The Coffee

The Coffee - Short History
The history and development of the beverage that we know as coffee is varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political intrigue, and the pursuit of wealth and power. According to one story the effect of coffee beans on behavior was noticed by a sheep herder named Kaldi as he tended his sheep. He noticed that the sheep became hyper-active after eating the red "cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures. He tried a few himself, and was soon as overactive as his herd. The story relates that a monk happened by and scolded him for "partaking of the devil's fruit." However the monks soon discovered that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help them stay awake for their prayers. Another legend gives us the name for coffee or "mocha". An Arabian was banished to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Their survival was taken as a religious sign by the residents of the nearest town, Mocha. The plant and its beverage were named Mocha to honor this event. One early use for coffee would have little appeal today. The Galla tribe from Ethiopia used coffee, but not as a drink. They would wrap the beans in animal fat as their only source of nutrition while on raiding parties. The Turks were the first country to adopt it as a drink, often adding spices such as clove, cinnamon, cardamom and anise to the brew. Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia whose inhabitants believed it to be a delicacy and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. Transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations was forbidden by the government. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled beans to some mountains near Mysore, India and started a farm there. Early in this century the descendants of those original plan were found still growing fruitfully in the region. Coffee was believed by some Christians to be the devil's drink. Pope Vincent III heard this and decided to taste it before he banished it. He enjoyed it so much he baptized it, saying "coffee is so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it." Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export. Coffee Timeline:

> 5 AD The coffee was discovered in Ethiopia. 700-1000 Coffee was first known by the Arabs as an energy drink . The spread of coffee was started simultaneously with the spread of Islam. 1000 Ibn Sina investigated the chemical substance of coffee. 1400 The spread of coffee and coffee shops rapidly in the Arabian peninsula, especially Mecca and Medina. 1453 Coffee was introduced in Constantinople by the Turks (Ottoman Caliphate). Coffee shop which was first recorded there, named Kiva Han, which opened in 1475.
1600 Pope Clement VIII, confirmed to consider that the 'coffee culture' is a heresy, 'foreign culture' that can threaten the (infidel) and therefore sinful for those who drink it. But then he allowed if the 'coffee' into the (alternative) from the food / beverages are kosher eaten by a Christian. In that year, the coffee was brought from Mekkah to India (Asia Minor)by a man named Baba Budan when pilgrims return from Mekkah .. 1645 The first coffee shop opened in Venice, Italy. 1650 The first coffee shop opened in Christian countries (Christendom) precisely in the Oxford. 1668 Coffee began to be known in North America. 1690: With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch become the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in Ceylon and in their East Indian colony - Java, source of the brew's nickname. 1727 Francisco de Ello brings coffee beans from France for planting in Brazil. 1904 espresso machine made modern by Fernando Milly. 1906 Brazil raises coffee prices after creating the price (exchange rate) fixed for the commodity coffee. 1910 Germany makes decaf coffee (caffeine in coffee substance reduction to a minimum), Dan was introduced to America by the name Dekafa. 1920 coffee shop 'new' booming in America. 1927 espresso coffee machines were first introduced in America. The first coffee shop wearing 'La Pavoni' in New York. Machine is specially designed by renowned Italian architect Gio Ponti. 1938 Cremonesi: a piston pump that can spray hot water with high speed to brew coffee. 1938 Nestle find instant coffee in Brazil, Nestle until now the largest producer of instant coffee in the world. 1939-1945 U.S. forces bring instant coffee in the war and introduce it to the world. 1942 People begin hoarding coffee due to wartime shortages. In England at this time coffee is rationed. 1946 Gaggia Factory produces commercial cappuccino machine for the first time. The word cappuccino comes from the color of Capucin Coat. 1971 Starbuck Outlet first opened in Seattle. 1973 Fair Trade Coffee was first imported to Europe from Guatemala. 1989 International Coffee Agreement fails to stabilize prices. In the history of the coffee trade down to its lowest level. 1990 Some coffee shops close due to the arrangement of space (redevelopment) in the UK. Introduced organic coffee that are excellent in the world coffee market. 1998 Starbucks reach 2000 Outlets in the U.S. and 5,715 outlets worldwide. Starbucks positioned itself as a coffee shop with the largest network worldwide.
GRUP SCOLAR OVID CALEDONIU CLASA A XI-A SA
REFERAT LIMBA ENGLEZA THE COFFEE-SHORT HISTORY

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The Coffee - Short History

GRUP SCOLAR OVID CALEDONIU CLASA A XI-A SA

REFERAT LIMBA ENGLEZA THE COFFEE-SHORT HISTORY

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