(Pharma-Tech Assignment) : Fire Hazards IN Pharmaceutical Industry

FIRE HAZARDS
IN
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
(PHARMA-TECH
ASSIGNMENT)
PRESENTED TO: MAAM RABEEA
PRESENTED BY:
QASIM MAHMOOD (47)
SALMAN MEHBOOB (48)
AHMED BILAL (45)
FIRE HAZARDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

An Industrial fire is a type of industrial disaster involving a conflagration which
occurs in an industrial setting. Industrial fires often, but not always, occur together
with explosions. They are most likely to occur in facilities where there is a lot of
flammable material present Sometimes large amounts of dust or powder are
vulnerable to combustion and their ignition can cause dust explosions. Severe
industrial fires have involved multiple injuries, loss of life, costly financial loss,
and/or damage to the surrounding community or environment.
Classifying fires
When deciding on what fire protection is appropriate for any given situation, it is
important to assess the types of fire hazard that may be faced.
Some jurisdictions operate systems of classifying fires using code letters. Whilst
these may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below is a table showing
the standard operated in Europe and Australia against the system used in the
United States.
Type of Fire
Austral
European
ia
Fires that involve flammable solids such as wood,

Class
cloth, rubber, paper, and some types of plastics.
Fires that involve flammable liquids or liquefiable
solids such as petrol/gasoline, oil, paint, some
Class
waxes & plastics, but not cooking fats or oils
Fires that involve flammable gases, such as
Class
natural gas, hydrogen, propane, butane
Fires that involve combustible metals, such as
Class
sodium, magnesium, and potassium
Fires that involve any of the materials found in
Class A and B fires, but with the introduction of an
electrical appliances, wiring, or other electrically
Class
energized objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a
resultant electrical shock risk if a conductive agent
is used to control the fire.
A Class A
North
Americ
a
Class A
B Class B
Class B
C Class C
D Class D
Class D
(Class E) now
no longer in
E1
Class C
the European
standards
Fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high

temperature of the oils when on fire far exceeds
that of other flammable liquids making normal
extinguishing agents ineffective.
Class F Class F
Class K
Goals of Fire protection

Fire protection has three major goals:
Continuity of operations - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent the

interruption of critical services necessary for the public welfare (e.g., a 911
emergency call center).
Property protection - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent area wide

conflagrations. At an individual building level, this is typically an insurance
consideration (e.g., a requirement for financing), or a regulatory requirement.
Life safety - the minimum standard used in fire and building codes
EXPECTED INJURIES
Traumatic lesions.
1ST degree, 2nd degree and 3rd degree burns.
Intoxication.
The primary risk to people in a fire is smoke inhalation (breathing in smoke; the more common
cause of death in a fire rather than burns). The risks of smoke include:
Suffocation due to the fire consuming or displacing all of the oxygen from the
air;
Poisonous gases produced by the fire;
Aspirating heated smoke that can burn the inside of the lungs.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
-
Explosion hazard assessment;
Efficient handling of flammable product being handled;
Electrical grounding of machinery to disperse static electricity capable of

sparking fire hazard;
-
Operator and worker information and training.
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) (or, Process Hazard

Evaluation) is a set of organized and systematic assessments of the potential hazards
associated with an industrial process. A PHA provides information intended to assist managers
and employees in making decisions for improving safety and reducing the consequences of
unwanted or unplanned releases of hazardous chemicals. A PHA is directed toward analyzing
potential causes and consequences of fires, explosions, releases of toxic or flammable chemicals
and major spills of hazardous chemicals, and it focuses on equipment, instrumentation, utilities,
human actions, and external factors that might impact the process.
There are a variety of methodologies that can be used to conduct a PHA, including but not
limited to: Checklist, What if?, What if?/Checklist, Hazard and Operability Study, Failure Mode
and Effects Analysis, Process Flow Failure Modes (PFFM) Analysis, Layer of Protection
Analysis [1], and Fault Tree Analysis. The selection of a methodology to use depends on a
number of factors, including the complexity of the process, the length of time a process has been
in operation and if a PHA has been conducted on the process before, and if the process is unique,
or industrially common.
In the United States, the use of PHAs is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) in its Process Safety Management regulation for the identification of
risks involved in the design, operation, and modification of processes that handle highly
hazardous chemicals.
SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES

SOURCES
Equipments
Material and product
Chemical process
Electricity
Explosive gas leakage
Heat utilization equipment

Heat transfer equipment
Oven and furnaces
Dehydrator and dryers
Combustible and flammable liquids
Petroleum products
Liquid gases
COMBATING FIRE:
Class-A fires
The most common method to control a class-A fire is to remove heat by spraying the burning
solid fuels with water. Another method of controlling a class-A fire would be to reduce the
oxygen content of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the (i.e., "smother" the fire), such
as by the introduction of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide.
Class-B fires
Some Class-B fires (hydrocarbons, petroleums, and fuels on fire) cannot be efficiently controlled
with water. Fuels with a specific gravity less than water, such as gasoline or oil, float on water,
resulting in the fire continuing in the fuel on top of the water. The application of a combination
of fire suppressant foam mixed with water is a common and effective method of forming a
blanket on top of the liquid fuel which eliminates the oxygen needed for combustion.The
configuration of some fuels, such as coal and baled waste paper, result in a deep seated and
burrowing fire, resulting in less effective fire control by the application of water on the outer
surfaces of the fuel.
Some class-B fires can be controlled with the application of chemical fire suppressants.
Class-C fires
Class-C fires involve electricity as a continuous power source for the ignition of the fuels
associated with electrical equipment, such as plastic cable jackets. The application of water does
not always result in effective fire control, and there is a general concern regarding conductivity
and personnel safety. Class C fires can be effectively controlled by removing the oxygen. The
removal of electricity as a continuous ignition source is important to eliminate re-ignition. Once
the electricity is removed, the result is a Class A fire.
Ventilation
Fires can spread through the interior of a structure as the hot gases spread due to the expansion of
the gases as a result of the combustion. Some fires can be partially controlled by venting these
gases to the outside through manufactured heat vents in the structure's roof, or by the fire
department cutting holes in the roof.
CONTROLLING AND COMBATING INDUSTRIAL FIRES IS A HAARDOUS THING AND MAY
RESULT IN HEAVY LOSS OF PROPERTY AND LIVES. SO PREVENTION IS ALWAYS
BETTER.
THE END

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FIRE HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Fires that involve flammable solids such as wood,

Fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high

Goals of Fire protection

Continuity of operations - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent the

Property protection - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent area wide

Poisonous gases produced by the fire;

Explosion hazard assessment;

Efficient handling of flammable product being handled;

Electrical grounding of machinery to disperse static electricity capable of

Operator and worker information and training.

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) (or, Process Hazard

SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES

Material and product

Heat utilization equipment

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