BS en 13232-2-2003-A1-2011
BS en 13232-2-2003-A1-2011
BS en 13232-2-2003-A1-2011
BRITISH STANDARD
Railway applications
Track Switches and
crossings
Part 2: Requirements for geometric
design
ICS 45.080
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN
13232-2:2003
+A1:2011
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
National foreword
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BSI 2011
Comments
30 November 2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13232-2:2003+A1
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
October 2011
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ICS 93.100
Supersedes EN 13232-2:2003
English Version
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen Teil 2: Anforderungen an den geometrischen Entwurf
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2003 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 September 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
2011 CEN
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
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Contents
page
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1
Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
5
5.1
5.2
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC" ........................................................................................... 18
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
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Foreword
This document (EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 "Railway
applications", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2012.
!This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive
2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document."
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-13.
This document supersedes EN 13232-2:2003.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This series of European Standards Railway Applications Track Switches and Crossings covers the design and
quality of switches and crossings in flat bottomed rail. The list of parts is as follows:
Part 1 : Definitions
Part 5 : Switches
Part 9 : Layouts
Part 1 contains terminology used throughout all parts of this series. Parts 2 to 4 contain basic design guides and
are applicable to all switch and crossing assemblies. Parts 5 to 8 deal with particular types of equipment, including
their tolerances. Part 9 defines the functional and geometric dimensions and tolerances for layout assemblies.
These use Parts 1 to 4 as a basis.
The following terms are used within to define the parties involved in using the European Standard as the technical
basis for a transaction:
Customer
The Operator or User of the equipment, or the Purchaser of the equipment on the User's
behalf.
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
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Supplier
The body responsible for the use of the European Standard in response to the
Customer's requirements.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Scope
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tolerance levels.
These are illustrated herein by application to a turnout. The main switch and crossing components are represented
in turnouts and the principles used in turnouts apply equally to more complex layouts.
Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 13232-1:2003, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 1: Definitions.
prEN 13232-3, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail
interaction.
prEN 13232-5, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 5: Switches.
prEN 13232-9, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings - Part 9: Layouts.
3
3.1
Geometry is represented in the running plane by the running edges. For the purpose of determination of
permissible speeds and for definition of the turnout, curvature is defined by the radius of the track centreline.
The guiding principles of curves are given in this standard as they apply to switches and crossings. Switches and
crossings are normally designed without differential cant; particular requirements shall be specified.
In order to maintain safe and continuous support and guidance of wheels, certain rules of tangency are imposed.
Speed and radius are then related to lateral acceleration. Cant deficiency is derived from this. Switches and
crossings are characterised by changes in lateral acceleration, so rules for both steady and sudden changes
between radii are included in this section.
Calculations and rules relate to vehicles with 2 axles or vehicles with 2-axle bogies. Vehicles with other than
2 axles may require special consideration and as such their configuration shall be provided by the Customer.
These rules are defined for steady-state design, i.e. without acceleration. Requirements of a dynamic nature shall
be stated by the Customer.
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
3.2
General requirements
3.2.1
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For the purposes of this part of the European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13232-1:2003 and
the following apply.
Key reference points relating to turnout geometry and the limits of supply of a turnout are illustrated in Figure 1.
Key
1
2
3
7
8
4
5
Theoretical intersection
Limits of supply (heel joints)
Turnout angle
At any change in radius the two radii shall be mutually tangential at the running edges. To achieve this the centres
of adjacent curves shall lie on the same radial line (see Figure 2).
Exceptions to the mutual tangency rule may occur. These are:
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Key
1
Tangent
Key determinants
For a concise definition of the geometry of an assembly of switches and crossings, a minimum amount of basic
quantitative information is required. The following items are both necessary and sufficient for such a definition of a
turnout.
The following shall be defined by the Customer and numerical values provided to the Supplier. Note that some
values may be different from those for plain line :
gauge;
speed;
For a crossover or junction, in addition, the following shall be defined by the Customer and provided to the
Supplier:
For switches and crossings on a curved main line, the following must be defined and provided by the Customer:
The key points whose location shall be agreed between Customer and Supplier are as follows:
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Key
1
Overall length
2
3
Tangent length
Turnout intersection
Turnout angle
centreline radii;
where such changes of radii shall be bounded either by included angle, or by longitudinal distance or by lateral
offset, or in the case of a transition section, by such data as is necessary to uniquely define its shape.
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Key
1
2
Centreline
Transition
3.3
Speed relationships
Fundamental rules of circular motion determine the relationship between radius and speed around a curve. For
railway specific applications the following formula applies:
vmax = (amax Rc)
(1)
where
Rc
amax
vmax
(2)
Often it is convenient to express maximum speed in terms of more physical measures, using the variables cant
deficiency and wheel contact gauge. Firstly, wheel contact gauge is expressed conventionally as:
sw = st + sr
(3)
where
sw
is the wheel contact gauge, or distance between the two upper wheel/rail contacts, in millimetre;
st
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
sr
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If sr is not specified then, for standard gauge (1 435 mm), sw takes the value 1 500 mm. The speed relationship is
then given by:
Vmax = 3,6 (hd g Rc / sw)
(4)
where
hd
3.4
3.4.1
Most real situations yield a step change in curvature, since a smooth curvature change only occurs in transition
curves. The effects of step changes are mitigated by the vehicle's suspension system, but an approximate rule is
necessary to enable the switch and crossing supplier to match the vehicle's requirements. In the following the rules
for steady transitions are covered first, then the rules for step changes in curvature.
See Figure 5 for examples of alternative arrangements of transitions within turnouts.
10
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Key
1
2
Radius
Transition
3
4
Straight
Radius 1
Radius 2
The steady change of curvature is quantified by the rate of change of lateral acceleration. Alternatively it may be
termed a rate of change of cant deficiency. This is related to a rate of change of lateral acceleration which is
calculated with the following formula:
dhd s w da
=
dt
g dt
(5)
where
dhd
dt
da
dt
11
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
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The equations in paragraphs 3.4.4 and 3.4.5 below are defined in terms of the variable A, which can be used with
dA
dA
either lateral acceleration (A in m/s2,
in m/s3) or cant deficiency (A in mm,
in mm/s), the units of
dt
dt
measurement depending on which alternative is preferred.
3.4.3
Transition curves are used to eliminate the effects of step changes by employing a suitable rate of change of lateral
acceleration. Speed is calculated according to the sharpest radius using equations 1, 2 and 4 above.
There follow various calculations for transitions. These are based on the steady transition but approximations to it
may be permitted. An example of a steady transition is the clothoid, which employs a constant rate of change of
lateral acceleration. The definition of the clothoid transition curve is:
1
d
r
= constant
dl
(6)
(7)
provided the curve is long relative to the length of vehicle. A useful practical approximation to the clothoid is the
cubic parabola.
3.4.4
t = 3,6
Lt
V
(8)
where
Lt
Therefore the equation for the rate of change in lateral acceleration or cant deficiency for a clothoid transition can
be represented as follows:
V
dA
= ( A1 A2 )
3 ,6 Lt
dt
(9)
where
A1
A2
either of which is zero for straight track. This and similar equations are valid for A1 > A2, reversing sign for A1 < A2.
12
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
3.4.5
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In the case of step changes in curvature, as occur in turnouts and crossovers, the changes in lateral acceleration or
cant deficiency are dealt with according to the following procedure. Note that equations 10 to 15 below are
approximate. The Customer shall provide a correction factor if a more precise result is required.
The time t (s) taken to traverse the change in radius is given by:
t = 3,6
Lb
V
(10)
where
Lb
is the length between bogie centres in m, to be defined and provided by the Customer.
Four distinct cases are shown in Figure 6, covering the range of purely circular geometries. As for smooth changes,
A may be defined in terms of either lateral acceleration or cant deficiency.
For a radius R1 adjoining a straight:
V
dA
= A1
3 ,6 Lb
dt
(11)
(12)
b
13
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Key
1
2
See equation 11
See equation 12
3
4
See equation 13
See equation 14
(13)
For a reverse curve with radii R1 and R2 separated by a straight of length Ls (Ls < Lb), we must consider for dA/dt the
greatest value calculated according to either formula (11) at a distance Lb/2 from the straight ends, or the formula:
V
dA
= ( A1 + A2 )
3 ,6(Lb + L s )
dt
3.4.6
(14)
Where the length of the transition is less than Lb, an alternative method must be used. An equivalent radius should
be determined between the customer and supplier. One way of doing this is to use the versine f of the curve at the
mid-point of the vehicle bogie centres, instead of the radius of the curve, measured in the worst case. An example
is given in Figure 7a). In place of R in the equations above, substitute the following:
Reff =
14
L 2b
8f
(15)
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
A further example of equation 15 also applies in the case of an angular discontinuity such as may occur at a switch
toe. The procedure shown in Figure 7b) applies. This yields an effective radius which may be used with any of the
above rules.
3.5
Clauses 3.3 and 3.4 apply equally when switches and crossings are installed in curved track. In such cases a
'standard' turnout (see Figure 8a)) with diverging radius R1 installed in a track in which the radius is R0 will yield an
equivalent radius Req of the diverging route of:
Req =
R0 R1
(R0 + R1 )
(16)
R0 R1
(R0 R1 )
(17)
The equations for speed and lateral acceleration apply using the equivalent values of diverging and main radii.
Note that equations 16 and 17 are approximate. The customer shall provide a correction factor if a more precise
result is required.
15
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BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Refer to EN 13232-1 for definitions of types of curvature. The type of curvature shall be specified by the Customer.
Design of switches and crossings involves aspects other than geometry. The component parts of switches and
crossings are dealt with in Parts 5 to 10 (see Foreword) but some non-geometric design issues are of a more
general nature:
safety in operation;
These issues are influenced by the axle spacing and frequency, temperature changes, ballast and subgrade
quality, etc. They will be affected by maintenance practices and in turn will affect the economic service life. Some of
these issues are within the Supplier's work, some are not.
The Supplier is responsible for meeting the Customer's specification, via this standard, for the items within the
Supplier's scope. These items possess interfaces to other items outside the Supplier's scope. The Customer shall
define in verifiable terms the characteristics required at these interfaces.
5
5.1
Tolerances
Accumulation of tolerances
For the build-up of tolerances on switches and crossings within a layout, refer to prEN 13232-9 in preparation.
16
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
5.2
Acceptance basis
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Radii and angles are considered to be nominal, that is, effectively exact. Acceptance criteria shall be based on
longitudinal or lateral measurements or those obtained from versine calculations. Sufficient longitudinal, lateral and
versine dimensions shall be verified by measurement to prove that the nominal radii and angles are correct.
In addition the following dimensions shall be verified by measurement in accordance with the tolerances specified
by the Customer or agreed with him:
gauge;
width and depth of wheel flangeway gaps in switches, crossings and checks;
lengths and entry/exit flare dimensions for check rails and wing rails, together with their position relative to the
crossing nose;
Other dimensions requiring verification by measurement shall be agreed at the design stage.
17
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
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Annex ZA
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
1
Requirements of the Directive 2008/57/EC .
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this standard
given in Table ZA.1 for HS Infrastructure and in Table ZA.2 for CR Infrastructure confers, within the limits of the
scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that
Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
1 This Directive 2008/57/EC adopted on 17th June 2008 is a recast of the previous Directives 96/48/EC Interoperability of the
trans-European high-speed rail system and 2001/16/EC Interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system and
th
revisions thereof by 2004/50/EC Corrigendum to Directive 2004/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29
April 2004 amending Council Directive 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system and
Directive 2001/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional
rail system.
18
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard, the HS TSI INF, published in OJEU dated
th
19 March 2008, and Directive 2008/57/EC
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Clause(s)/
sub-clause(s) of this
European Standard
Chapter//annexes of the
TSI
4. Description of the
infrastructure domain
4.2.2 Nominal track gauge
4.2.4 Distance between track
centres
4.2.8 Cant deficiency
4.2.11.b) Rail inclination
Switches and crossings
Corresponding text,
articles//annexes of the
Directive 2008/57/EC
Annex III Essential
requirements
Comments
1. General requirements
1.1 Safety
Clauses 1.1.1 1.1.2 and
1.1.3
1.5 Technical
compatibility
19
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Table ZA.2 Correspondence between this European Standard, the CR TSI INF published in OJEU dated
th
14 May 2011, and Directive 2008/57/EC
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Clause(s)/
sub-clause(s) of this
European Standard
Chapter//annexes of the
TSI
4. Description of the
infrastructure subsystem.
4.2.4.2 Distance between
track centres
4.2.5 Track parameters
4.2.5.1 Nominal track gauge
4.2.5.3 Rate of change of cant
(as a function of time)
4.2.5.4 Cant deficiency
4.2.5.7 2 Rail inclination
Requirements for switches
and crossings
4.2.6.2 Switches and
crossings In-service
geometry of switches and
crossings
4.2.6.3 Maximum unguided
length of fixed obtuse
crossings
4.2.7 Track resistance to
applied loads
Corresponding text,
articles//annexes of the
Directive 2008/57/EC
Annex III Essential
requirements
1. General requirements
1.1 Safety
Clauses 1.1.1 1.1.2 and
1.1.3
1.5 Technical
compatibility
Comments
5. Interoperability constituents
5.3.1 Constituents
performances and
specifications - The rail
6. Assessment of conformity
of interoperability constituents
and EC verification of the
subsystems
6.2.4.7 Assessment of
geometry of switches and
crossings
6.2.5.2 Assessment of track
resistance for switches and
crossings
Annex B Table 21
WARNING Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."
20
BS EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011 (E)
Bibliography
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[1]
prEN 13232-6, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 6: Fixed common and obtuse
crossings
21
BS EN
13232-2:2003
+A1:2011
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