1 Design and Development of a Smokeless Wood-burning Stove

ABSTRACT
This study aims to create and design a new Wood-burning stove that will lessen and
remove most smoke discharged and made by the burning of the wood as the stoves fuel. This
aims to lessen the trouble and inconvenience made by the regular wood stoves not only the
owner his or herself but also towards the other residents who experience smoke-filled rooms
when someone is cooking with wood as fuel. This also aims to study further the use of
thermoelectric generators and or solar panels to keep the stoves technology running.
RELATED LITERATURE:
A kitchen stove, usually called a stove, range, cooker, or oven is a kitchen appliance
designed for the purpose of cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat
for the cooking process and may also contain an oven, used for baking.
The fuel-burning stove is the most basic design of kitchen stove. Nearly half of
the people in the world, burn biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal in
rudimentary cooking stoves or open fires to cook their food. More fuel efficient and
environmentally sound biomass cook stoves are being developed for use there.
Modern kitchen stoves may use alternative methods for heating food. Natural gas and
electric stoves are the most common today in western countries. Both methods are safe and ecofriendly, and both reduce the use of the standard gas-fed stoves. It all depends on the preferences
of the user and the consumer.

One of these stove types is the gasifier stove. The gasifier stove is made up of a smaller
can nestled inside a larger can, allowing air to circulate in the gap between them. Wood is loaded
into the inner can as fuel, and as it burns it draws fresh air up through the bottom for a hearty,
intense combustion just like any barbecue. Whats unique about a gasifier stove is that it has a
second, higher row of air holes that reintroduce oxygen. As wood breaks down in the heat of a
fire it releases lots of gases and vapours and smoke that are all actually flammable, but would
otherwise have blown away in a normal fire. But with this second row of air holes, fresh oxygen
is drawn in and you get secondary combustion of all these gases. This means a gasifier stove is
very efficient and releases all of the heat energy in the fuel, and is also smokeless when its
running. Gasification of wood has been crucial through history, and can even be used to drive a
car or van instead of petrol or diesel there were over a million wood-powered cars across
Europe during the Second World War.
The materials used in normal wood or charcoal stoves differ from area to area.
Northern provinces tend to use clay (same as that of clay pots) to create a wood-fed stove, while
other areas like in the urbanized cities, use improvised and DIY methods such as the use of
concrete, used old cans or buckets and metal wires and screens. Differing materials have
different thermal conduction levels on the exteriors. Clay stoves have lower conductivity than
steel and concrete obviously transfer and conducts lower heat than most materials used in todays
stove. To make use of the heat radiated by the stoves, some make use of thermoelectric peltiers to
generate electricity. This is called the thermoelectric effect.
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to
electric voltage and vice versa. A thermoelectric device creates voltage when there is a different
temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature

difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the
material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side.

This effect can be used to generate electricity, measure temperature or change the
temperature of objects. Because the direction of heating and cooling is determined by the
polarity of the applied voltage, thermoelectric devices can be used as temperature controllers.
Thermal

insulation is

the

reduction

of heat

transfer (the

transfer

of thermal

energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range
of thermal influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or
processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.
Heat

flow

is

an

inevitable

consequence

of

contact

between

objects

of

differing temperature. Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:
-Gasifier Stove. Retrieved Sept.8, 2015, from Wikipedia: http://the-knowledge.org/engb/gasifier-stove

> the site discusses the history of the gasifier stove, how it works and shows the process
of how it is made. It also discusses the materials used in the gasifier stove, how efficient the
design is and the standards needed for it to become a gasifier stove.
-Kitchen

Stove.

Retrieved

Sept.

7,

2015,

from

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_stove
> This page discusses the history and development of the kitchen stove or range. It
identifies the parts, the usual and standard designs of the early stoves, and to the modern and
alternative-fueled stoves now used in todays modern society.
-Stove. Retrieved Sept.1, 2015, from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stove
>This site discusses the history, development, kinds, and current designs of the stove. It
ranges from the normal gas range, to the improvised and stoves that use alternative fuels. It also
mentions other stoves like the heater stoves and wood burning stoves.
-Thermal Insulation. Retrieved Sept.1, 2015, from Wikipedia :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_insulation
>This page discusses the Thermal insulation phenomenon, how it works and its
calculation. A connecting page to this has a detailed table of each conductivity level of the

materials listed in the table. This is needed to check the materials that will conduct and insulate
the heat for the stove to be designed.
-Thermoelectric

Effect,

Retrieved

Sept.

9,

2015

from

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect
>This page discusses the potential of thermoelectric effect as a power generator, and how
it can also be used as an accent or balancer on some appliances. It is needed as it can be a
possible addition to the stove to be designed.
-Daniel Harper. Concrete block rocket stove. Retrieved Sept. 3, 2015, from Danielharper :
http://www.danielharper.org/yauu/2015/01/concrete-block-rocket-stove/
>A site that discusses a sample of a portable and DIY rocket stove with the use of
concrete blocks, and metal. This site tests the different materials capable of insulating and
increasing the efficiency of the heat or flames made by the stove.
-Jeff McIntire-Strasburg. How to build a rocket stove. Retrieved Sept. 4, 2015, from
sustainablog : http://sustainablog.org/2011/09/how-to-build-a-rocket-stove/
> A site that shows more samples of the DIY and improvised stoves used in rural areas
and for camping purposes.
-Rodgers, Paul; Milton, Alex(2011); Product Design,
>A book about product designs, tackling the design inspirations and materials used by the
designer, as well as the use of the advances in the technology to create new and improved
designs.
-Brower, Mallory, Ohlman (2009) ; Experimental Eco-Design,

>A book about products that has sustainable and eco-friendly designs. This book
discusses how the materials were chosen for the products and their sustainability. Also discusses
the probability and usage of old materials as materials for a new product, which can be identified
as recycling or sometimes upcycling.
-Thompson, Rob(2011); The manufacturing guides Product & Furniture Design,
>A book discussing manufacturing processes, materials and machineries. This book is
also discusses how some products were made and how other materials where altered in each
method.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
-Gasifier Stove. Retrieved Sept.8, 2015, from Wikipedia: http://the-knowledge.org/engb/gasifier-stove

-Stove. Retrieved Sept.1, 2015, from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stove

Insulation.

Retrieved

Sept.1,

2015,

from

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_insulation
-Thermoelectric

Effect,

Retrieved

Sept.

9,

2015

from

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect
-Daniel Harper. Concrete block rocket stove. Retrieved Sept. 3, 2015, from Danielharper :
http://www.danielharper.org/yauu/2015/01/concrete-block-rocket-stove/
-Jeff McIntire-Strasburg. How to build a rocket stove. Retrieved Sept. 4, 2015, from sustainablog
: http://sustainablog.org/2011/09/how-to-build-a-rocket-stove/
-Rodgers, Paul; Milton, Alex(2011); Product Design,
-Brower, Mallory, Ohlman (2009) ; Experimental Eco-Design,
-Thompson, Rob(2011); The manufacturing guides Product & Furniture Design,