INA138 INA168

SBOS122C DECEMBER 1999 REVISED NOVEMBER 2005

High-Side Measurement CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR

FEATURES
G COMPLETE UNIPOLAR HIGH-SIDE CURRENT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT G WIDE SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE RANGE G INA138: 2.7V to 36V G INA168: 2.7V to 60V G INDEPENDENT SUPPLY AND INPUT COMMONMODE VOLTAGES G SINGLE RESISTOR GAIN SET G LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (25A typ) G WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE: 40C to +125C G SOT23-5 PACKAGE

DESCRIPTION
The INA138 and INA168 are high-side, unipolar, current shunt monitors. Wide input common-mode voltage range, low quiescent current, and tiny SOT23 packaging enable use in a variety of applications. Input common-mode and power-supply voltages are independent and can range from 2.7V to 36V for the INA138 and 2.7V to 60V for the INA168. Quiescent current is only 25A, which permits connecting the power supply to either side of the current measurement shunt with minimal error. The device converts a differential input voltage to a current output. This current is converted back to a voltage with an external load resistor that sets any gain from 1 to over 100. Although designed for current shunt measurement, the circuit invites creative applications in measurement and level shifting. Both the INA138 and INA168 are available in SOT23-5 and are specified for the 40C to +125C temperature range.

APPLICATIONS
G CURRENT SHUNT MEASUREMENT: Automotive, Telephone, Computers G PORTABLE AND BATTERY-BACKUP SYSTEMS G BATTERY CHARGERS G POWER MANAGEMENT G CELL PHONES G PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE

RS VIN+ Up To 60V 3 VIN+ 5k 4 VIN 5k

IS

Load

V+ 5

OUT GND 2 1 RL

VO = ISRSRL/5k

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Copyright 1999-2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated

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PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION(1)
PACKAGE DESIGNATOR DBV SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE 40C to +125C PACKAGE MARKING B38 ORDERING NUMBER INA138NA/250 INA138NA/3K INA168NA/250 INA168NA/3K TRANSPORT MEDIA, QUANTITY Tape and Reel, 250 Tape and Reel, 3000 Tape and Reel, 250 Tape and Reel, 3000

PRODUCT INA138

PACKAGE-LEAD SOT23-5 Surface-Mount

"
INA168

"
SOT23-5 Surface-Mount

"
DBV

"
40C to +125C

"
A68

"

"

"

"

"

NOTE: (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)

Supply Voltage, V+ INA138 ............................................................................... 0.3V to 60V INA168 ............................................................................... 0.3V to 75V Analog Inputs, VIN+, VIN INA138 Common Mode(2) ............................................................ 0.3V to 60V Differential (VIN+) (VIN) .................................................. 40V to 2V INA168 Common Mode(2) ............................................................ 0.3V to 75V Differential (VIN+) (VIN) .................................................. 40V to 2V Analog Output, Out(2) ........................................................... 0.3V to 40V Input Current Into Any Pin ............................................................... 10mA Operating Temperature .................................................. 55C to +150C Storage Temperature ..................................................... 65C to +150C Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150C NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. (2) The input voltage at any pin may exceed the voltage shown if the current at that pin is limited to 10mA.

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY

This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.

PIN CONFIGURATION
Top View SOT23

OUT GND VIN+

1 2 3

V+

VIN

INA138, INA168
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SBOS122C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = 40C to +125C.
All other characteristics at TA = +25C, VS = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and ROUT = 125k, unless otherwise noted. INA138NA PARAMETER INPUT Full-Scale Sense Voltage Common-Mode Input Range Common-Mode Rejection Offset Voltage(1) Over Temperature vs Temperature vs Power Supply, V+ Input Bias Current vs Temperature OUTPUT Transconductance Over Temperature vs Temperature Nonlinearity Error Total Output Error Over Temperature Output Impedance Voltage Output Swing to Power Supply, V+ Swing to Common Mode, VCM FREQUENCY RESPONSE Bandwidth Settling Time (0.1%) TA = +25C, VSENSE = 10mV 150mV VSENSE = 100mV VSENSE = 10mV to 150mV VSENSE = 100mV CONDITION VSENSE = VIN+ VIN VIN+ = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV VIN+ = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV 2.7 100 MIN TYP 100 120 100 0.2 1 0.1 2 10 1 2 10 0.1 10 120 MAX 500 36 MIN INA168NA TYP MAX 60 UNITS mV V dB dB mV mV V/C V/V V/V A A A/V

V = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV V = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV

198 196

200 10 0.01 0.5 2.5 1 || 5

202 204 0.1 2

A/V nA/C
% % % G || pF V V

(V+) 0.8 (V+) 1.0 VCM 0.5 VCM 0.8 ROUT = 5k ROUT = 125k 5V Step, ROUT = 5k 5V Step, ROUT = 125k 800 32 1.8 30

kHz kHz s s pA/Hz nA RMS

NOISE Output-Current Noise Density Total Output-Current Noise POWER SUPPLY Operating Range, V+ Quiescent Current Over Temperature TEMPERATURE RANGE Specification, TMIN to TMAX Operating Storage Thermal Resistance specification same as INA138NA

BW = 100kHz

9 3

2.7 TA = +25C, VSENSE = 0, IO = 0 25

36 45 60

60

V A A C C C C/W

40 55 65

125 150 150 200

JA

NOTE: (1) Defined as the amount of input voltage, VSENSE, to drive the output to zero.

INA138, INA168
SBOS122C

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At TA = +25C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125k, unless otherwise noted.

GAIN vs FREQUENCY 40 RL = 500k 30 RL = 50k 20

Gain (dB) Common-Mode Rejection (dB)

COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 120 100 80 G = 10 60 G=1 40 20 0 G = 100

10 0 10 CL = 10nF 20 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M Frequency (Hz) CL = 1nF CL = 100pF RL = 5k

0.1

10

100 Frequency (Hz)

1k

10k

100k

POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 140 5

TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs VIN 55C VIN = (VIN+ VIN)

Power-Supply Rejection (dB)

120 G = 100 100 G = 10 80 G=1 60 40 20 1 10 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10k 100k 15 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 VIN (mV)

Total Output Error (%)

5 +25C 10

+150C

TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 Output error is essentially independent of both V+ supply voltage and input common-mode voltage. G=1 G = 10 1 G = 25
50

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE

Quiescent Current (A)

Total Output Error (%)

40

+150 +125

30

+25 55 Use INA168 with (V+) > 36V

20

10

2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Power-Supply Voltage (V)

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Power-Supply Voltage (V)

INA138, INA168
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SBOS122C

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(Cont.)

At TA = +25C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125k, unless otherwise noted.

STEP RESPONSE 200mV G=1 100mV 50mV/div 100mV G=1 0mV G = 10 0V G = 25 0V

STEP RESPONSE

1V/div

500mV/div

10s/div

10s/div

OPERATION
Figure 1 illustrates the basic circuit diagram for both the INA138 and INA168. Load current IS is drawn from supply VS through shunt resistor RS. The voltage drop in shunt resistor VS is forced across RG1 by the internal op amp, causing current to flow into the collector of Q1. External resistor RL converts the output current to a voltage, VOUT, at the OUT pin. The transfer function for the INA138 is: IO = gm (VIN+ VIN ) where gm = 200A/V. In the circuit of Figure 1, the input voltage, (VIN+ VIN ), is equal to IS RS and the output voltage, VOUT, is equal to IO RL. The transconductance, gm, of the INA138 is 200A/V. The complete transfer function for the current measurement amplifier in this application is: VOUT = (IS) (RS) (200A/V) (RL) (2) (1)

is achieved with the output voltage measured directly across RL. This is especially important in high-current systems where load current could flow in the ground connections, affecting the measurement accuracy. No power-supply bypass capacitors are required for stability of the INA138. However, applications with noisy or highimpedance power supplies may require decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise. Connect bypass capacitors close to the device pins.

POWER SUPPLIES
The input circuitry of the INA138 can accurately measure beyond its power-supply voltage, V+. For example, the V+ power supply can be 5V, whereas the load power supply voltage is up to +36V (or +60V with the INA168). The output voltage range of the OUT terminal, however, is limited by the lesser of the two voltages (see Output Voltage Range section).

SELECTING RS AND RL
The value chosen for the shunt resistor, RS, depends on the application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of RS provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, while low values of RS minimize voltage loss in the supply line. For most applications, best performance is attained with an RS value that provides a full-scale shunt voltage range of 50mV to 100mV. Maximum input voltage for accurate measurements is 500mV. RL is chosen to provide the desired full-scale output voltage. The output impedance of the INA138 OUT terminal is very high which permits using values of RL up to 500k with excellent accuracy. The input impedance of any additional circuitry at the output should be much higher than the value of RL to avoid degrading accuracy.

The maximum differential input voltage for accurate measurements is 0.5V, which produces a 100A output current. A differential input voltage of up to 2V will not cause damage. Differential measurements (pins 3 and 4) must be unipolar with a more-positive voltage applied to pin 3. If a morenegative voltage is applied to pin 3, the output current, IO, will be zero, but it will not cause damage.

BASIC CONNECTION
Figure 1 shows the basic connection of the INA138. The input pins, VIN+ and VIN , should be connected as closely as possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in series with the shunt resistance. The output resistor, RL, is shown connected between pin 1 and ground. Best accuracy

INA138, INA168
SBOS122C

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VP Load Power Supply +2.7 to 36V(1)

Shunt RS VIN+ VIN 4

IS

V+ power can be common or V+ independent of load supply. 2.7 (V+) 36V(1) 5

3 RG1 5k

Load RG2 5k

Q1

VOLTAGE GAIN 1 2 5 10 20 50 100

EXACT RL () 5k 10k 25k 50k 100k 250k 500k

NEAREST 1% RL () 4.99k 10k 24.9k 49.9k 100k 249k 499k

INA138 2

OUT 1 I0 RL

+ VO

NOTE: (1) Maximum VP and V+ voltage is 60V with INA168.

FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections. Some Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters have input impedances that will significantly affect measurement gain. The input impedance of the A/D converter can be included as part of the effective RL if its input can be modeled as a resistor to ground. Alternatively, an op amp can be used to buffer the A/D converter input. Figure 1 shows the recommended values of RL.

BANDWIDTH
Measurement bandwidth is affected by the value of the load resistor, RL. High gain produced by high values of RL will yield a narrower measurement bandwidth (see Typical Characteristics). For widest possible bandwidth, keep the capacitive load on the output to a minimum. Reduction in bandwidth due to capacitive load is shown in the Typical Characteristics. If bandwidth limiting (filtering) is desired, a capacitor can be added to the output (see Figure 3). This will not cause instability.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

The output of the INA138 is a current, which is converted to a voltage by the load resistor, RL. The output current remains accurate within the compliance voltage range of the output circuitry. The shunt voltage and the input common-mode and power-supply voltages limit the maximum possible output swing. The maximum output voltage compliance is limited by the lower of the two equations below: Vout
max

APPLICATIONS
The INA138 is designed for current shunt measurement circuits, as shown in Figure 1, but its basic function is useful in a wide range of circuitry. A creative engineer will find many unforeseen uses in measurement and level shifting circuits. A few ideas are illustrated in Figures 2 through 7.

= (V+) 0.7V (VIN+ VIN) or Vout

max

(3)

= VIN 0.5V

(4)

(whichever is lower)

INA138, INA168
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IS

4 f3dB

INA138 OPA340

INA138
ZIN

1 f3dB = 2RLCL VO RL CL

RL

Buffer of amp drives A/D converter without affecting gain.

FIGURE 2. Buffering Output to Drive an A/D Converter.

FIGURE 3. Output Filter.

VR

V+

INA138

R1 1 R2 VO

INA138

REF200 100A 1 RL VO

Output Offset =

Gain Set by R1 R2 (VR)R2 R1 + R 2

Gain Set by RL Output Offset = (100A)(RL) (independent of V+) b) Using current source.

a) Using resistor divider.

FIGURE 4. Offsetting the Output Voltage.

1A
1

Charger

+5V 5 48V

5k

5k 5

+5V Load

INA168 1 IN4148 2

INA168 2 IN4148 1 Comparator SIGN

10k

10k

0V to 1V VO

100k

FIGURE 5. Bipolar Current Measurement.

INA138, INA168
SBOS122C

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V+

RS

4 +5V

+5V 5 5

+5V

REFOUT BUFIN

BUFOUT

Digital I/O

REF

BUF

INA138 1 2

INA138 2 1 MUX PGIA 12-Bit A/D Converter

RL 25k

RL 25k

Clock Divider Oscillator

Serial I/O

ADS7870

A/D converter programmed for differential input. Depending on polarity of current, one INA138 provides an output voltage, the output of the other is zero.

FIGURE 6. Bipolar Current Measurement Using Differential Input of A/D Converter.

Other INA168s Digital I/O on the ADS7870 provides power to select the desired INA168. Diodes prevent output current of the on INA168 from flowing into the off INA168. INA168 V+

+5V REFOUT BUFIN BUFOUT

Digital I/O INA168 V+

REF

BUF

MUX IN4148

PGIA

12-Bit A/D Converter

RL

Clock Divider Oscillator

Serial I/O

ADS7870

FIGURE 7. Multiplexed Measurement Using Logic Signal for Power.

INA138, INA168
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SBOS122C

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

18-Sep-2008

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device INA138NA/250 INA138NA/250G4 INA138NA/3K INA138NA/3KG4 INA168NA/250 INA168NA/250G4 INA168NA/3K INA168NA/3KG4
(1)

Status (1) ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE

Package Type SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23

Package Drawing DBV DBV DBV DBV DBV DBV DBV DBV

Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 250 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

Lead/Ball Finish CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU

MSL Peak Temp (3) Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Level-2-260C-1 YEAR

3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 250 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF INA138, INA168 : Automotive: INA138-Q1, INA168-Q1 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

18-Sep-2008

Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects

Addendum-Page 2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 31-Aug-2011

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Package Pins Type Drawing SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 DBV DBV DBV DBV 5 5 5 5

SPQ

Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 178.0 178.0 178.0 178.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23

B0 (mm) 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.17

K0 (mm) 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37

P1 (mm) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3

INA138NA/250 INA138NA/3K INA168NA/250 INA168NA/3K

250 3000 250 3000

Pack Materials-Page 1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 31-Aug-2011

*All dimensions are nominal

Device INA138NA/250 INA138NA/3K INA168NA/250 INA168NA/3K

Package Type SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23

Package Drawing DBV DBV DBV DBV

Pins 5 5 5 5

SPQ 250 3000 250 3000

Length (mm) 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0

Width (mm) 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0

Height (mm) 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0

Pack Materials-Page 2

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