Report For Rover

ROVER
Abstract:
Rocker bogie mechanism is sixed wheeled vehicle used to overcome

rough terrains while maintaining stability. It is spring less suspension
having six impendent drives having rocker arms which allows to climb over
obstacle. It absorbs high shock without spring or damper in order to go
over a vertical obstacle face, the front wheels are forced against the
obstacle by the centre and rear wheels. The rotation of the front wheel
then lifts the front of the vehicle up and over the obstacle. The middle
wheel is then pressed against the obstacle by the rear wheels and pulled
against the obstacle by the front until it is lifted up and over. Finally, the
rear wheel is pulled over the obstacle by the front two wheels. During
each wheel's traversal of the obstacle, forward progress of the vehicle is
slowed or completely halted. It was developed in 1988 for use of NASA
mars Rover for exploration in uneven terrain of planet Mars and later
become inspiring design in various applications such as Agriculture,
surveying and inspection in steep slopes and others application. It has
been used in the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover mission robots spirit and
opportunity in 2012 Mars Science laboratory mission's rover Curiosity the
Mars 2020 perseverance and ISRO’s Chandrayan 3 rover and Pragyan in
2023.
Objectives:
1. To sense Essential nutrients of soil for plant growth and productivity
using tracking nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
2.To sense soil moisture by probe is equipped with electrodes or other
sensing elements that interact with the soil to measure its moisture
content.
3.Roker bogie mechanism helps in running on uneven surface of
agriculture ground.
4.To get Real time monitoring status of soil terrain by Transmitted videos
Working principle
1.The sixed wheeled rocker bogie mechanism will absorb shocks by

uneven ground.
2. The Moisture content of soil will be measured by a soil moisture sensor
provides real-time data. The sensor usually consists of a probe or sensor
rod that is inserted into the soil. This probe is equipped with electrodes or
other sensing elements that interact with the soil to measure its moisture
content.
3.Simutaneously three probes of NPK sensors are dipped, when there is
increasing or decreasing ion interaction which results in conductivity
difference hence current and voltage value can known.
4.The solar power helps for energy efficiency driving without power
shortage in between operation.
5.The wireless modules and camera will collect data helps to know the
current status of agriculture land and can operate remotely from long
distance.
List of major components
1.Action camera
2.NPK sensor
3.Soil Moisture
4.Geared motors
5. Arduino
6.Transmitter & Receivers
7..Solar panel
8.Servo motor
9.lead acid battery
10.lipo battery
11.Inverter
1.ACTION CAMERA( FVP CAMERA A10 LST S2

OSD)
Action camera is generally used in
a rover so that we can examine the
places that are not human friendly
to reach. It provides us a clear &
detailed footage of the site that
it has been sent to, thus making
it easier for us to examine . it also prevents the rover from getting lost .
The action camera that we are using in this rover has an 120 degree of
wide angle and 10m distance of front view . Using the camera we get live
footage of fields , crops & livestock . with that we examine crop health .
It works with cooperation of the software designed according to the user
to make its decision for its safety choices .
2. NPK SENSOR
NPK Stands for nitrogen , phosphorus
and potassium respectively.
An NPK sensor is used to detect
the amount of nitrogen , phosphorus
and potassium present in the soil
these components plays a vital role
in the production of agricultural sector.
It also helps in the conduction transformation caused due to the presence
of NPK in the soil.
Working principal:-
It consist of 3 pin NPK respectively.

For measuring the amount of NPK present in the soil , these pins are
inserted in the soil , the electrolyte present in the soil reacts with the NPK
and sends an fluctuating electrical signal through their respective pin. If
the value of pin is from 0-15 the concentration of NPK in the soil is low, if
the value stays between 15-50 the concentration is moderate and if its
value exceed 50 it is of high concentration.
3.SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Soil moisture sensor is an electrical device
which allows us to measure the amount
of moisture in the soil . Its working is same
as that of an of an NPK sensor. It is also
measured through the help of signal by inserting the pin into the soil.
4.GEARED MOTOR
In a rover, a gear motor plays a
crucial role in translating electrical
energy into mechanical motion.
Whether it's navigating rough terrains
or adjusting the position of robotic arms
, gear motors provide the necessary
torque and control. Their compact design is particularly advantageous in
the limited space of a rover, ensuring efficient and reliable movement for
exploration and scientific tasks.
5.ARDUINO
Ardiuno is a versatile open-source
electronics platform that's perfec
t for both beginners and experienced
hobbyists. It consists of a programmable
circuit board, often referred to as a
microcontroller, and an easy-to-use
software IDE. With Arduino, you can
create interactive projects by writing code to control various components
like LEDs, sensors, and motors. Its simplicity and extensive community
support make it a go-to choice for those diving into the world of DIY
electronics and prototyping. Whether you're a coding novice or a
seasoned tinkerer, Arduino offers a playground for creativity in the realm
of electronics.
6. TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
Transmitter: Sends signals or information, converting data into a suitable

form for transmission.
Receiver: Captures and interprets incoming signals, converting them back

into usable information. Together, they form the core components of
communication systems.
7.SOLAR PANEL
Solar panels are devices that
convert sunlight into electricity
through the photovoltaic effect.
Composed of interconnected
solar cells, these panels generate
direct current (DC) electricity when exposed to sunlight. Widely used for
renewable energy generation, solar panels play a crucial role in sustainable
power production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating
environmental impact.
8. SERVO MOTOR
A servo motor is a type of rotary
actuator that provides precise
control of angular position.
It consists of a motor, feedback system
, and controller, making it ideal for
applications requiring accurate and
controlled movement, such as robotics and automation.
9.LEAD ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery is a rechargeable
energy storage device widely used
for various applications
, such as in vehicles and uninterruptible
power supplies. It consists of lead dioxide
and sponge lead immersed in sulfuric acid
electrolyte. Lead-acid batteries are known
for their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to deliver high currents.
However, they have limitations, including weight, maintenance
requirements, and the potential for environmental impact due to lead
content. Advances in technology are gradually introducing alternative
battery types with improved performance characteristics.
10.LIPO BATTERY
Lithium-polymer (LiPo) batteries are
rechargeable energy storage devices
known for their high energy density
and lightweight design. Commonly
used in electronics like smartphones,
drones, and RC vehicles, LiPo batteries
offer efficient power delivery but require
e careful handling to prevent safety risks, such as overcharging or
punctures that may lead to thermal runaway. Regular monitoring, proper
charging practices, and storage in cool conditions contribute to maximizing
the lifespan and safety of LiPo batteries.
11.INVERTER
In a rover, an inverter is used to
convert direct current (DC) power
from the vehicle's batteries into
alternating current (AC) power.
This is essential for powering devices
and systems that operate on AC,
such as scientific instruments, communication equipment, or any other
components that require alternating current for their functionality.
12.MOTOR DRIVER
A motor driver in a rover is a device
that controls the movement of motor
s, typically used for wheels or other
propulsion systems. It interprets signals
from the rover's control system and
regulates the power supplied to the
motors, determining their speed and direction. This component is crucial
for the rover's mobility and navigation.

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ROVER

Rocker bogie mechanism is sixed wheeled vehicle used to overcome

1.The sixed wheeled rocker bogie mechanism will absorb shocks by

1.ACTION CAMERA( FVP CAMERA A10 LST S2

It consist of 3 pin NPK respectively.

3.SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Transmitter: Sends signals or information, converting data into a suitable

Receiver: Captures and interprets incoming signals, converting them back

9.LEAD ACID BATTERY

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