This document provides an overview of B2B sales of RapidRupee software in Nagpur, India. It discusses the objectives of studying the B2B sales and Indian brokerage industry. Key concepts discussed include investment, interest, stock exchanges, equity, derivatives, indexes, depositories, and dematerialization. The document also provides a company profile of Rupeeseed and analyzes the Indian brokerage industry and competition among firms. It aims to provide recommendations to help Rupeeseed improve its services and compete better in the industry.
This document provides an overview of B2B sales of RapidRupee software in Nagpur, India. It discusses the objectives of studying the B2B sales and Indian brokerage industry. Key concepts discussed include investment, interest, stock exchanges, equity, derivatives, indexes, depositories, and dematerialization. The document also provides a company profile of Rupeeseed and analyzes the Indian brokerage industry and competition among firms. It aims to provide recommendations to help Rupeeseed improve its services and compete better in the industry.
Original Description:
It contain the summer internship report of online stock broking company rupeeseed
This document provides an overview of B2B sales of RapidRupee software in Nagpur, India. It discusses the objectives of studying the B2B sales and Indian brokerage industry. Key concepts discussed include investment, interest, stock exchanges, equity, derivatives, indexes, depositories, and dematerialization. The document also provides a company profile of Rupeeseed and analyzes the Indian brokerage industry and competition among firms. It aims to provide recommendations to help Rupeeseed improve its services and compete better in the industry.
This document provides an overview of B2B sales of RapidRupee software in Nagpur, India. It discusses the objectives of studying the B2B sales and Indian brokerage industry. Key concepts discussed include investment, interest, stock exchanges, equity, derivatives, indexes, depositories, and dematerialization. The document also provides a company profile of Rupeeseed and analyzes the Indian brokerage industry and competition among firms. It aims to provide recommendations to help Rupeeseed improve its services and compete better in the industry.
SIP project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PGDM Programme
By Priyanka Tiwari 2013220
Supervisors: 1. Mr. Saurabh Patel 2. Dr. Jitendra Sharma
Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur 2013-15 2
Acknowledgement
This work is the outcome of constant encouragement and invaluable guidance of Mr. Saurabh Patel (Retail-Head, Rupeeseed) who not only acted as a mentor to me but also made me realize the various aspects of trading and investment solutions and steered me through the pool of problems.
I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Jitendra Sharma (Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur) whose guidance and suggestions helped me in completing this project. This project has provided me with valuable insights into the practical aspects of the product and its features.
I hope that Rupeeseed and IMT Nagpur are benefited from the conclusions and recommendations made by me in this report.
Priyanka Tiwari 2013220
3
Table of Contents
S. No. Title Page Number
1.
Introduction
5
2.
Objective of the study
6
3.
Brief description of the concepts / models introduced in the study
7
4.
Company Profile
10
5.
Company Analysis
14
6.
Methodology
16
7.
Conclusion
18
8.
Recommendations
19
9.
Limitations of the Study
20
10.
Scope for future improvements
21
11.
Appendices
22
12.
Bibliography
26
4
Introduction
B2B is short for business to business. It indicates sales made to other businesses, rather than sales to individuals. The latter is referred to as business to consumer sales. The process by which businesses employ a multi-layered strategy consisting of web communications, email, media campaigns, and relationship management for the purpose of converting targeted business prospects into customers.
B2B sales often take the form of one company selling supplies or components to another. Wholesalers often sell their products to retailers, who then turn around and sell them to consumers. Supermarkets are a classic example: they buy food from wholesalers and then sell it at a slightly higher price to individuals.
Business-to-business sales can also include services. Attorneys who take cases for business clients, accountant firms that help companies do their taxes, and technical consultants who set up networks and email are all examples of B2B service providers.The Indian retail brokerage market is showing phenomenal growth. Though the Indian trading industry has been consolidating over the past years, the share of top brokers has risen. In this fragmented market, leading players like ICICI Direct, Kotak Mahindra, Anand Rathi, Sharekhan, Indiabulls apart from many small players, compete on the basis of low brokerage fees and customer service.
The major growth drivers for the brokerage houses in terms of revenue and trading volume are as follows:
i. Continuous fall in brokerage fees. ii. Adoption of technology- Screen based trading, electronic matching and paperless securities. iii. Centralized operations, effective risk management and control on large interconnected operations scanning multiple locations. iv. Increasing access to capital and the ability to provide margin finance.
The evolution of exchanges in India in the last few years has led to a big change in functioning of brokerage companies. Brokerage for both retail and institutional customers now works in very different ways as compared with the status years ago. Brokerage today is a keenly competitive industry which can scale up to nationwide operations is a high technology driven activity and brokerage companies face considerable risks through bankruptcy on the part of their customers.
5
Recent Trends
i. Brokers are downsizing and cutting costs to remain profitable in the new screen based environment. ii. Brokers have much less loyalty to one particular exchange. iii. Large players are getting direct access to the futures markets therefore have less need for brokers. iv. There is increasing interest by brokers in harnessing their clearing services to generate profits from this sector. v. Micro brokers are growing. This has been through either a large brokerage service organization providing all administrative services for a number of smaller brokers or having a small broker buy a complete brokerage facility through internet and using this service to offer futures trading products. vi. Futures exchange and stock exchange are merging due to growing competition and need to get overhead competition costs down. vii. The old structures of member, membership organization and exchanges are disappearing. The center of a market is no longer the exchange but the multitude of dealing screens of brokers and end users dealing rooms.
Objective of the Study
The main objective of this internship was to sell RapidRupee software in Nagpur. As I got in to B2B sales I was required to build my own pipeline of targets and customers and sell the machines. There were various other aspects I worked on. I had to identify the scope and future potential on theRapidRupee. During my internship I also had to tell my mentor the main reasons which were stopping people from accepting this so there were various barriers I had to identify and think of ways to overcome them and increase the sales of the Software.
I also had to analyze the Indian retail brokerage industry, taking into account the capital markets and the intensity of competition among the brokerage houses.
Rupeeseed, being a new entrant in the brokerage industry, is struggling hard to make its mark in the industry. Although the company is providing various products and services to its clients, however the company, with the reference of this report, can improve upon its services which would enable it to compete with the existing as well as well established firms in the industry.
The Indian brokerage industry is driven by many factors such as decreasing brokerage charges,more personalized services to the clients, use of technological advances. Since the brokerage industry is a complete service based industry, hence the report will enable the company to attract more customers as well as improve their service to attract more prospective clients in the future.
6
Brief description of the concepts / models introduced in the study
Investment
The money you earn is partly spent and the rest saved for meeting future expenses. Instead of keeping the savings idle you may like to use savings in order to get return on it in the future. This is called Investment.
Why invest?
One needs to invest to: earn return on your idle resources generate a specified sum of money for a specific goal in life make a provision for an uncertain future One of the important reasons why one needs to invest wisely is to meet the cost of Inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the cost of living increases.The cost of living is simply what it costs to buy the goods and services you need to live. Inflation causes money to lose value because it will not buy the same amount of a good or a service in the future as it does now or did in the past.
Interest
When we borrow money, we are expected to pay for using it this is known as Interest. Interest is an amount charged to the borrower for the privilege of using the lenders money.
Various options available for investment
Physical assets like real estate, gold/jewellery, commodities etc. Financial assets such as fixed deposits with banks, small saving instruments with post offices, insurance/provident/pension fund etc. or securities market related instruments like shares, bonds,debentures etc. Stock Exchange
The Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 [SCRA] defines Stock Exchange as anybody of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying, selling or dealing in securities. Stock exchange could be a regional stock exchange whose area of operation/jurisdiction is specified at the time of its recognition or national exchanges, which are permitted to have nationwide trading since inception. NSE was incorporated as a national stock exchange.
Equity/Share
Total equity capital of a company is divided into equal units of small denominations, each called a share. The holders of such shares are members of the company and have voting rights.
7
Derivative
Derivative is a product whose value is derived from the value of one or more basic variables, called underlying. The underlying asset can be equity, index, foreign exchange (forex), commodity or any other asset.
Index
An Index shows how a specified portfolio of share prices are moving in order to give an indication of market trends. It is a basket of securities and the average price movement of the basket of securities indicates the index movement, whether upwards or downwards.
Depository
A depository is like a bank wherein the deposits are securities (viz. shares, debentures, bonds, government securities, units etc.) in electronic form.
Dematerialization
Dematerialization is the process by which physical certificates of an investor are converted to an equivalent number of securities in electronic form and credited to the investors account with his Depository Participant (DP).
Securities
The definition of Securities as per the Securities Contracts Regulation Act (SCRA), 1956, includes instruments such as shares, bonds, scrips, stocks or other marketable securities of similar nature in or of any incorporate company or body corporate, government securities, derivatives of securities, units of collective investment scheme, interest and rights in securities, security receipt or any other instruments so declared by the Central Government.
Which are the securities one can invest in?
Shares Government Securities Derivative products Units of Mutual Funds etc., are some of the securities investors in the securities market can invest in.
Why does Securities Market need Regulators?
The absence of conditions of perfect competition in the securities market makes the role of the Regulator extremely important. The regulator ensures that the market participants behave in a desired manner so that securities market continues to be a major source of finance for corporate and government and the interest of investors are protected.
8
Who regulates the Securities Market?
The responsibility for regulating the securities market is shared by Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Department of Company Affairs (DCA), Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
SEBI and Its role
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority in India established under Section 3 of SEBI Act, 1992. SEBI Act,1992 provides for establishment of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) with statutory powers for: (a) protecting the interests of investors in securities (b) promoting the development of the securities market (c) regulating the securities market. Its regulatory jurisdiction extends over corporates in the issuance of capital and transfer of securities, in addition to all intermediaries and persons associated with securities market.
SEBI has been obligated to perform the aforesaid functions by such measures as it thinks fit. In particular, it has powers for:
Regulating the business in stock exchanges and any other securities markets Registering and regulating the working of stock brokers, subbrokers etc. Promoting and regulating self-regulatory organizations Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices Calling for information from, undertaking inspection, conducting inquiries and audits of the stock exchanges, intermediaries, self regulatory organizations, mutual funds and other persons associated with the securities market. Primary Market
A market that issues new securities on an exchange. Companies, governments and other groups obtain financing through debt or equity based securities. Primary markets are facilitated by underwriting groups, which consist of investment banks that will set a beginning price range for a given security and then oversee its sale directly to investors.
Secondary Markets
A market where investors purchase securities or assets from other investors, rather than from issuing companies themselves. The national exchanges - such as the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ are secondary markets.
Futures
A financial contract obligating the buyer to purchase an asset (or the seller to sell an asset), such as a physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a predetermined future date and price. Futures contracts detail the quality and quantity of the underlying asset; they are standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. Some futures contracts may call for physical delivery of the asset, while others are settled in cash. The futures markets are characterized by the ability to use very high leverage relative to stock markets. 9
Options
A financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (option writer) to another party (option holder). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date).
Face Value of a share/debenture
The nominal or stated amount (in Rs.) assigned to a security by the issuer.For shares, it is the original cost of the stock shown on the certificate; for bonds, it is the amount paid to the holder at maturity. Also known as par value or simply par. For an equity share, the face value is usually a very small amount (Rs. 5, Rs. 10) and does not have much bearing on the price of the share, which may quote higher in the market, at Rs. 100 or Rs. 1000 or any other price. For a debt security, face value is the amount repaid to the investor when the bond matures.
Premium and Discount in a Security Market
Securities are generally issued in denominations of 5, 10 or 100. This is known as the Face Value or Par Value of the security as discussed earlier. When a security is sold above its face value, it is said to be issued at a Premium and if it is sold at less than its face value, then it is said to be issued at a Discount.
10
Company Profile
The company Rupeeseed offers all financial products to our clients.
It is an analytics driven trading software. Rapidrupee is a very intuitive and feature rich trading terminal which gives the real trading edge to you. For the first time in India we have a trading system which correlates the historical data and the current market data to show you the real opportunities.
Rapidrupee is meant for well informed traders and dealers. rapidrupee is a new Analytics driven trading platform meant to give traders and edge. It combines intraday and historical data and has elaborate charts and technical analysis studies.
With rapidrupee you can view your holdings, trade records, do real time fund transfer and much more. rapidrupee has a smart live scanner and trend scanner which captures the opportunities and shows it to the user the very second the event happens. Our users vouch for the ease and effectiveness of Rapid Rupee.
11
There are various features in this software which adds to its value.
Live Scanner This gives the live idea of the market in the duration selected by the user.
Trend Scanner This scans the market for symbols showing Bullish and Bearish trends. Users can select from any of the four Bullish and bearish trends defined in the software.
Resistance& Support Level Symbols Watch This displays all symbols breaching resistance or support levels. The symbols move in and out of the watch list dynamically based on defined criteria. It can be filtered further by an Index or watch list group.
Intra-day Recovery/Fall This tool displays the top20 stocks that have recovered most from the day low and top20 stocks that have fallen most from day high.
Unusual volume It scans the market for stocks that are trading in the positive or negative territory with unusually high volumes. Unusual volumes are defined as1.5 times the average daily trading volume for past14 trading sessions.
Only Buyers& Only Sellers This window displays those stocks that have either only buyers or only sellers.
Heat map This tool presents a picture of the Market by Sectors based on aggregate Market cap of symbols in each sector and the average change percentage.
End of day Reports This tool helps the user generate the asked reports about the company market situation by the end of day.
Resistance& Support LevelSymbols Resistance and Support levels of all symbols of the selected watch list (companies) can be seen in a tabular format.
Watch Lists A Watchlist is a collection of Stocks. It displays the stocks of the selected companies in the list.
12
MobiRupee Mobirupee is an advanced mobile trading application which is available in Android as well as BlackBerry. It will be available very soon in Windows mobile and Iphone. This app provides all the features available in Online Web Platform in your mobile. You can trade wherever you go. With Mobirupee information and real time quotes as well as all market news are available on your finger tips.
RupeeLite Rupeelite is meant for those users who want quick access via mobile or desktop. Rupeelite is also good for places where the internet bandwidth is very slow, even if the bandwidth is less than 128 KBPS.
It has all the features as in Online web Platform minus the rich colors and images.
Rupeeseed.com www.rupeeseed.com provides the online web platform for easy access of the markets. The user interface design and the technology architecture has created a very elegant combination which not only has the rich interface with most easy navigation but also have a robust and strong technology ensuring a quick access, uptime and stability and live streaming quotes. This online web platform is highly recommended for the first time users as it helps the initial users to place their orders in very simple as well as in efficient manner. The portfolio section then keeps a tab on the amount invested and the total collection as on date with the money what has been made. All ledger reports and contract notes are available in one single click.
Rupeeseed online web platform has been designed to ensure that you get all the information whatever is needed by you in the quickest possible manner with minimal clicks. Our web platform stands apart in terms of simplicity, rich interface and the relevant info which we provide to our clients.
Charting and Analysis Rupeeseed Trading Platforms provide in-depth technical analysis and studies. Get historical data in a single click. Our historical data handling ensure that you have negligible wait time while accessing historical data.
Charts provide a graphical representation of the stock movement during the day. It allows users to see different types of price and volume charts for the day drawn at an interval of a minute. Users can select any point on the chart to see the following values in a small pop-up: Time, open, high, low, close and volume. Advanced charts support various line studies and technical indicators. 13
Making Franchisee
Franchisee is the party in a franchising agreement that is purchasing the right to use a business's trademarks, associated brands and other proprietary knowledge in order to open a branch. In addition to paying an annual franchising fee to the underlying company, the franchisee must also pay a portion of its profits to the franchisor. In a simple term franchisee are channel partners or sub-brokers. They are one of the key intermediaries which reach out to investors and advice them on investments. Franchisees are also known as authorized person. A franchisee can be an individual, Sole proprietorship firm, partnership firm or a company registered under the companies act. If a franchisee is already registered with some other broker then on that name a new franchisee account cannot be taken. In such scenarios ask the franchisee to take sub broker-ship in the name of a family member or partnership firms.
Types of Franchisees: Most of the franchisees are traders who trade based on news and information and advice their clients also to trade. The more the trade, the more the brokerage hence revenue.
Some franchisee act as financial advisors and they do portfolio management for clients. They diversify the clients portfolio and invest across various asset classes.
Some franchisees are big clients who do their own trading and trading for their own group (family and friends).
There exists a different type of franchisee called master-franchisee. They earn their revenue by bringing in more franchisees under their network. The sharing for master-franchisee is different. They are paid not more than30%of the share of commission which the broker earns from the franchisee under the master-franchisee.
14
Company Analysis
Rupeeseed
Rupeeseed is the first online trading system in india available in both English and Hindi. It is an online share trading platform which is usable by both layman and advanced users. Rupeeseed primarily focuses to provide qualitative and quantitative features which will assist them in decision making while share trading. The systematic approach implemented in Rupeeseed Online share trading software will ensure our clients chances of making profitable trade. Our simple and concise online software will make your share trading process a different experience. The online transactions through our website will be highly secured. We have also implemented online demo pages for the customers to navigate so that they get a clear cut picture about our online share trading software. Rupeeseed offers trading in NSE Equity, NSE Derivatives and BSE Equity.
SWOT analysis of Rupeeseed
Strength
Complete shop of investment options Strong Research Team Analytics driven trading- no tip or expert opinion required Indian Exposure of Acumen group Link with various banks eases performance Focus on performance Simple and profitable experience.
Weakness
Low aggression in Marketing activities Customer care service is not up to the mark Opportunites
Increasing GDP Growth rate implies more consumption and more money for investment. Increasing work pressure hence increasing requirements of someone who can manage investments in a better way Increasing interest and confidence in Indian Stock Exchange for both domestic as well as foreign investors. Government policies are in tune with the growth of financial sector.
Threats
Increasing Competition Fluctuation of stock market Recession
15
Methodology
Prospecting
Searching for prospects and leads prospecting is an essential part of a sales cycle it is a separate form of activity and should be focused upon to produce a quality list of potential buyers to enable to start the sales process. It helps in achieving long term success in sales. I spent a lot of time in prospecting. My mentor had given me different regions in Nagpur, which I had to visit. I kept 2 days a week for cold calling my prospects.
I used various methods to prospect for new clients.
Cold calling via telephone-My mentor assigned me specific regions on a daily basis. We were targeting sub brokers.
Door to door cold calling this technique implies calling face-to-face for the first time without an appointment at Offices. In essence cold calling is the art of approaching someone, professionally, openly and meaningfully, with a sensible proposition. I went directly to companies without any prior appointment at times. A lot of times I couldnt get through the sub brokers on the phone because of which I had to go meet them and the other times we walked in straight and spoke to them. If the meeting went right they would agree to meet me again. This helped me in building stronger relationships.
Asking for referrals Sub-brokers, who were interested in buying Rapid Rupee, would recommend this to their sub broker friends. Some strong leads were generated through these referrals.
The prospecting method used was quiet simple. A study suggests that you have 18 seconds to capture someones attention and an additional 100 seconds to convince them why they should continue a conversation or schedule a follow-up call or meeting. I was trained by Rupeeseed manager about the software and my mentor explained me a few questions the customers generally ask. So when I met a prospect I would give them a brief company introduction and then tell them about why they should shift to RapidRupee and explain them the features of the same. I used various mediums to contact them and keep in touch mostly it included via telephone, email and visiting them personally.
16
Targeting
Deciding how to allocate their time between prospects and customers. As we had broadly decided on Sub brokers , our target market was really clear. I started with targeting all big sub brokers but I soon realized that they had already purchased other softwares and are unwilling to change. This gave me an idea of another target customers I could approach these being the new sub brokers coming up.
Communicating
Communicating information about the companys product and services. The various mediums used by me helped in staying in touch with my potential target throughout. I was meeting potential customers on a daily basis. I used to call the targets that showed interest in the software on a regular basis to remind them about our product. To make them understand our product in the best possible way we used to demonstrate the working of the software in front of them and make a demo account for them which was free of cost and active for seven days so that they can themselves access it and check for themselves.
Selling
There are various steps involved in a successful selling process. Such as approaching, presenting, answering questions, overcoming objections and closing sales through out the internship this step was of at most importance. This software is a bit expensive so clients were a little apprehensive of purchasing it. My selling approach was methodological. My mentor helped me with this. I used to first approach the respective clients and then there was product presentation. Product presentation basically meant explaining the product its features, benefits and needs. The prospects always had a lot of questions about its working process and the technology involved in it. I had to be very thorough with my knowledge of the same. There were always a lot of negotiations on the final price of the Software.
17
Conclusion
The SIP done by me at Rupeeseed has been a great learning experience. Working as a B2B sales person has given me an insight into the marketing of an organization.
Following are few of my observations:
While doing the sales job, many were not aware of Rupeeseed brand and its services.
Investors are showing a greater inclination towards investment in the capital markets either individually or through mutual funds. They perceive mutual funds as less risky because of their professional managers.
Many investors want to invest in capital markets but they dont have time to keep a check on their portfolio all the time. This is where Rupeeseed can help as you dont have to check on it all the time and can set buy and sell price as per your wish.
This SIP was very helpful in learning the deep insights and concepts of financial markets. The knowledge I gathered helped me to advice my clients in a better way
18
Recommendations
Here are some important recommendations and suggestions to the organization based on the experience gained by me. I hope organization finds it useful.
Brokerage This is considered as one of the most important factors that drives the brokerage industry. During meeting with the sub brokers it was realized that the brokerage rate is a little high from few others. .Rupeeseed being a new entrant in the industry must reduce it to attract more clients.
Promotion This has become a very important mantra for the success of any business. Rupeeseed has not promoted its products as other firms do because of which awareness is not there and attracting new customers is much more difficult.
Print Media, Electronic Media etc can be easily used for the promotion purposes.
New Schemes Though the degree of differentiation in these products is low in this industry, so Rupeeseed can attract new customers by introducing new and innovative schemes like targeting housewives who have a substantial amount of saving and want to spend somewhere to get good returns. Schemes targeted to college students as well as small shopkeepers can give Rupeeseed an edge over others.
Corporate Tie-ups The organization can focus on more and more corporate tie-ups and employees of those organizations can be targeted. This helps the company in building good relationship with their employees, our organization in generating business and the employees will get services at their doorstep without any effort.
Knowledge Workshops Relationship managers have direct contact with the investor and it is them who recommend them to invest in a particular way. It is very important that they should have proper knowledge about the market, various investment options in full detail. So, it is recommended that the company can have knowledge workshops every weekend to build the knowledge and exposure of the relationship manager.
19
Limitations
Stated below are the limitations of the project taken up by me.
Time Limit
The time available for the project was just 2 months and this field is too vast. There are so many stocks, Mutual funds, policies, real estate etc. to study and number of sub brokers to visit in this duration which was very difficult to convert and give services in this duration.
Fluctuations
At the time of my SIP, market was fluctuating a lot because of which sub brokers were very apprehensive of buying this software as well as were de-motivating me for trying to sell it.
Acceptability
The software is not easily accepted as Rupeeseed being a late entrant although better than many other softwares, was poorly accepted because sub brokers were already satisfied with the existing software they had.
Lack of Decision Making power
Maximum sub brokers in Nagpur area are representatives of big firms around. They dont have the power of decision making for the company to change software or make franchisee. Even though they liked the product, they recommended it to their friends but could not buy it.
20
Scope for future improvements
In the Indian retail brokerage industry, the regulatory framework and investing guidelines have been clearly stated by SEBI. The brokerage firms compete with each other on the basis of few factors such as
Brokerage Charges Technological Advances Providing personalized services to the clients etc. However, some other factors remain uncovered.
Greatness of Research data
Clients still have not been able to fully trust the tips given by the research development of Rupeeseed. While interacting with them I found out that they wont trust one single analytics for all the components involved. This can b improved by giving the best in every field in a single platform.
Number of Branches in the Country
The increase in number of outlets across the country would give rise to high brand recognition and also creation of brand equity. Since the company is a new entrant, it is very important for the company to promote its products and services, as well as increase its brand awareness.
Gearing towards frequent visitor
The main stress of business at the present stage is concentrating on the number of accounts of the existing clients. However many of them may not be active. Thus more emphasis should be laid in future on concentrating on frequent investors and also reactivating off dead accounts lying with the office.