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    Week3 Part1 LA17601b

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    pradnyesh.lm21
    Liberal Arts Course Notes

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    Week3 Part1 LA17601b

    Uploaded by

    pradnyesh.lm21
    1 views17 pages
    Liberal Arts Course Notes

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    Week3.Part1.LA17601b

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    Liberal Arts Course Notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views17 pages

    Week3 Part1 LA17601b

    Uploaded by

    pradnyesh.lm21
    Liberal Arts Course Notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Fallacies: 9-14

    9. & 10. Hasty Generalization & Accident

    ‘Hasty generalization’ is also called ‘converse accident.’


    • Don’t go down to River Road. I was down there
    once and got mugged. They’re all thieves down
    there.
    • I am sure their President will be reasonable
    about the matter. After all, man is a rational
    animal.
    11. Slippery Slope
    • We should oppose any effort by government to censor
    obscene books, movies, or other forms of expression, no
    matter how offensive we may find such material. The reason
    is that once government has the power to ban obscenity,
    that precedent will open the door to further controls on
    speech: banning racist remarks, then speech that the
    majority finds offensive, then speech that opposes
    government policies, and so on until no one is free to say
    anything without government permission.
    12. Complex Question
    • A complex question involves asking a question in such
    a way as to presuppose the truth of some conclusion
    buried in that question.
    • When a question is complex, and all of its
    presuppositions are to be denied, they must be
    denied individually.
    • Why is the private development of resources so much
    more efficient than any government-owned
    enterprise?
    Lawyer: The figures seem to indicate that your sales
    increased as a result of these misleading
    advertisements. Is that correct?
    Witness: They did not!
    Lawyer: But you do admit, then, that your
    advertisement was misleading. How long have you
    been engaging in practices like these?
    13. Begging the Question: Petitio Principii
    • To beg the question is to assume the truth of what
    one seeks to prove, in the effort to prove it. The
    premise(s) and the conclusion tend to be identical in
    such cases. Such arguments are also called circular
    arguments.
    •All of us cannot be famous, because all of
    cannot be well known.
    --Jesse Jackson, 1984
    • To allow every man unbounded freedom of
    speech must always be, on the whole,
    advantageous to the state; for it is highly
    conducive to the interests of the community that
    each individual should enjoy a liberty, perfectly
    unlimited, of expressing his sentiments.
    • To allow every man unbounded freedom of speech
    must always be, on the whole, advantageous to the
    state; for it is highly conducive to the interests of the
    community that each individual should enjoy a liberty,
    perfectly unlimited, of expressing his sentiments.
    • “advantageous to the state” = “highly conducive to
    the interests of the community”
    • “allow every man unbounded freedom of speech” =
    “each individual should enjoy a liberty, perfectly
    unlimited, of expressing his sentiments”
    14. Irrelevant Conclusion: Ignoratio Elenchi
    • The fallacy of ignoratio elenchi is committed when an
    argument purporting to establish a particular
    conclusion is instead directed to proving a different
    conclusion. Also called a diversion or a non sequitur
    (meaning: ‘it does not follow’). Most fallacies can be
    grouped under this fallacy to some extent, but the
    term is used when none of the other fallacies have
    been committed.
    • An attorney is always free to consult law books.
    And a physician often looks up cases in medical
    texts. Everyone should be allowed a similar
    freedom of reference. So students should be
    permitted to use their textbooks during
    examinations.
    15 & 16: Composition and Division
    • I’m sure this outfit will look great. It’s got
    leopard print, zebra print, plaid, and polka dots,
    and I like each of those patterns.
    • This car is made by Honda. So every part of this
    car is made by Honda.

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