Direct and Indirect Speech Exercise

I.

STATEMENT

Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa)

sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase)
dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat
pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to me

that + reported words

He told me
e.g Mary told her friends I have been to Bali twice.
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
-

Father said I am going out of town tomorrow.

Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

Mary told John my father warned me last night

Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.

Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense,

maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.

e.g John says I will go to Bandung tomorrow

- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow

Mary says I have seen that film

Mary says that she has seen that film.

My brother says I met Tom at the party last night

My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.

Tom says I dont like English.

II.

COMMAND

Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :

1.

Positive Command

Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat

perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan
perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis
ini ialah :
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
e.g

He asked me Open your book

- He asked me to open my book.

- Mary told me Stop talking to Jane
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John Pay attention to what I say.

- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.

2.

Negative Command

Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah

yang dilaporkan.
e.g

Mary told John Dont wait for me

- Mary told John not to wait for her.

- I told him Dont mention it to anyone
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her Dont go there alone
- Father asked her not to go there alone.

III.

QUESTION

Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata

tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka
kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported
Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk
positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive Form
He asked me

where
When etc.

e.g

The man asked me : Where do you live ?

- The man asked me where I lived.

- John asked Mary : Why do you get angry with me ?
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : When did you get back from your trip ?
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan
hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk Yes & No Question,
maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah)
sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang
dilaporkan.
e.g

The boy asked John : Does Mary live near here?

- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.

- The teacher asked her : Have you finish your homework ?
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

Soal Latihan Passive

SOAL LATIHAN

1.

Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City? 'I'm
sorry, sir. Our airline to Mexico City."
A. will not fly
B. has not been flying

D. wasn't able to fly

E. doesn't fly

C. did not fly

Pembahasan:
Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City?" "1'm sorry
sir. Our airline ... to Mexico City".
Kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan soal mengehendaki suatu alasan tidak
memenuhi permintaan customer. Semua pilihan menyatakan tidak
terbang ke Mexico.
Pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan jadwal, rutinitas selalu
diungkapkan dalam bentuk simple present tense (S + VI).
Dalam hal ini yang dikehendaki adalah bentuk negatif simple present : S
+ do/does + not + V1.
Jawaban: E
2. `He has to take a TOEFL test before leaving for the U.S.'
`No, . . . have to; he already took it a few months ago.
A. he doesn't
B. he isn't

D. he mustn't
E. he can't

C. he hasn't
Pembahasan:
He has to take the TOEFL test before leaving for the U.S.' `No, . . . have to;

he already took it a few months ago.

Kalimat pertama tense-nya adalah present simple (has to = harus).
Maka respon/JAWAB: kalimat tadi harus present simple juga dengan
Auxiliary do/does. Does digunakan terhadap untuk orang ketiga tunggal
(third person singular).
Jawaban: A
3.

I think you had better tell her the truth before somebody else ....
A. can

D. did

B. tells

E. does

C. had
Pembahasan:
Kalimat pertama bertense present simple, maka kalimat selanjutnya,
yang merupakan adverb clause harus ber-tense sama/setara: present
simple. Apabila kegiatan (verb) yang dimaksud kalimat kedua sama
dengan kalimat pertama, maka verb kalimat kedua harus dalam bentuk
elips. Auxiliary do/does digunakan sebagai elips present.
Jawaban: E

4.

"Do I hear something?"

"Yes, somebody . . . at the door!"
A. knocks

D. has knocked

B. knocked

E. was knocking

C. is knocking
Pembahasan:
Dari pertanyaan 'Apakah saya mendengar sesuatu?' clan dari Jawaban

'ya' memberi pengertian bahwa seseorang sedang mengetuk pintu.

Peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung (pada waktu kini) dinyatakan dengan
pola present continuous: S + is/are/am + V-ing.
Jawaban: C
5.

"May I borrow your magazine?"

"I'm sorry, my sister . . . it.
A. is still reading
B. has been reading

D. still read
E. still reads

C. will still read

Pembahasan:
"Bolehkah saya meminjam majalahmu?" JAWAB: I'm sorry memberi
pengertian bahwa majalah yang dimaksud tidak ada di tempat. Dengan
kata lain, masih sedang dibaca oleh adik saya. Sedang (pada waktu kini)
dinyatakan dalam pola present continuous: S + am/is/are + V-ing).
Jawaban: A
6.

Have the boys had their breakfast? 'Not yet, they ....'
A. have taken a bath
B. are still taking a bath

D. were taking a bath

E. would still take a bath

C. will take a bath

Pembahasan:
`Have the boy had their breakfast?T 'Not yet, they . . .'
'Apakah anak-anak sudah sarapan?'
JAWAB: not yet (belum) memberi pengertian bahwa kegiatan yang
ditanyakan belum dilakukan oleh subject dengan kata lain mereka masih
sedang mandi. Sedang (pada waktu kini) dinyatakan dalam pola Present
Continuous: S + am/is/are + V-ing.

Jawaban: B
7.

Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?

"We don't know yet; they . . . by a team.'
A. are still being selected

D. still selected

B. are still selecting

E. still selecting

C. still be selected
Pembahasan:
`Which painting will be exhibited tomorrow?,
'We don't know yet; they . . . by a team.'
Gambar mana yang akan dipamerkan besok?
Jawaban `we don't know yet' (kami belum tahu) mengisyaratkan bahwa
gambar-bambar (they) masih sedang dipilih oleh tim. Kalimat jawab di
atas menghendaki pemakaian pola passive yang menyatakan sedang, jadi
tense-nya adalah/Present Continuou Bentuk passive present continuous
berpola S + tobe + being + V3, clan ini dipenuhi oleh (A): They are ' still
being selected by a team.
Jawaban: A
8.

`Have you delivered the package to the customers?

'Not yet, some . . .
A. are still being wrapped
wrapped
B. have been wrapped
wrapped
C. will have been wrapped
Pembahasan:

D. would be
E. were

`Have you delivered the packages to the customers? 'Not yet,

some ...'
Kalimat jawaban `not yet' di atas menghendaki kalimat yang
mengikutinya menyatakan sedang dalam bentuk passive, jadi tense-nya
adalah Present Continuous (to be + being + past participle/V3). Bentuk
passive dengan tense ini adalah `are still being wrapped' (masih sedang
dibungkus).
Jawaban: A
9.

Dika : Can I borrow your laptop?

Ditya : Certainly, but what's wrong with yours?
Dika . It ... now.
A. is being repaired

D. has repaired

B. repaired
is going to repair

E.

C. is repairing
Pembahasan:
Dari dialog kita tahu bahwa laptop Dika sedang diperbaiki. Maka pola
yang kita gunakan adalah Present Progressive karena perbaikan sedang
berlangsung dan dalam bentuk pasif. (S + is/am/are + being + V3).
Jawaban: A
10.

`You look so unhappy, Anton. What's the matter?

'My father his job.'
A. has just lost
B. has been losing
C. losing

D. is losing
E. loses

Pembahasan:
Dari pernyataan `You look so unhappy' (Kamu kelihatan tidak bahagia)
dapat diduga bahwa ayahnya yang kehilangan pekerjaan merupakan
penyebabnya. Tense untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang akibat/dampaknya
terasa kini (present: look) adalah present perfect: S + have/has + V3.
Jawaban: A
11.

'Anwar was promoted president of your company last week; wasn't

he?
'I'm glad he was; he____ in this company for years.'
A. had worked
B. has been working

D. would work
E. worked

C. was working
Pembahasan:
I am glad he was; he ... in this company for years.'
Keterangan waktu `for years' (selama bertahun-tahun) menunjukkan
suatu kegiatan yang terjadi dalam rentang waktu tertentu dari suatu
waktu di masa lampau hingga sekarang. Tense untuk menyatakan
kegiatan seperti ini dipergunakan present perfect continuous (S +
have/has + been + V-ing)
Jawaban: B
12.

`What are you looking for?, 'My wallet; I don't know where I____
it.'
A. have been putting
B. am putting
C. had put

D. was putting
E. have put

Pembahasan:
`What are you looking for?
'My wallet; I don't know where I ... it.'
'Apa yang Anda sedang cari?'
Dompet saya; saya tidak tahu di mana saya menyimpannya.'
Tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang telah berlangsung dan
buktinya masih terasa/ terlihat adalah present perfect tense (have/has +
V3).
Jawaban: E
13.

'Where is my dictionary? It was on my desk.' `Perhaps somebody

____
it.'
A. takes
B. has taken

D. had taken
E. would take

C. is taking
Pembahasan:
"Where is my dictionary? It was on my desk
"Perhaps somebody ... it
"Mana kamus saya? Tadi ada di meja."
"Mungkin seseorang ... kamus itu."
Bila kita hubungkan kalimat soal dengan pilihan yang ada kalimat soal
mengehandaki makna :"Mungkin seseorang telah mengambilnya.
Sesuatu yang telah terjadi (sekarang) diungkapkan dalam present perfect
(S + have/has + V3/been).
Jawaban: B
14.

We haven't heard from Didi for such a long time.

`We haven't either, since he . . . to Dili.'

A. moves

D. has moved

B. moved

E. had moved

C. was moving
Pembahasan:
`We haven't heard from Didi for such along time.'
`We haven't either, since he . . . to Dili.'
Main clause kalimat di atas berbentuk present perfect tense yang
menerangkan kegiatan dimulai waktu lampau dan hingga kini masih
berlangsung. Kata since (sejak) menerangkan awal dari kegiatan sehingga
untuk melengkapi keterangan waktu tersebut adalah dengan bentuk past
(moved).
Jawaban: B
15.

Anita is looking forward to her birthday because she . . . a new watch.

A. promised
B. has been promising

D. has been promised.

E. has promised

C. being promised
Pembahasan:
'Anita is looking forward to her birthday because she . . . a new watch'.
(Anita menanti-nanti ulang tahunnya karena dia ... sebuah jam tangan
baru). Pernyataan di atas menghendaki bentuk passive yang artinya telah
dijanjikan bukan telah menjanjikan. Jadi polanya menggunakan Present
Perfect passive S + have/has + been + V3. Pola ini dipenuhi oleh pilihan
(D): She has been promised a new watch'.
Jawaban: D
16.

My friend said, I have never seen such a good film".

From the above statement we may conclude that ....

A. it was the first time he went to see a, film
B. he seldom went to good movies
C. this is the best film he has ever seen
D. the film he saw was a bad one
E. he has never seen bad films before
Pembahasan:
`My friend said, 'I have never seen such a good film.'
From the above sentence we may concude that ...
Kalimat soal mempunyai arti 'Saya belum pernah melihat film sebagus
itu' mengandung pengertian bahwa itulah film terbaik yang pernah dia
tonton (This is the best film he has ever seen).
Jawaban: C
17.

Ronny : Are you going to watch the movie on TV tonight?

Deny : No, I think I'll watch the recent news. The recent news is news
that ....
A. tells us about things that have just happened
B. provides a lot of advertisements
C. is printed in capital letters
D. makes the viewers laugh
E. is very important
Pembahasan:
The recent news (berita terakhir) adalah berita yang memberikan segala
sesuatu yang baru saja terjadi (tells us about things that have just
happened)

Jawaban: A
18.

Rini : " ...

Rina : "for almost five years".
A. When did you study English?
B. How many years will you study English?
C. How long have you studied English?
D. When will you study English?
E. When do you study English?
Pembahasan:
"for almost five years". "For" di sini menunjukan lamanya waktu. Maka
pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan jawaban tersebut harus menyatakan
"berapa lama "?
Jawaban: C

19.

Ronald moved to this town last year.

We can say the he ... in this town for a year.
A. lives

D. had lived

B. lived

E. was living

C. has lived
Pembahasan:
Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi mulai di waktu lampau sampai
sekarang masih kita gunakan Present Perfect Tense = S + have/has +V3.
Jawaban: C
20.

Miss Rina...US English since 1989.

A. was teach

C. is going to teach

B.

has taught

D. taoght

Pembahasan:
Kalimat di atas mencerminkan kegiatan lampau dan masih berlangsung
sampai saat ini.
Jawaban: B