Civilizational Studies
Civilizational Studies
Civilizational Studies
Ibn Khaldun: wrote in his magnum opus, Muqaddimah, about the rise and fall of
dynasties and the formation of sedentary civilization. He takes an empirical and
religious approach to history and sociology, and focuses mostly on the Islamic
world. Considered by some to be the 'father of sociology'.[19] Influenced Arnold J.
Toynbee.
Giambattista Vico: Vico wrote Scienza Nuova positing a three-stage rise and
decline pattern which pertains to every nation's historical path. He was the
pioneer ofethnology as a discipline of study.
Arnold J. Toynbee: Toynbee wrote a similar comparative study of the rise and
decline of civilizations, A Study of History, somewhat concurrently with
Spengler, which was released much later, around the conclusion of World War
II.