7.abelmoschus Esculentus
7.abelmoschus Esculentus
7.abelmoschus Esculentus
S. Solomon et al
ISSN 2349-7750
ISSN: 2349-7750
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Available online at: http://www.iajps.com
Research Article
Corresponding author:
S.Solomon
Research Scholar
Department of Chemistry
Periyar E.V.R.College(Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli-620023. Tamil Nadu, India
E.mail: chemistrysolomon1985@gmail.com
Ph.No: 99650-39280
QR code
Please cite this article in press as S. Solomon et al, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Abelmoschus
Esculentus (Flowers), Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2016; 3(6).
www.iajps.com
Page 600
S. Solomon et al
INTRODUCTION:
The term inflammation originates from Lat:
Inflammare meaning to burn. Inflammation is a
homeostatic phenomenon which is regarded as a
wholesome response to irritant. The irritant provokes
one after another the mechanism that combat damage
and inflammation subsides when it is no longer
needed. The clinical signs that inflammation evoke
are heat, redness, swelling and loss of function [1].
Anti-inflammatory agent is a drug that inhibits any
facet of inflammation of an experimentally induced
nature or as a part of clinical syndrome [2].
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is belonging to the
family Malvaceae, it is important vegetable crop
grown mainly in the tropical or sub-tropical regions
during summer and rainy season [3,4]. Okra is a rich
source of many nutrients. A half cup of okra contains
calories 25, dietary fiber 2g, protein 1.5g,
carbohydrates 5.8g, vitamin A 460 IU, vitamin C
13mg, folic acid 36.5g, calcium 50mg, iron 0.4mg,
potassium 25mg, magnesium 46mg. Okra is
subjected to attack by many insects and pathogens
including fungi, viruses, mycoplasmas and
nematodes [5-9].
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Collection of Flowers
Fresh flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus were
collected from S. Pudur, Sivagangai (Dt), Tamil
Nadu, India, during the month of February and
identified by Dr.S.John Britto, Director, The rapinat
Herbarium and Centre for Molecular Systematics
(Authentication No. SS004 dated: 03/06/2016).
St.Josephs College (Campus), Triuchirappalli, Tamil
Nadu, India.
Extraction and fractionation
Fresh flowers (3 kg) of Abelmoschus esculentus
collected were extracted with 90% ethanol
(5x500ml). The combined alcoholic extract was
concentrated in vacuo and the aqueous extract was
successively fractionated with petroleum ether (60800C) (6x250ml), Peroxide free diethyl ether
(4x250ml) and ethyl acetate (8x250ml). Petroleum
ether fraction and diethyl ether fraction did not yield
any isolable material. Ethyl acetate fraction on
ISSN 2349-7750
Table 1: DPPH assay activity of the compound isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of
Abelmoschus esculentus
S. No
1
2
3
4
www.iajps.com
Concentration
(g/ml)
1000
500
125
31.25
% CTC50 Cytotoxicity
(g/ml)
46.05
37.48
27.57
12.86
CTC50
(g/ml)
1000
Page 601
S. Solomon et al
ISSN 2349-7750
Graph No.1: Graphical representation of DPPH activity of the compound isolated from the ethyl acetate
fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus.
Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity of the
Extract
The total antioxidant capacity was determined by
phosphormolybdenum method and is based on the
reduction of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) by the antioxidant
compounds and the formation of a green Mo (V)
complex which has the maximal absorption at
695nm.
Preparation of test and standard solutions
Weighed accurately 55mg of the sample and the
standard, ascorbic acid and dissolved in 5ml of
DMSO. The lower dilutions were made serially with
DMSO.
Procedure
An aliquot of 0.1ml of the sample solution containing
a reducing species in DMSO was combined in an
Eppendorff tube with 1ml of reagent solution
(0.6mM Sulphuric acid, 28mM sodium phosphate,
and 4mM ammonium molybdate). The tubes were
capped and incubated in water bath at 95 C for
90min. The samples were cooled to room
temperature, and the absorbance of each solution was
measured at 695nm. The total antioxidant capacity
Table 2: ABTS assay activity of the compound isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of
Abelmoschus esculentus
S. No
Concentration
(g/ml)
% CTC50
Cytotoxicity (g/ml)
CTC50
(g/ml)
1
2
3
4
1000
500
125
31.25
52.63
48.91
34.59
21.53
780.69
www.iajps.com
Page 602
S. Solomon et al
ISSN 2349-7750
Graph No.2: Graphical representation of ABTS radical scavenging activity of the compound isolated from
the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
Anti- Inflammatory Activity
The human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane
stabilization method
The method as prescribed (Gopalkrishnan et al.,
2009; Sakat et al., 2010) was adopted with some
modifications. The blood was collected from healthy
human volunteer who had not taken any NSAIDS for
2 weeks prior to the experiment and mixed with equal
volume of Alsever solution (2 % dextrose, 0.8 %
sodium citrate, 0.5 % citric acid and 0.42 % NaCl)
and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm. The packed cells were
washed with isosaline and a 10 % suspension was
made. Various concentrations of test drug were
prepared in mg/ml using distilled water and to each
concentration, 1 ml of phosphate buffer, 2 ml hypo
saline and 0.5 ml of HRBC suspension were added. It
was incubated at 370C for 30 minutes and centrifuged
at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes and the hemoglobin
content of the supernatant solution was estimated
spectrophotometrically at 560 nm. Diclofenac (100
Jg/ml) was used as reference standard and a control
was prepared by omitting the test drug. The
experiments were performed in triplicates and mean
values of the three were considered. The percentage
Table 3: The human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane Stabilization activity of the compound isolated from
the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
S. No
1
2
3
4
5
www.iajps.com
Concentration
(g/ml)
100
200
400
600
800
% of Inhibition
Membrane Stabilization
Mean S.E.M(S-I)
18.59 0.49
25.96 0.76
39.15 0.24
45.90 1.59
58.13 1.27
Page 603
S. Solomon et al
ISSN 2349-7750
Graph 3: Graphical representation of human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane Stabilization activity of the
compound isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
Table 4: The Inhibition of Albumin Denaturation activity of the compound isolated from the ethyl acetate
fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
S. No
1
2
3
4
5
Concentration
(g/ml)
100
200
400
600
800
% of Inhibition
Membrane Stabilization
Mean S.E.M(S-I)
20.59 0.86
31.49 0.75
38.92 0.42
43.58 1.27
56.64 1.84
Graph 4: Graphical representation of Inhibition of Albumin Denaturation activity of the compound isolated
from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Anti-oxidant activity:
The compound isolated from the ethyl acetate
fractions of Abelmoschus esculentus flowers
exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity when
compared with DPPH assay. It is evident from the
data presented in Table-I that the sample possessed
DPPH assay activity.
The result showed the
percentage of cytotoxicity for 1000 g/ml as 46.05%,
www.iajps.com
Page 604
S. Solomon et al
Anti-inflammatory activity:
The compound isolated from the ethyl acetate
fractions of Abelmoschus esculentus flowers
exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity of the
human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane
stabilization and the results are presented in Table III.
The result showed the percentage of inhibition in
membrane stabilization for 100 g/ml as 18.59 0.49
% , for 200 g/ml as 25.96 0.76 % , for 400 g/ml
as 39.15 0.24 % , for 600 g/ml as 45.90 1.59 % ,
and for 800 g/ml as 58.13 1.27 %. The
inhibitions of Albumin denaturation activity
exhibited by the compound are given in Table IV.
The results showed the percentage of inhibition in
membrane stabilization for 100 g/ml as 20.59 0.86
% , for 200 g/ml as 31.49 0.75 % , for 400 g/ml
as 38.92 0.42 % , for 600 g/ml as 43.58 1.27 % ,
and for 800 g/ml as 56.64 1.84.The antiinflammatory effect of the compound isolated from
ethyl acetate fraction(test sample) of Abelmoschus
esculentus may be due to presence of active
constituent flavonoids
CONCLUSION:
The present study has confirmed that both DPPH
assay and ABTS have showed a highest potential
antioxidant activity and also the human red blood cell
(HRBC) membrane stabilization. It could be
concluded that the compound isolated from the ethyl
acetate fraction of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus
is of phytopharmaceutical importance. However
elucidation of the structure of the compound
responsible for these activities will definitely give
fruitful results.
REFERENCES:
1.E.Arigoni-Martelli, Inflammation and Antiinflammatories, Spectrum Publications Inc., New
York, 1977.
2.M.J.H.Smith, in Salicylates, M.J.H.Smith and
R.K.Smith, Eds., Wiley-Intersciences, New York,
1966, p-49.
3.Cyril, C.N., Chibundu, N.E., Anokwuru, K.O,
Prosper, C., Ivie, K.E. Cytomorphological and
antifungal analysis of Acalypha wilkesiana, Moringa
oleifere extracts, and sodium hypochlorite on
www.iajps.com
ISSN 2349-7750
Page 605