1905 to 1920

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National Movement of India:

1905 to 1920
Partition of Bengal
(i) By Lord Curzon on Oct 16,
1905, through a royal Proclamation, reducing the old province of Bengal in size
by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of Bengal.
(ii) The objective was to

set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims.
(iii) A mighty upsurge swept the

country against the partition. National movement found real expression in the
movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
Swadeshi Movement (1905)
(i) Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo

Ghosh played the important role.
(ii) INC took the Swadeshi call
first at the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by G. K. Gokhale.
(iii) Bonfires of foreign goods

were conducted at various places.
Formation of Muslim League (1906)
(i) Setup in 1906 under the

leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(ii) It was a loyalist, communal

and conservative political organization which supported the partition of
Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi movement, demanded special safeguards to its
community and a separate electorate for Muslims.
Demand for Swaraj
(i) In Dec 1906 at Calcutta,

the INC under Dadabhai Naoroji adopted ‘Swaraj’ (Self-govt) as the goal of
Indian people. Surat Session of Indian National Congress (1907):
(ii) The INC split into

two groups The extremists and The moderates, at the Surat session in 1907.
Extremists were led by Bal, Pal, Lal while the moderates by G. K. Gokhale.
Indian
Councils Act or Minto Morley Reforms (1909)
(i) Besides other

constitutional measures, it envisaged a separate electorate for Muslims.
(ii) Aimed at dividing the

nationalist ranks and at rallying the Moderates and the Muslims to the
Government’s side.
Ghadar
Party (1913)
(i) Formed by Lala Hardayal,

Taraknath Das and Sohan Singh Bhakna.
(ii) HQ was at San Francisco.
Home
Rule Movement (1916)
(i) Started by B. G. Tilak
(April, 1916) at Poona and Annie Besant and S. Subramania Iyer at Adyar, near
Madras (Sept, 1916).
(ii) Objective: Self government

for India in the British Empire.
(iii) Tilak linked up the

question of Swaraj with the demand for the formation of Linguistic States and
education in vernacular language. He gave the slogan: Swaraj is my birth right
and I will have it.
Lucknow
Pact (1916)
(i) Happened following a war

between Britain and Turkey leading to anti-British feelings among Muslims.
(ii) Both
INC and Muslim League concluded this (Congress accepted the separate
electorates and both jointly demanded for a representative government and
dominion status for the country).
August
Declaration (1917)
(i) After the Lucknow Pact, a
British policy was announced which aimed at increasing association of Indians
in every branch of the administration for progressive realization of
responsible government in India as an integral part of the British empire. This
came to be called the August Declaration.
Rowlatt
Act (March 18, 1919)
(i) This gave unbridled

powers to the govt. To arrest and imprison suspects without trial for two years
maximum. This law enabled the Government to suspend the right of Habeas
Corpus,
which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.
(ii) Caused a wave of anger in

all sections. It was the first country-wide agitation by Gandhiji and marked
the foundation of the Non Cooperation Movement.
Jallianwala
Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919)
(i) People were

agitated over the arrest of Dr. Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal on April 10, 1919.
(ii) General O’Dyer fires at
people who assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.
(iii) As a result hundreds of men,

women and children were killed and thousands injured.
(iv) Rabindranath Tagore

returned his Knighthood in protest. Sir Shankaran Nair resigned from Viceroy’s
Executive Council after this. Hunter Commission was appointed to enquire into
it.
(v) On March 13, 1940, Sardar

Udham Singh killed O’Dyer when the later was addressing a meeting in Caxton
Hall, London.
Khilafat
Movement (1920)
(i) Muslims were agitated by

the treatment done with Turkey by the British in the treaty that followed the
First World War.
(ii) Two brothers, Mohd. Ali and

Shaukat Ali started this movement.

1905 to 1920

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National Movement of India:

(ii) The objective was to

(iii) A mighty upsurge swept the

Swadeshi Movement (1905)

(i) Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo

(iii) Bonfires of foreign goods

Formation of Muslim League (1906)

(i) Setup in 1906 under the

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

(ii) It was a loyalist, communal

Demand for Swaraj

(i) In Dec 1906 at Calcutta,

(ii) The INC split into

(i) Besides other

(ii) Aimed at dividing the

(i) Formed by Lala Hardayal,

(ii) HQ was at San Francisco.

(ii) Objective: Self government

(iii) Tilak linked up the

(i) Happened following a war

(i) This gave unbridled

(ii) Caused a wave of anger in

(i) People were

(iii) As a result hundreds of men,

(iv) Rabindranath Tagore

(v) On March 13, 1940, Sardar

(i) Muslims were agitated by

(ii) Two brothers, Mohd. Ali and

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