Facts of Puri
Facts of Puri
Facts of Puri
HISTORY OF PURI
History of Puri dates back to the period when the town was inhabited by the Sabaras, a PreDravidian and Pre-Aryan tribe belonging to the Austro-Asiatic family. During the 7th and 8th centuries, Puri had been a provincial outpost that linked eastern India with the South. Owing to its religious association with Sankaracharya (a Hindu reformer), Puri became one of the new centers for the practice of reformed Hinduism. In fact, Puri became an important center of pilgrimage by the 12th century. The history in Puri also proves that Sri Ramanuja visited Puri during 1107 and 1117. Sri Ramanuja was followed by Vishnu Swami, who is known to establish the Vishnuswami Matha, near Markandeshwar Tank. With the arrival of the Gangas in the 12th century, Puri emerged as one of the centers of Vaishnavism. Anantavarman Chodaganga, one of the powerful rulers of Puri, established the Purusottama temple in 1135. Purusottama Temple later came to be known as the Jagannath Temple in the 15th century. Under the Mughals, Orissa was divided into three revenue collection circars. The three circars of Orissa included Bhadrak, Jaleswar and Kataka with Puri being a part of the Kataka circar. The history of Puri also reveals that in the 16th century, Puri was captured by the Afghans. The Afghans destroyed the Jagannath temple and reduced it to ruins. The temple was restored by the Marathas, who ruled Orissa for a short time. Under the British, the Jagannath temple was managed by the King of Orissa. The temple is also said to enjoy certain privileges under the British. Until 1816, Puri remained the capital of Orissa, as well as the headquarters of the Collector. In 1806, the government rejected the proposal of shifting the headquarters to Jajpur but in 1814, the headquarters were transferred to Cuttack. The headquarters was shifted back to Puri in the month of December, 1814. In 1816, the headquarters was again shifted back to Cuttack. Historical facts about Puri reveal that Orissa was culled from Bihar in 1936. In 1948, Puri was integrated with Orissa (1st January, 1948). Until 1995, the province continued to be divided. The territory of Puri was divided into 3 subdivisions in 1995. Presently, the district of Puri comprises of the Puri Sadar division.
Puri Facts
Puri offers sandy beaches and temples for tourists coming to Orissa. The city is ideally located on the coastline at a distance of 65KM from Bhubaneshwar. The holy city is known all over India for its Jagannath temple. Another fascinating temple near to Puri is Konark Sun God Temple. Here we have presented some very interesting facts and figures about Puri:
Interesting Facts on Puri Location: Located on eastern side of Orissa. Bhubaneshwar - 60 KM Oriya is the official language. Hindi and English are also widely spoken. Summer (March-June), Rainy (July-September), Winter (October-February). Hinduism is the major religion. Puri has a good local transport system. Taxis and rickshaw are easily available for sightseeing. Bhubaneshwar - 60 KM Between October to March. Jagannath Temple Puri Beach CT Road Sun Temple of Konark Chandrabhaga Sea Beach Chilika Lake Satapada Dolphin Sanctuary Alarnath Temple Pipili Famous for Applique Work Raghurajpur Famous for Patta Chitra.
Religion: Transportation:
Puri Map
Puri is the holy city of Orissa located in Eastern part of India. The city is known world over for Jagannath Temple and its beaches. Another attraction near Puri is Konark Sun Temple, dedicated to Sun Temple. This world heritage site is just 35 Kms from Puri city. You will get to know everything about Puri with this travel map. The map shows major tourist attractions along with coastline and road network in the holy city.
Puri Geography
Puri is located at 1948 N 8551 E / 19.8N 85.85E. It has an average elevation of 0 metres A study of Puri geography reveals that Puri is divided two natural regions, the littoral tract and the level alluvial tract.
The littoral tract of Puri is a sandy ridge that is said to be an accumulation of the wind blown sand. The width of the littoral tract varies from 6.5 kilometers to a few hundred meters. It stretches along the sea coast and forms the dividing line separating the Chilka Lake and the Ocean. The level alluvial tract is a region that covers the villages and the rice fields. The rice fields of the level alluvial tract are watered by a number of channels that mainly comprises of the distributaries of the river Mahanadi. Through the rice fields, the distributaries make their way towards the sea. The physiography of Puri also boasts of a sea-coast bay. The sea-coast of Puri is about 150.4
kilometers in length. It is marked by sandy ridges that stretch into Ganjam and Jagatsingpur. The sandy ridges are formed due to the strong monsoon currents that blow over the area for about 8 months. The ridges that vary in width from 7 kilometers to a few meters prevent the rivers of Puri from draining into ocean. Puri geography is incomplete without a reference to the drainage system of Puri. An estimate of the drainage system of Puri is as follows:
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Islands - Although, we do not come across any island in Puri; yet it noteworthy that Chilka Lake is separated by a group of Islands from the Bay of Bengal. Lakes - The Chilka Lake and the Sar Lake are two important lakes of Puri.
Weather of Puri
Weather of Puri - Located on India's eastern coast, the cool breeze from the Bay of Bengal makes the tropical weather in Puri more bearable as compared to interior Orissa. The summer months from March to May are hot and humid, with temperatures rising to over 39 C. Puri faces the south west monsoon in June, and temperatures fall to around 28 C till October. The rainfall peaks to around 250 mm during July and August, and dips to approximately 127 mm by October. Winter in Puri makes its presence felt from November, when temperatures start falling to maintain an average of 16 centigrade in December and January. Cold winds from the North North east keep the temperatures low in spite of the bright sunshine. However, this is the most pleasant time of the year for visitors to Puri.
Average Minimum Temperature 17 C Average Precipitation Monsoon - June to October Average Maximum Temperature 32 C 23 mm
Demography of Puri
Demography of Puri gives a picture of the structure and distribution of population in the city. Formal demography has, in the recent time, become more or less synonymous with population and as per the census of 2001, the city of Puri is home to a total population of 157,610. Of this, 82,229 are males which is 52% of the entire population. The females constitute 48% of the population in Puri, counting to 75,381 heads. 15,802 of the total population of Puri are under the age of 6 years. This is 10% of the total population count. Puri demography also reflects the literacy rate of the city. There are 118,449 literates in Puri, making the average literacy rate to be 75% which is much higher the national average of 59.5%. Around 80% of the male population of Puri, counting to be 65,727 male population, is literate. 70% of the females in Puri are literate which encompasses 52, 722 heads. The majority of the population of Puri is Hindus and 87% of the people of Puri speak Oriya. Hindi, Bengali and English are the other languages which are spoken by the people of Puri.
Puri Beach
Fine white sands, roar of the breakers rolling in from the Bay of Bengal and countless devotees flocking the place for a purification dip are the synonyms to the Puri Beach. The beach has continued to be a sacred venue for an endless number of pilgrims coming to pay homage to Lord Jagannath. With the annual Beach Festival taking place in November, the beach has now become a favorite haunt of both Indian and foreign beach lovers. Located at a mere distance of 35 kms from the Sun Temple and 65 kms from Bhubaneshwar, the beach is an ideal place for an introvert holiday maker for the scarcity of crowd here. The beaches of Puri are also renowned for the sand sculptures created particularly by the internationally famed Sudarshan Patnaik. The subjects are generally inspired by sculptures covering the temple walls, characters and episodes from the mythology and also the contemporary events. An entire beach stretch can be completely yours given the immense number of beaches in Orissa and a comparatively lower number of fun lovers, the city being a popular pilgrimage point for Indians. The beach at Puri offers a unique opportunity to witness the striking sunrise and the sunset on the same beach. Often crowded with holiday makers bathing in the afternoon, and enjoying the brightly lit kiosks in the night, the stretches, parallel to the main Marine Drive Road, form the domain of the domestic tourists, with a row of hotels, food stalls and kiosks selling souvenirs. A comparatively clean and quite place for sunbathing and a relaxed swim can be found at the eastern end. Local fishermen easily distinguishable by their triangular straw hats and dhotis serve as lifeguards on the beach, and take visitors out to sea in their boats to watch the sunsets. On the Chakratirtha side, the long stretch of golden sand is more tranquil and pleasant place to stroll. Take enough precaution while swimming as the currents can be treacherous in Puri. It is interesting to visit a fishing village along the coast, with dozens of boats made of solid trunks ply off the coast during the day. Once landed, the rich catch of prawn, pamphlets and other fishes drawn into the nets is transferred to baskets. The best time to pay a visit is around dawn, when the fishermen head out from the village and row the fleet towards the rising sun over the sea.
Dedicated to Krishna, Balabhadra and Subhadra, the temple has these three as principal deities. Similar to the Lingaraja temple in Bhubaneshwar, this temple is also close for Non-Hindus who contend themselves by just viewing it from outside its precincts. Mahaprasada Maha-prasada is pure vegetarian spiritual food offered to Lord Jagannath. Just by eating this mahaprasada one makes great spiritual advancement. Everyday, 56 varieties of prasada are offered to Lord Jagannath. The preparations are made traditionally and no onion, garlic, chillies or many varieties of vegetables (considered alien) are not used. These offerings, after being made to Lord Jagannath, are then offered to Goddess Bimala Devi in the temple precincts which then becomes Mahaprasadam. This Mahaprasadam is considered very efficacious for spiritual liberation. One should respectfully honor the Mahaprasadam sitting on the floor. This Mahaprasadam is available daily after 3-5 pm. This is sold outside the sanctorum area but within the temple premises. The Mahaprasadam remains hot for a long time as it is kept in the same earthen pots which are used to cook it. Normally, mahaprasadam means a few small pots of vegetables, dhal, and a pot of rice ten times the size of the small pots.
There is a wheel on top of the Jagannath Temple made of an alloy of eight metals (asta-dhatu). It is called the Nila Chakra (Blue Wheel), and is 3.5m (11 ft 8 in) high with a circumference of about 11m (36 ft). Every day, a different flag is tied to a mast attached to the Nila Chakra. Every Ekadasi, a lamp is lit on top of the temple near the wheel. There are four gates: the eastern Singhadwara (Lion Gate), the southern Ashwadwara (Horse Gate), the western Vyaghradwara (Tiger Gate), and the northern Hastidwara (Elephant Gate). There is a carving of each form by the entrance of each gate. The Lion Gate, which is the main gate, is located on Grand Road. Thirty different smaller temples surround the main temple. The Narasimha Temple, adjacent to the western side of the Mukti-mandapa, is said to have been constructed before this temple even.
Indradyumna started with his retinue for Utkal to see Nilamadhava. On reaching Nilakandara, he found it vacant. But a voice from the air told him to construct a temple on Nilasaila (Blue Mountain). Hearing this, the king ordered the construction to begin. On completion of the temple, the king went to Brahmaloka to invite Brahma to consecrate the temple. But, Brahma being in meditation, he had to wait for nine Yugas. The temple thus got buried in sand in his absence. In the mean time, a new dynasty came to rule at Utkala. Galamadhva, a king of that dynasty, detected the buried temple. He was considering installing images in the temple when Indradyumna with Lord Brahma appeared before him. Both the kings had a tussle over the ownership of the temple. However, Lord Brahma decided in favor of Indradyumna and asked him to install deities in the temple. Now, the king was at a loss as to where to find the deities from. Therefore, god told him in his dream that he would be floating in the sea in the form of a log of wood. Then Sage Narada assured Indradyumna that Vishnu would appear to him in the temple form of three wooden images. When a big tree, radiant with light was seen floating in the sea, Narada told the king to make three idols out of it and place them in a pavilion. Indradyumna got Visvakarma, the architect of Gods, to build a magnificent temple to house the idols and Vishnu himself appeared in the guise of a carpenter to make the idols on condition that he was to be left undisturbed until he finished the work. But just after two weeks, the Queen became very anxious. She took the carpenter to be dead as no sound came from the temple. Therefore, she requested the king to open the door. Thus, they went to see Vishnu at work at which the latter abandoned his work leaving the idols unfinished. But a divine voice told Indradyumana to install them in the temple. The three idols represent the god Jagannath, his elder brother, Balabhadra and their sister, Subhadra. The wooden idols being worshipped are renewed during special occasions. This wooden idol prepared from a log of wood floating on the ocean finds a mention in the Rig Veda, where it is referred to as Purushottama.
Flora
The lake hourbours the "aquatic vegetation" of its own and is typically represents by Algal forms (e.g. Chaetomorpha and Enteromorpha widely distributed algae followed by Lyngbya, Ulva, Cladophora and others like Gloeocapsa, Nostoc, Sprigyra, Oedogonium, Chara, Nitella, Gracilaria etc.), a number of Diatoms/Phytoplanktons and a few species of brackish water submerged phanerogams like Potamogeton pectinatus, Halophila ovalis, Ruppia maritima, Naja faveolata, Hydrilla verticellata and Ceratophyllum demersum etc. Some floating plants like Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Azolla pinnata etc. enter the like with flood water but disappear after a few months. The communities of Schoenoplectus littoralis in association with Eleocharis dulce, Phragmites karka, Myrostachya wightii & many other grasses and sedges also exist in shallow muddy areas.
Species like Salicornia brachiata, Suaeda maritima, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Phyla nodiflora, Heliotropium curassavicum & some others occur in marshes and salt fields along the edges and other shallow areas. The present scanty littoral and scrub jungles on lake margin, islands and rocky faces are represented by the species like Salvadora presica, Pongamia pinnata, Colubrina asiatica, Cassipourea ceylonica, Aegiceras corniculatum, Azima tetracantha, Pisonia aculeata, Clerodendron inerme, Carmona retusa, Carissa spinarumm, Crateva spinarumm, Meytinus emarginatus, Opuntia dillenii, Ficus sps., Crateva adansonii spp., Lepisanthes tetraphylla, Streblus asper etc. and a number of climbers/twinners and herbaceous ground flora. The dunes & sandy areas of the beaches near lake have the floral composition of their own, favoured in the conditions they offer. The land lying between Sea and Lagoon exhibits rich growth of casuarina equisetifolia, planted by Forest Dept.
Fauna
There is a wide varity of animal life forms representing various groups of Animal Kingdom (ranging from Protozoa, Porifera, Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Isopoda, Echiura, Sipuncula, Chaetognatha, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Crustacea, Arachinida, Insecta, Mollusca to Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mamals). The more details of some of these fauna arefurnished here. Around 158 species of fishes and prawns have so far been recorded.Crabs like Scylla serrata & Neptunus pelagicus are the predominent types available here. Oyster (e.g. Ostrea talpur, Arca, Meretix etc.) occurs in small patches. Nearabout countless types of Amphibians Reptiles viz. Snakes, Lizards, Turtles & Crocodiles. Discovery of Limbless skink (Barakudia insularis), a rare reptile which was reported first time from loose soil of Barakudia island by Annandale (1917), attaches much significance to this place. The Dolphins have been reported mostly near Satapada-Magarmukha area and occasionally between Kalijai and Balugaon. Other mammals reported from small pockets in the surrounding hlls/forests/scattered islands & amidst the vegetation of sandy ridge facing Chilika and Sea include Black bucks (Antilope cervicara), Spotted deer, Fox, Jackal, Hyaena, Jungle Cat, Hare, Rat, Pachyura (an insectivora), Common bat, Otter, Common mongoose, Monkey, Squirrel, Porcupine etc. General Information State : Orissa Location : southwest of Puri Area : 1,100 sq km Best time to visit : October to March
prevent their extinction. This has been possible by adhering to strict legislature that bans the fishing trawlers and clamps down on the nearby industries. Once considered a delicacy by locals who caught the turtles that accidentally got entangled in their fishing nets, today their condition is slowly returning towards normalcy. You too can witness this revival of the Giant Olive Ridley sea turtles famous all over the world for their epic annual journeys through oceans to breed and recuperate. On your tour to the marine sanctuary at Gahirmatha, watch these marvelous creatures thrive while taking care to avoid disturbing the carefully reassembled natural habitat with your inquisitiveness. Close to Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary is the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park that is the second largest Mangrove ecosystem in India and is known for its crocodiles, creeks and canals, and kingfishers. On your tour to Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, with Tourism of Orissa tour packages, you can also visit the nearby tourist attractions. The 9th century Lord Shiva Temple in Dangmal; Temple of Nahak Babu built in sandstone; Ratnagiri, Lailtgiri and Udaygiri Buddhist complex; or Chandipur Beach are the other prominent tourist attractions near Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary.Easily accessible by air (Bhubaneswar, Kolkata), waterways (Chandabali, Ragnagar and Gupti) and rail (Bhadrak, Balsore, Cuttack and Bhubaneswar); you can stay at the many hotels and lodges around Gahirmatha Turtle (Marine) Sanctuary on your tour, arranged by Tourism of Orissa.