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    Mi RNAs

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    ayansher700

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Mi RNAs

    Uploaded by

    ayansher700
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    miRNAs

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    Mi RNAs

    Uploaded by

    ayansher700

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MICRO RNAs

     Name: Ahsan Sher.


     Class: 1st Year.
     Batch: A.
     Roll no: 07.
     Topic: MICRO RNAs.
     Submitted to: Dr. Ehsan.

    Introduction (MICRO RNAs):


    Micro RNAs are small, single-stranded RNA molecules, up to 22 nucleotides long
    that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Despite their small
    size, miRNAs have a significant impact on gene expression in all eukaryotic
    organisms.
    Here is detailed information about structure, formation in the body, functions
    and importance.
    1. Structure of miRNAs:
     MiRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences in nucleus by RNA
    POLYMERASE II or III, which results in the formation of primary
    miRNA transcripts.
     1’ miRNAs are several hundred nucleotides log and have a hair pin
    structure, these long strands are processed into precursor miRNAs
    by microprocessor complex, which contains enzyme Drosha and its
    cofactor, DGCR8. Pre-miRNAs are around 70 nucleotides, stem-
    loop structures.
    2. Biogenesis of miRNAs:
    After synthesis in nucleus pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm
    by exportin-S. here pre-miRNAs are further processed by enzyme Dicer,
    resulting in a double-stranded RNA, one strand out of which is incorporated
    into RNA induced silencing factor complex (RISC), while the other strand, aka
    passenger strand, is degraded. The mature miRNAs guide the RISC to target
    mRNAs by base-pairing with complementary sequences, located at 3’
    untranslated regions of mRNAs.
    3. Functions of miRNAs:
    miRNAs regulate gene expression by binding with target mRNAs, by
    mRNA degradation or translational repression mechanisms.
    4. Importance of miRNAs:
    MICRO RNAs

     miRNAs play an important role in most of the biological processes,


    including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and
    other metabolic reactions.
     Deregulations of miRNAs cause a vast range of human diseases,
    disorders and autoimmune responses.
     miRNAs are also used as biomarkers in the body fluids, such as
    blood and urine, for diagnosis of different diseases.

    So, miRNAs are essential for gene expression regulation, it is also


    crucial for unrevealing molecular mechanisms underlying normal
    physiology and pathological conditions.

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