COMMON TRIAL EXAM

MSED
MARKING GUIDELINES

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2
4 SEPTEMBER 2024

MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This paper consists of <> pages

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MARKING PRINCIPLES FOR GEOGRAPHY- SEPTEMBER 2024

The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in theprovinces.
MARKING
• ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect.
• Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an M over the
remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved.
• A clear, neat tick must be used:
o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used:
o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used:
o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for
o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place
• Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: 🗴
o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions toindicate that all facts
have been considered
o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer
o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts

For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: list, name, state,identify
For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain,evaluate, analyse,
suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how
The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether aONE- word answer
or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give

NOTE THE FOLLOWING

• If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers toquestions is
followed candidates can be credited.
• Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct.
• Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way
• In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes theactual answer-
award marks.
• There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. (*)

TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS

• Each sub-question must be totaled.

o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals perquestion required.
Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals.
o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub-
section and underlined
o Sub-totals must be written legibly
o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels
• Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number

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• Transfer total to cover of answer book

TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS

• Each sub-question must be totalled

o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per
question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals.
o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub-
section and underlined
o Sub-totals must be written legibly
o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels
• Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number
• Transfer total to cover of answer book
.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO sections:

SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60)
QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60)

SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30)

2. Answer all THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.

5. Start each question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in

this question paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name,

identify or list.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.

1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may make use of a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 2931CA VERULAM and a

1: 10 000 orthophoto map 2931 CA 11 VERULAM are provided.

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents

the area covered by the orthophoto map.

16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this.

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SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC
GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1

1.1.1 A (1)

1.1.2 D (1)

1.1.3 B (1)

1.1.4 D (1)

1.1.5 C (1)

1.1.6 B (1)

1.1.7 A (1)

1.1.8 D (1)

(8 x 1) (8)

1.2

1.2.1 Y (1)

1.2.2 Y (1)

1.2.3 Z (1)

1.2.4 Y (1)

1.2.5 Y (1)

1.2.6 Z (1)

1.2.7 Z (1)

(7x1) (7)

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1.3 Rural depopulation

1.3.1 Decrease in the number of people living in rural areas (2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 People especially the young, leave for opportunities in

urban areas (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Shrinking population (2)

Ageing population / fewer young people (2)
Shortage of labour(2)
Less employment opportunities (2)
Business struggle (2)
Lack of services/ (2)
Declining services (2)
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.4 Lower quality of life (2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.5 Prevent the negative cycle of decline (2)

Retain young people in rural areas (2)
Provide employment opportunities (2)
Attract investments (2)
Sustain businesses (2)
Improved services (2)
Improve quality of life (2)
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.6 Increased food production (2)

Employment opportunities (2)
Commercial farming (2)
More social stability (2)
Create self-sufficient farmers (2)
Redress injustices/imbalances of the past (2)
Economic diversification can help diversify rural
economies (2)
To change the ownership of communal land/land(2)
[Any THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

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1.4 Urban land use zones

1.4.1 Central Business District (CBD) (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 All the roads converge (meet) at the CBD (2)

Routes enter from different directions (2)
Centre of the city (central location) (2)
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.3 Proximity to the central business district (CBD) (2)

Land attractive for commercial development (2)
Mixed-use projects(2)
Potential future investments (2)
Demand for land high or increased land values. (2)
Future expansion of the CBD (2)
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 Close to the heavy industrial area (2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.5 CBD:
High rental costs, higher than OBD, make it expensive for
businesses to operate efficiently. (2)
Congestion is a major issue, leading to delays and
increased transportation costs. (2)
Limited parking and heavy traffic congestion can deter
customers and employees, making access difficult. (2)
High crime less appealing (2)

OBD:
More affordable rental rates, lower than those in the CBD.
(2)
Ample parking / less traffic congestion make it more
accessible and convenient. (2)
Modern infrastructure and larger spaces can better
accommodate the needs of growing businesses (2)
Space to expand more attractive and opportunities for
business (2)
A more pleasant environment with green spaces and less
pollution, enhancing the overall quality of life for
employees and customers (2) (4 x 2) (8)

[Any FOUR]

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM

FOUR MARKS

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 Facts:
CBD:
High rental costs,
Traffic congestion (1)
Limited parking (1)
High Crime (1)

OBD:
Affordable rental rates (1)
less traffic congestion (1)
Ample parking (1)
Modern infrastructure (1)
Availability of larger spaces (1)
Space to expand (1)
A more pleasant environment with green spaces and less
pollution (1)

1.5 Informal settlements

1.5.1 25,6% (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Lack of affordable housing options in urban areas. (1)

Rapid urbanization (1)
Lack of jobs (1)
No income (1)
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.3 Shacks are made of temporary material that is flammable

(2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Engaging in protests or demonstrations against their

living conditions (2)
Riots (2)
Meeting with authorities to voice their unhappiness (2)
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.5 Improve basic living conditions (2)

Upgrade or build affordable, eco-friendly homes. (2)
Create Job Opportunities (2)
Provide education and training (2)
Support Small Businesses: (2)
Provide legal ownership or long-term leases for land (2)
Create parks and community gardens (2)
Set up recycling and waste management programs. (2)
Improve access to healthcare (2)

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Engage residents in planning and decision-making (2)
[Any THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

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QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1

2.1.1 B (1)

2.1.2 C (1)

2.1.3 A (1)

2.1.4 D (1)

2.1.5 D (1)

2.1.6 B (1)

2.1.7 D (1)

2.1.8 D (1)
(8 x 1) (8)

2.2

2.2.1 Z (1)

2.2.2 Z (1)

2.2.3 Y (1)

2.2.4 Y (1)

2.2.5 Y (1)

2.2.6 Y (1)

2.2.7 Z (1)
(7 x 1) (7)

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2.3 COAL MINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

2.3.1 2017 (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 70,20 - 47,21 = 22,99 (2)

Part marking:
Answer correct – 2 marks
Calculation correct, Answer incorrect -1 mark (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Air pollution (1)

Water pollution (1)
Soil pollution / soil degradation (1)
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.4 People experience respiratory problems (2)

Poor visibility in the air (2)
Drinking water is polluted (2)
Increased food prices (2)
Less food available/food insecurity (2)
Infertile soil for farming (2)
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.5 Land mined need to be rehabilitated (2)

Re-vegetation and the restoration of local fauna in the area (2)
Apply pollution restrictions (2)
Scrubbing and cleaning of mining equipment (2)
Implement carbon credits for reduced carbon footprints (2)
Planting of trees to reduce carbon emissions (2)
Creating of buffer zones around mines (2)
Implement and regulate environmental impact studies (2)
Land for agricultural purposes must be zoned and monitored (2)
Food security must be ensured (2)
[Any THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

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2.4 West Coast SDI

2.4.1 South-western Cape contributes about 15% to the South African

manufacturing sector output. (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Raw materials (agriculture, forestry and fishing) are available (1)
Water sources are managed (1)
Large skilled and unskilled labour supply available (1)
Good road transport network (1)
International port and harbour (Saldanha bay) (1)
Large markets (1)
Suitable climate to grow a variety of crops (1)
Electricity is available (Koeberg) (1)
Well developed mechanised technology (1)
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3 Improved links with the Northern Cape and Windhoek (2)
Better access to international and national resources (2)
Development of new and existing infrastructure (2)
Access to different markets (2)
Promotes domestic and international trade (2)
Efficient transport networks (2)
Good port facilities with international links (2)
Employment opportunities (2)
Sustainable water for domestic, industrial and farming uses (2)
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 Poverty will be decreased by providing employment opportunities

(2)
Skills will improve by providing training (2)
General standard of living will be raised by better income (2)
Access to better services (electricity, water, sewage removal) by
being able to afford it (2)
Private medical care due to higher income (2)
Tertiary education can be afforded (2)
Income generation through entrepreneurship with the selling of arts
and crafts (2)
Well-developed infrastructure to other parts in SA (2)
Access to transportation networks improve mobility (2)
Access to communication networks develops better
communication for people (2)
[Any FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM FOUR

MARKS

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 Decrease poverty (1)
Improved skills (1)
Better standard of living (1)
Better services (1)
Private medical care (1)
Tertiary education (1)
Income generation (1)
Better infrastructure (1)
Better transport (1)
Communication networks (1)

2.5 Informal sector in South Africa

2.5.1 18% (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.2 Informal food vendors (1)

Pavement sellers (1) (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 High unemployment rate/ Retrenchments (2)

Lack of skills (2)
Mechanisation of farming practises (2)
Natural disasters (2)
Large businesses subcontracting informal trading (2)
Illegal immigrants trade in the informal sector (2)
Lack of funding (2)
Lack of education or tertiary qualifications 2)
Can not afford to buy or rent formal property for business (2)
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.4 Unhygienic environment creates health problems (2)

Women are more vulnerable to criminal activities (2)
Woman may be harassed (2)
No protection from labour laws (2)
Woman may be manipulated for lower wages (2)
Their children may be without care when they are working (2)
Physical exposure to weather elements (2)
Less opportunities to obtain qualifications (2)
Single income cause uncertainty to provide for families (2)
No income when off sick (2)
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 Allocate specific areas for trading (2)

Provide infrastructure (hawker stall/carts) (2)
Provide storage facilities (2)

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 Provide ablution facilities (2)
Ensure clean/hygienic facilities (2)
Allocated specific areas near stations, bus terminal and taxi
ranks (2)
Municipality can provide reliable public transport (2)
[Any THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

[60]

SECTION B

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QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 NNE (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 A OR 29º 37’30’’S 31º 02’ 48’’E (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 = 0,9 (1) cm x 100 (Range 0,8 to 1) (2 x 1) (2)

= 90 m (1) (Range 80 m to 100 m)

3.1.5 200º (Range: 199º - 201º) (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.6 Total change: 9' x 8 years = 72' (1)

Magnetic declination
for 2024: 25º 04'
+(1) 72'
25º 76'
26º 16' west of true north (1) (3 x 1) (3)

3.1.7 Agriculture / farming (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1 King Shaka International Airport (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 A OR Rural-urban fringe (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Enough flat land (1)

Land is cheaper (1)
Reduced noise pollution on residential areas (1)
Accessibility (1)
Safety concerns (1)
Future expansion possibilities (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.4 Dube Trade Port IDZ (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.5 Efficient Logistics and Transportation (2)

Attracting Global Business (2)
Close proximity to the airport reduces transportation
costs (2)

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 Infrastructure is good (2)
Can stimulate economic growth in the region (2)
Simplifies customs processes and facilitates faster
clearance of goods (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.6 There are fewer factories on the orthophoto map (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.7 Planned irregular (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.8 Reduced Congestion thus shorter travel Times (2)

Lower fuel consumption (2)
less wear and tear (2)
traffic calming leads to lower accident rates (2)
better air quality has health benefits (2)
property values increase due to areas becoming
desirable (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1 (A) 29º 38’ 42’’ S 31º 4’ 52’’ E (1) (1 x 1) (1)

(B) Perennial water (1)

Fertile soil (1)
3 water pumps (1)
Windmill (1)
Wind turbine (1)
Electricity (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 Polygon feature (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.3 Row of trees (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.4 Easterly (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.5 The row of trees is to the east of the cultivated land (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.6 Secondary road (1)

Buildings (1)
Ruin (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

[30]
TOTAL: 150

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