SIRE 2.

0
SIRE 2.0
 Why SIRE 2.0

Is it all about
verification of
Human – Machine Interface?
 Why SIRE 2.0

VIQ 7 mainly focused on the management system and hardware provided on board.

SIRE 2.0 is a transformational step in the vessel inspection program by

integrating the following in the inspection regime
 Human Factors
 Focus on significant risks and prevent/mitigate severe incidents onboard
 Strengthen confidence and trust in SIRE (PIQ….)
 Align SIRE with TMSA
 Regulatory changes (incorporating changes in the industry)
 Leveraging technology (moving from paper based to digital inspection)
 Align with OCIMF’s vision and strategy (i.e. no harm to people, environment and ships)
 Moving to SIRE 2.0

Higher expectations from

vessel staff and managers to
maintain compliance and
demonstrate knowledge across
SIRE 2.0 shifts from a purely various domains
hardware – focused audit to an
operationally centered
assessment

Behavioral and
performance-based
standards
 SIRE 2.0 gears

Hardware

Process
HUMAN
 SIRE 2.0 gears
Human Element Procedural Element Hardware Element

Aims to assess how Aims to assess a Aims to assess the

familiar the procedure, or a condition of
responsible person, documented equipment and
or team, is with process, as reflected structure. Negative
company via a specific obs are supported
procedures, the checklist. Emphasis by a photograph
associated tasks and placed on key which may be taken
the use of the procedures and to support the
equipment checklists deterioration (slight
or major)
 Moving to SIRE 2.0
Moving from: Moving to:

Equipment and Process focus Equipment, Process & Human Factors focus

Same set of questions for each vessel Unique question set for each vessel, some different
questions in each inspection
4 available responses to a question: Binary response or a graduated response to a question,
Yes / No / Not Seen / Not Applicable depending on the content

Supporting explanation required for Structured supporting explanation required for

negative response i.e. Observations performance above and below expectations

Paper based inspection Software based question set – I.S. Tablet

Recording responses at intervals during the

inspection Real time recording of responses
 SIRE 2.0 - Challenges

Drastic Change Ship Staff –

in the Training &
inspection familiarization
style (for all ranks).
SMS awareness

Mitigation –
Management
of Change

Shore Staff –
Training & Risk Factors –
familiarization. Consequences
/ SMS Gap for operators
Analysis / PMS (Screening)
Gaps
 VIQ 7 - SIRE 2.0

1. Questions are risk based which are derived from a comprehensive bow – tie model.
2. Tanker operators need to submit a Pre-Inspection questionnaire, photographs, certificates, HVPQ
3. Questions are compiled by an algorithm and provided to the inspector. Core + Rotational
4. Documentary review is conducted by the inspector prior boarding the vessel.
5. Master to provide a list of existing defects to the inspection in the opening meeting.
6. Inspector uses a IS tablet to update responses to each question in real time
7. Inspector will assess Human Factors along with Hardware and Processes on board.
8. Majority of SIRE 2.0 questions liked to TMSA Sub-Elements
9. Inspector’s response to questions can be both – positive or negative. Binary / Graduated.
10. OCIMF members have access to detailed data through SIRE 2.0 to screen vessels.
11. New terminology used
 Glossary

CVIQ Compiled Vessel Inspection Questionnaire

A unique, ship specific set of questions compiled for each vessel inspection

PIQ Pre-Inspection Questionnaire

An online questionnaire, completed by the vessel operator, providing info about the vessel and supplementing the HVPQ

OP Observed Person

Crew member being referred to.

RT Responsible Team

Responsible Team being referred to

SOC Subject of Concern

What is being reported on

NOC Nature of Concern

What has been observed

 Glossary

PIF Performance Influencing Factors

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

Workplace ergonomics incl. signage,

Recognition of Safety criticality of Team dynamics, communications, and
the task or associated steps  coordination with others  tools, layout, space, noise, light, 
heat, etc.

Human- Machine Interface (E.g.:

Custom and practice surrounding Factors such as morale, motivation,
use of procedures  nervousness  Controls, Alarms, record keeping, 
etc.)

Procedure accessible, helpful, Evidence of stress, workload, fatigue,

understood, and accurate for task  time constraints  Opportunity to learn or practice 
 Glossary

Certificate Repository
An online database holding electronic copies of the vessel trading certificates, provide by the vessel operator.

Photograph Repository
An online database holding photographs of the vessel, provide by the vessel operator.

Inspection Declaration

A declaration made by the vessel operator that all data, photographs and certificates provided in
connection with a SIRE inspection are accurate, complete and in accordance with the instructions provided
ROVIQ
The CVIQ grouped and recorded into the normal inspection route taken during a vessel inspection.
Inspection Area
A notional area of the vessel, tagged to each question, to allow the inspection compiler to allocation questions within the set time constraints

Observation

Any information entered in one of the assigned response tool including positive, neutral and negative comments
 Glossary

Negative Observation
To be defined – but in essence equals an observation in SIRE.

Neutral Observation
Any comment other than positive or negative.

Positive Observation
To be defined – but will be exceeding expectations level of a human response tool.
Binary Response

A simple YES or NO response to a CVIQ question.

Graduated Response
A response to a CVIQ questions that is not a simple YES or NO but is graduated.
 Inspections

1. Inspection request and validation

All inspection requests will be submitted using the OCIMF SIRE portal. Requests
will be vetted and compared to the program’s overarching criteria to verity they
fit OCIMF standards, and an inspector will be appointed who is compliant and
competent

All existing SIRE inspectors have been trained in the SIRE 2.0 inspection regime
 Inspections

2. Pre-Inspection preparation

The inspection template will be populated prior the inspection with a series of information
including:
 Vessel Particulars (HVPQ)
 Crew Matrix
 Certificates (New)
 Pre-Inspection Questionnaire (PIQ) (New)
 Past Inspection Observations (New)
 PSC Data (New)
 Incident Data (New)
 Relevant photographs and plans (New)
 Inspections
Information
Information available in PIQ
available to
inspector prior
 Class Surveyor’s visit boarding
 CAP information
 UKC policy and the values
 Additional training provided to Officers
 Reporting of onboard equipment changes for class/flag (equipment
retrofit / decommission / replaced any equipment listed if SEC Form E,
SRC form R, IOPP form A/B
 Common working language and SMS language
 Ship hardening information
 Lub oil analysis data
 Level of management oversight of the vessel (Suptd. Visits, Nav,
Mooring, Cargo, Engineering Audits
 Standard and enhanced manning data
 Inspections

PIQ Validate
responses

Not
Validate
responses
Risk Based Vessel Inspection
Risk Based Vessel Inspection
The famous Swiss Cheese
 Bow Tie Methodology

BARRIERS are pivotal in preventing…

• A direct link from a Threat to a “Top Event”

• Should the identified event occur preventing a direct link from the “Top Event” to the
Consequence

A Barrier could be…

• Hardware : Technical measures (equipment or structures)

• Process: Organizational measures (procedures)
• People: Personnel who design, operate, maintain, monitor and manage processes
and procedures
 Bow Tie Methodology

Bowties and barriers offer the following advantages…

• Risk based decision-making: Are there enough barriers to mitigate the risk
appropriately?
• Barrier dependency visualization: What if the resource responsible for
multiple barriers is compromised. E.g. the Chief Engineer is ill or the
power is lost?
• Enables risk Assurance: How are the barriers performing?
• Informed decision making (change management): What happens if a barrier
is removed or degraded?
• Risk-based management: Identification, analysis, evaluation and treatment
 Risk Based Vessel Inspection
Questionnaire generated using bow-tie methodology. 4 areas covered:

The bare minimum questions that must be

answered to satisfy the member’s basic
risk assessment criteria. Key actions that
keep priority barriers healthy and guard
against critical threats are address in core
questions. When the question is relevant
to the ship type and outfitting it is
included in every CVIQ
 Risk Based Vessel Inspection
Questionnaire generated using bow-tie methodology. 4 areas covered:

The questionnaire algorithm will ensure that all non-core

questions are covered over a period and that each
inspection template is designed for a defined duration.

2 Levels of Rotational Questions

Rotational 1 – Questions with allocation frequency of approximately

every third or fourth inspection

Rotational 2 – Questions with allocation frequency of approximately

double that of Rotational 1 questions

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 Risk Based Vessel Inspection
Questionnaire generated using bow-tie methodology. 4 areas covered:

Specific questions based on the vessel,

operator, or ship-type data supplied.
To assess a vessel operator’s degree of
achievement against TMSA, a set of
questions has been devised. In
response to the operator’s replies on
the PIQ, questions will be created.
 Risk Based Vessel Inspection
Questionnaire generated using bow-tie methodology. 4 areas covered:

Area if specific focus from OCIMF

and its membership requiring time
limited exposure
Campaign questions allows OCIMF to
adapt to new industry trends and
challenges by altering the way VIQ is
administered, and questions are
assigned to specific inspections
 Pre-Inspection Element

• Permanently and infrequently changing information relating to the vessel,

its construction, outfitting and certification
HVPQ • Information from the HVPQ is used to auto populate some aspects of the
inspection report and management the assignment of some questions

• New questionnaire to gather dynamic information about the vessel

operational history and additional static data, to permit the question-set
PIQ compiler to assign appropriate questions to each bespoke inspection
questionnaire.

Certificate • The vessel operator uploads the certificates applicable to the inspection
process from a defined list. Certificates are made available to the
Repository inspector prior boarding via the inspection software.
 Pre-Inspection Element

• The vessel operator uploads a defined set of photographs of the vessel

Photograph to be inspected to Photograph Repository. These will be used to for
Repository condition verification by the inspector during the inspection and
inserted in the final report for the information of the report recipient.

Inspection • The vessel operator will make a declaration that all data,
photographs and certificates provided are accurate, complete and in
declaration accordance with the instructions provided.
 Inspection format SIRE 2.0

Pre-Inspection
Existing Element New

Officer’s
HVPQ Certificates PIQ Photographs
Matrix

CVIQ
  The Top-level question – provides an overview or
Questions purpose and scope of question itself.

 The Abbreviated question – provide a visual clue to

help inspector quickly interpret which questions are
included in CVIQ.

Each Sire 2.0  The Guidance section – provides overall purpose of

question Is the top-level question.
constructed with
following  Suggested inspector actions – to verify that all aspects
of top-level question and guidance section has been
components
addressed.

 Expected Evidence – list documentary evidence that

should be made available to the inspector during the
inspection process. The inspector may request further
unlisted evidence to assure themselves that the top-level
question has been addressed.

 Potential grounds for Negative observations – list

circumstances in which inspector may consider entering
a negative observations
 Questions

12 Chapters
300+ Questions
37 16 36 108 84
48 Questions
Questions Questions Questions Questions Questions
Chemical Human
Safety & Tanker Environmental Gas Tanker Nautical Sub
Technical Committee Committee Committee Element in Committee
committee Shipping
Committee
 Questions
Core : Focus
on risks that
Total : approx. 380 questions
may lead
Core : 101 questions DIRECTLY to
severe or
Rotational : 284 questions
catastrophic
Hardware : 228 questions events
Process : 326 questions
Human: 300 questions

TMSA KPI’s : approx. 300 questions

Rotational : Focus
on risks that may
lead INDIRECTLY
to severe or
catastrophic
events
 Response tools
Observations

The term observation means any response entered in the response tool. An
observation can be positive, neutral or negative.

Each question is assigned one or more response tool

Where a binary response is required, well established Yes/No convention is carried forward
Human
Where a graduated response is required, specific guidance is provided for each type of response tool

Hardware
Response Process
tool

Photo
 Hardware Response tool

Free of Obvious
deterioration /
deficiency

Slight superficial
Mandatory comment
Hardware observed deterioration (with
and/or photograph(s)
description)

Observable or Negative obs required

detectable deficiency in negative obs module
 Hardware Response tool
Maintenance task available
not completed

Maintenance task available

records incompatible with
condition seen

No maintenance task
developed

Negative obs required in Clicks on the most Maintenance deferred

negative obs module appropriate selection awaiting spares

Maintenance deferred –
awaiting technician

Maintenance deferred
awaiting out of service /
gas free

Sudden failure –
maintenance task available
and up to date
 Process Response tool
As Expected, Procedure
and/or doc present

Largely as expected,
Mandatory comment
Procedure and/or doc
required
present
Procedure tested
Not as expected,
Mandatory negative
Procedure and/or
comment required
document deficient

Mandatory comment
Not anwerable
and response required
 Process Response tool
No Procedure

Procedure not present /

available / accessible

Too many conflicting

procedures

Clicks on the most

Procedure
Mandatory negative
appropriate TMSA
Procedure clarity and failure
comment required understanding
connectivity references references

Procedure realism
/feasibility / suitability

Procedure completeness
/ validity / version

Communication of
procedure / practice /
updates
 Human factors

Human Factors is about making it easy for people to do things right & hard to do things wrong

Human factors are the physical, psychological and social characteristics that affect human interaction with
equipment, systems, processes, other individuals and work team(s)

OCIMF’s approach to human factors….Used the following principles

 People will make mistakes.

 People’s actions are rarely malicious and usually make sense to them at the time.
 Understanding the conditions in which mistakes happen helps us prevent or correct them.
 People know the most about their work and are key to any solution.
 Plant, tools and activities can be designed to reduce mistakes and manage risk better.
 Leaders contribute in shaping conditions that influence what people do.
 It matters how leaders respond when things go wrong and that they take the opportunity to
learn.
 Human factors in Vessel Inspection

 Inspectors will submit objective replies to any observation for each question with a human factor
viewpoint. When critical activities are completed effectively, the assessment criteria will allow for
favorable recognition. An observation will be issued if a task is not carried out effectively.

 Inspectors can use the tablet-based finding categorization tool to capture the apparent context of the
ineffective activities or duties (equipment issues, task design, familiarity, nervousness, etc.

 Post inspection, the operator must respond to Why the problems existed (e.g. unaware of changed
approach, time constraints, fatigue, etc.)

 Seafarers will gain from being able to safely emphasize difficult and error-prone tasks and receive
positive feedback for work successfully done because of the enhanced involvement between the
inspector, crew members and vessel operator during the inspection.
 Human Response tool
Execution of the
task
Exceeded Normal Mandatory
Expectation comment required
What we hear / see
As Expected
Rank grouping
Mandatory
Largely as expected
comment required

Additional response tool can

be selected where more than Mandatory negative
one rank group observed or NOT as expected
interviewed. comment required
 Human Response tool
1. Recognition of safety criticality of the task or
associated steps.
2. Custom and practice surrounding use of
procedures.
3. Procedures accessible, helpful, understood
and accurate for the rank.
4. Team dynamics, communications and co-
ordination with others.
5. Evidence of stress, workload, fatigue, time
Mandatory comment constraints.
required 6. Workplace ergonomics including signage,
tools, layout, space, noise, light, heat, etc.
7. Human machine interface.
8. Factors such as morale, motivation,
nervousness.
9. Opportunity to learn or practice.
10. Not defined – Not a PIF (option provided
where a PIF could not be identified with
confidence).
 Human Response tool

All observations entered in the response tool must be tagged to the rank grouping (SCO) of the
Observed Person (OP) or Responsible Team (RT) based on the following categorization:

• Senior Deck Officer

• Junior Deck Officer
• Senior Engineer Officer
• Junior Engineer Officer
• Rating
• Deck team task (historical task only)
• Engine room team task (historical task only)
 Human Response tool

Comments should not identify an individual by the inclusion of rank. Written comments should only
refer to one of the following:

• OP
• RT
The use of acronyms OP & RT is acceptable and encouraged
Where a negative observation is recorded in the Negative Observation Module:
• NOC (Nature of concern) – the most appropriate PIF(s) affecting the performance
of the task should be tagged, or
• NOC – where the inspector cannot identify an appropriate PIF with a high degree of
confidence, the Not Identified (10) option should be tagged instead of one of the
PIF.
• A negative comment must be added to provide context as to why the task or
activity was not executed as expected.
 Photograph Comparison Response tool

Photograph provided
representative

Photo representative item to

Mandatory comment
be highlighted
Observe photograph provided
against actual observed area
of the vessel (Verification)
Photo reasonably
Mandatory comment &
representative (additional
photograph
photo required)

Mandatory negative comment

Photo not representative
and photograph required
 Photograph Comparison Response tool
Areas/Item shown recently
upgraded – Maintenance
program in progress

Areas/Item shown recently

upgraded – No evidence of
Mandatory negative ongoing maintenance plan
comment and
photograph
required Areas/Item shown not
representative of overall
condition

Other - text
 Standard Photo set

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 Updating Photos

New set at approximately 6 months interval.

Can choose to extend the interval if they consider them to remain representative.

Recommendation : Upload new photographs prior to each inspection to ensure that the
condition depicted in each photograph is fully representative.
TMSA – SIRE 2.0
 TMSA – SIRE 2.0

Do we need to comply with all TMSA based questions?

TMSA – SIRE 2.0
 TMSA – SIRE 2.0

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 TMSA

TMSA encourages companies to assess their own SMS against the key performance
indicators (KPI’s) and provide a minimum level and work towards continuous
improvement of the best practices
TMSA encourages companies to assess their own SMS against the key performance
indicators (KPI’s) and provide a minimum level and work towards continuous
improvement of the best practices

13 TMSA Elements
Each element – 4 Stages
KPI - Best Practices
 Inspection data sheet

Observations including comments and positive/negative comments to all assigned questions

Any photograph tagged to be included in the report

Geographical position of the tablet at the commencement and completion of inspection.

Step count against time of the inspection tablet at the commencement and completion of
inspection.

Date and time of each response to an assigned question before, during or after physical
inspection.

Date and time of adding or removing a negative observation to an assigned question before,
during or after physical inspection.

An electronic image of observation declaration presented to, or reviewed with the Master
during the closing meeting.
 Consequences / Risks

Negative responses provide objective evidence that supports Oil Major rejecting the vessel.

Negative responses provide objective evidence of gaps in the operator’s TMSA submission.

Negative impact in case of continuous poor performance.

Oil Majors would focus on the substance rather than counting the number of observations (at
least in the beginning)
 Mitigation

Shore and ship staff trained on SIRE 2.0 and basics of Human Factors

SMS – Gap Analysis

Senior sailing staff receive training on SIRE 2.0 and amendments /
alignment to SMS
Operator to devise a Human Factors approach for Sea & Shore Staff
Training on Human Factors approach for Sea & Shore Staff
Reviewing internal checklists to align with SIRE 2.0 audit protocol

Continuous improvement of SMS and TMSA based on - / +ve observations noted.

 Defect list

How is it captured in the report ?

SIRE 2.0