Social Constructivism
Social Constructivism
Social Constructivism
Learning is an active process occurring within and influenced by the learner as much as by the instructor and the school. From this perspective, learning outcomes do not depend on what the teacher presents. Rather, they are an interactive result of what information is encountered and how the student processes it based on perceived knowledge. All learning is dependent upon language and communication. Robert E Yager (1991)
Social constructivism
Zone of Proximal Development: the gap between what a learner can achieve with assistance from a more knowledgeable other with his achievement if he learnt on his own.
Zone of proximal development Learning with more knowledgeable other
Learning independently
Knowledge: To social constructivists, knowledge is also a human product, and is socially and culturally constructed. Individuals create meaning through their interactions with each other and with the environment they live in.
Cooperative learning
Social constructivism stress the need for collaboration among students and practitioners For younger students, cooperative learning is more suitable
Cooperative learning
For cooperative learning to be effective, the following factors must be present: Mutual dependence or positive interdependence: Group members perceive they need each other to accomplish a task
Cooperative learning
1. Individual accountability: each member is responsible for completing the assigned tasks, mastering the material and explaining the work to the class 2. Face to face interaction:
group members sit together to discuss and teach what they know to other members students need to develop listening, respecting others, sharing responsibility