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RILEM Bookseries

Freek P. Bos
Sandra S. Lucas
Rob J. M. Wolfs
Theo A. M. Salet Editors

Second RILEM
International
Conference
on Concrete and
Digital Fabrication
Digital Concrete 2020
Second RILEM International Conference on
Concrete and Digital Fabrication
RILEM BOOKSERIES
Volume 28

RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction

Materials, Systems and Structures, founded in 1947, is a non-governmental scientific
association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sciences,
techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communication it fosters
between research and practice. RILEM’s focus is on construction materials and their
use in building and civil engineering structures, covering all phases of the building
process from manufacture to use and recycling of materials. More information on
RILEM and its previous publications can be found on www.RILEM.net.
Indexed in SCOPUS, Google Scholar and SpringerLink.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8781

Freek P. Bos Sandra S. Lucas
• •

Rob J. M. Wolfs Theo A. M. Salet

•

Editors

Second RILEM International

Conference on Concrete
and Digital Fabrication
Digital Concrete 2020

123
Editors
Freek P. Bos Sandra S. Lucas
Built Environment Built Environment
Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven University of Technology
Eindhoven, The Netherlands Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Rob J. M. Wolfs Theo A. M. Salet

Built Environment Built Environment
Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven University of Technology
Eindhoven, The Netherlands Eindhoven, The Netherlands

ISSN 2211-0844 ISSN 2211-0852 (electronic)

RILEM Bookseries
ISBN 978-3-030-49915-0 ISBN 978-3-030-49916-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7
© RILEM 2020
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
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permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of
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Permission for use must always be obtained from the owner of the copyright: RILEM.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface

It is our great pride and pleasure to present to you the proceedings of Digital
Concrete 2020, the 2nd RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital
Fabrication. More than 100 papers await you, collected from around the globe.
Digital Concrete was initiated by the RILEM Technical Committee 276 Digital
Fabrication with cement-based materials. Starting in 2016, this committee has stood
at the cradle of an impetuously growing field of technologies and associated
research. Driven by the promise of increased productivity and speed, reduced
material use and cost, and enhanced geometrical freedom, digital fabrication
methods with cement-based materials have taken a flight. The number of papers has
tripled since the first Digital Concrete conference, held in September of 2018 at the
ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Distinctive areas of research within the field are
becoming discernable, such as mixture design, rheology & fresh state behaviour,
hardened properties, and structural engineering. Technology, equipment and digital
design strategies, is a particular field of research that more than ever plays a key role
in the development of cement-based manufacturing. It builds new collaborations
between previously unrelated fields of expertise. A significant number of contri-
butions in each of these areas can be found in these proceedings. In addition, we
also find papers aimed at applications, as well as studies on the impact of these
technologies, such as life cycle and economic analyses. This mirrors the expansive
growth of ‘real’ applications.
Professional associations are setting up and expanding working groups.
Figuratively speaking, we are moving from childhood into adolescence. This means
our capabilities are growing rapidly, and every day we can do more—better, faster,
and higher. This brings joy and excitement. However, whilst our capabilities are
growing, so are our responsibilities. Digital fabrication with cement-based materials
will need to provide quality, safety, and sustainability. Academics and professionals
need to reach out to make sure that scientific results, ranging from the quantification
of ‘printability’ to shrinkage control, from low-emission binders to reinforcement,
from interface properties to design methodology and many more, find their way into
practice. Vice versa, lessons and needs from industry should guide research
directions and priorities. Digital Concrete is the platform where this synergy is

v
vi Preface

forged. We extent a virtual warm welcome to you, as this 2020 edition proceeds
online in tumultuous times when the COVID-19 virus shakes our world. In addi-
tion, we hope to see you in person too at the on-location Digital Concrete 2020 (re)
visited workshop in Eindhoven in 2021.
Digital Concrete 2020 presents an outstanding line-up of keynote speakers that
represent the state-of-the-art of research across the globe. Once again, Digital
Concrete has teamed up with Cement & Concrete Research to deliver a dedicated
special issue containing 13 papers from renowned experts in the field, including the
keynote speakers. Furthermore, the Dutch magazine Cement publishes a theme
issue in Dutch with selected proceedings papers, for the local professional market.
We would like to thank all the authors for their contributions: their excellent
work provides the backbone of the conference and allows the world to learn and
grow. We thank the keynote speakers and gratefully acknowledge the support of
RILEM and the Scientific and Organizing Committees. A special word of gratitude
goes to our sponsors, which at the time of writing included Saint Gobain Weber
Beamix, Sika, and Twente Additive Manufacturing (platinum), Bekaert (gold), and
BASF and Dow (Silver).
Finally, we thank you, reader and conference participant, and hope you will
enjoy an inspiring conference.

July 2020 Freek Bos

Rob Wolfs
Sandra Lucas
Theo Salet
Organization

Conference Committees
Conference Chair
Theo A. M. Salet Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands

Conference Vice Chair

Freek P. Bos Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands

International Scientific Committee

Nicolas Roussel (Chair) IFSTTAR, France
Alexandre Pierre University of Cergy-Pontoise, France
Alper Yıkıcı MEF University, Turkey
Arnaud Perrot University of Southern Brittany, France
Asko Fromm University of Wismar, Germany
Behzad Nematollahi Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Chalermwut Snguanyat SCG Cement-Building Materials Co., Ltd.,
Thailand
Christoph Gehlen Technical University of Munich, Germany
Costantino Menna University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Dietmar Stephan Technical University of Berlin, Germany
Dirk Lowke TU Braunschweig, Germany
Domenico Asprone University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Fabrice Toussaint LafargeHolcim, France
Freek Bos Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
Geert De Schutter Ghent University, Belgium
Giovanni Volpatti CEMEX Research Group AG, Switzerland

vii
viii Organization

Harald Kloft TU Braunschweig, Germany

Hélène Lombois-Burger LafargeHolcim Ltd, France
Jaime Mata-Falcón ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Jay Sanjayan Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Kim Van Tittelboom Ghent University, Belgium
Ksenija Vasilic German Society for Concrete and Construction
Technology, Germany
Liberato Ferrara Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Miguel Azenha University of Minho, Portugal
Mohammed Sonebi Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Nathan Tregger GCP Applied Technologies, USA
Philippe Leblond University of Paris-Est, France
Richard Buswell Loughborough University, UK
Rob Wolfs Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
Robert Flatt ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Roel Schipper TU Delft, The Netherlands
Rolands Cepuritis Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Norway
Sandra Lucas Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
Sandra Nunes University of Porto, Portugal
Sandro Moro BASF Construction Chemicals Italia Spa, Italy
Scott Z. Jones National Institute of Standards and Technology,
USA
Sébastien Rémond University of Orléans, France
Shiho Kawashima Columbia University, USA
Steffen Grunewald Ghent University, Belgium
Theo Salet Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
Timothy Wangler ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Venkatesh Naidu Nerella TU Dresden, Germany
Viktor Mechtcherine TU Dresden, Germany
Vítor Cunha University of Minho, Portugal
Wilson Leal da Silva Danish Technological Institute, Denmark
Xiangming Zhou Brunel University London, UK
Zhendi Wang Brunel University London, UK

Local Organizing Committee

Freek P. Bos (Chair)
Theo A. M. Salet
Rob J. M. Wolfs
Sandra S. Lucas
Organization ix

Lauri Hass
Karsten Nefs
Derk Bos
Zeeshan Y. Ahmed
Stefan Chaves Figueiredo
Naomi van Hierden
Monique van Gaalen
Ginny Vissers
Department of the Built Environment
Eindhoven University of Technology
Eindhoven, the Netherlands
Contents

Mixture Design, Admixtures and Alternative Binder

An Fe-Rich Slag-Based Mortar for 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Glenn Beersaerts, Sandra S. Lucas, and Yiannis Pontikes
Enhancing Buildability of 3D Printable Concrete by Spraying
of Accelerating Admixture on Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Shantanu Bhattacherjee and Manu Santhanam
Effect of Wollastonite Micro-Fiber Addition on Properties
of 3D-Printable ‘Just-Add-Water’ Geopolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Shin Hau Bong, Behzad Nematollahi, Arun R. Arunothayan, Ming Xia,
and Jay Sanjayan
Synthesis of Hybridized Rheological Modifiers
for 3D Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
AlaEddin Douba, Clare Chan, Stephanie Berrios, and Shiho Kawashima
Control of Strand Properties Produced with Shotcrete 3D Printing
by Accelerator Dosage and Process Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Inka Dressler, Niklas Freund, and Dirk Lowke
Comparison of Printable Inorganic Binders - Key Properties for 3D
Printable Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Tamino Hirsch, Tobias Dorn, Clemens Ehm, and Dietmar Stephan
Design of Energy-Efficient White Portland Cement Mortars
for Digital Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Sibel Kurt, Yiğit A. Atalay, Ozan E. Aydın, Berrak Avcıoğlu,
Tayfun Yıldırım, Gizem B. Göktepe, Sedat Emir, Zeynep B. Bundur,
and Halime Ö. Paksoy

xi
xii Contents

Use of the Chemical and Mineral Admixtures to Tailor

the Rheology and the Green Strength of 3D Printing
Cementitious Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Mohammad Amin Moeini, Masoud Hosseinpoor, and Ammar Yahia
Characterising Concrete Mixes for 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Atteyeh S. Natanzi and Ciaran McNally
Digital Fabrication of ‘Just-Add-Water’ Geopolymers:
Effects of Curing Condition and Print-Time Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Behzad Nematollahi, Shin Hau Bong, Ming Xia, and Jay Sanjayan
Advances in Binder-Jet 3D Printing of Non-cementitious Materials . . . . 103
Pietro Odaglia, Vera Voney, Benjamin Dillenburger,
and Guillaume Habert
Rubber-Cement Composites for Additive Manufacturing: Physical,
Mechanical and Thermo-Acoustic Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Matteo Sambucci, Marco Valente, Abbas Sibai, Danilo Marini,
Alessia Quitadamo, and Ettore Musacchi
Properties of Composite Modified with Limestone Powder for 3D
Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Szymon Skibicki, Maria Kaszyńska, Nawid Wahib, Mateusz Techman,
Karol Federowicz, Adam Zieliński, Tomasz Wróblewski,
Norbert Olczyk, and Marcin Hoffmann
Effect of Limestone Powder Substitution on Fresh and Hardened
Properties of 3D Printable Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Yaxin Tao, Karel Lesage, Kim Van Tittelboom, Yong Yuan,
and Geert De Schutter
Rheology Evaluation of Cement Paste with Nanoclays, Nanosilica
and Polymeric Admixtures for Digital Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Hugo Varela, Gonzalo Barluenga, and Irene Palomar
Geopolymer Formulation for Binder Jet 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Vera Voney, Pietro Odaglia, Coralie Brumaud, Benjamin Dillenburger,
and Guillaume Habert
Lightweight Concrete 3D Printing by Selective Cement
Activation – Investigation of Thermal Conductivity, Strength
and Water Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Daniel Weger, Heejeong Kim, Daniel Talke, Klaudius Henke,
Thomas Kränkel, and Christoph Gehlen
Contents xiii

Rheology and Fresh State Behaviour

Numerical Model Describing the Early Age Behavior of 3D Printed
Concrete – Work in Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Sebastian Andersen, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Ieva Paegle,
and Jens Henrik Nielsen
Characterisation of the Layer Pressing Strategy
for Concrete 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Paul Carneau, Romain Mesnil, Nicolas Ducoulombier, Nicolas Roussel,
and Olivier Baverel
A Compendious Rheo-Mechanical Test for Printability Assessment
of 3D Printable Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Seung Cho, Jacques Kruger, Frederick Bester, Marchant van den Heever,
Algurnon van Rooyen, and Gideon van Zijl
Effect of Metakaolin, Fly Ash and Polypropylene Fibres on Fresh
and Rheological Properties of 3D Printing Based Cement Materials . . . 206
M. Dedenis, M. Sonebi, S. Amziane, A. Perrot, and G. Amato
“The Slug Test”: Inline Assessment of Yield Stress
for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Nicolas Ducoulombier, Paul Carneau, Romain Mesnil, Léo Demont,
Jean-François Caron, and Nicolas Roussel
Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D-Printed Concrete Made
with Dune Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Hilal El-Hassan, Fady Alnajjar, Hamad Al Jassmi, and Waleed Ahmed
An Experimental Testing Procedure to Assess the Buildability
Performance of 3D Printed Concrete Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Laura Esposito, Costantino Menna, Domenico Asprone, Chiara Rossino,
and Maurizio Marchi
Investigation on the Rheological Behavior of Lightweight Foamed
Concrete for 3D Printing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Devid Falliano, Giuseppe Crupi, Dario De Domenico, Giuseppe Ricciardi,
Luciana Restuccia, Giuseppe Ferro, and Ernesto Gugliandolo
Experimental Investigation on the Early Age Tensile Strength
of Fiber Reinforced Mortar Used in 3D Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . 255
Marta Fioretti, K. Sriram Kompella, Francesco Lo Monte, Laura Esposito,
Costantino Menna, Sandro Moro, Domenico Asprone,
and Liberato Ferrara
Transition from Fluid to Solid Concrete in the Flexible
Mould Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Steffen Grünewald and Roel Schipper
xiv Contents

Physico-Chemical Characterization at Early-Age of 3D

Printed Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Ilhame Harbouz, Emmanuel Roziere, Ammar Yahia, and Ahmed Loukili
Gravity Driven Tests to Assess Mechanical Properties of Printable
Cement-Based Materials at Fresh State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Yohan Jacquet, Vincent Picandet, Damien Rangeard, and Arnaud Perrot
Characterizing Extrudability for 3D Concrete Printing Using Discrete
Element Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Roshan Jayathilakage, Jay Sanjayan, and Pathmanathan Rajeev
Investigation on Structural Build-Up of 3D Printable
Foam Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Viacheslav Markin, Irina Ivanova, Shirin Fataei, Silvia Reißig,
and Viktor Mechtcherine
Effect of Cement Type and Limestone Powder Content
on Extrudability of Lightweight Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Carla Matthäus, Daniel Back, Daniel Weger, Thomas Kränkel,
Jennifer Scheydt, and Christoph Gehlen
Numerical Modeling of an Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing
Process Considering a Spatially Varying Pseudo-Density Approach . . . 323
Meron Mengesha, Albrecht Schmidt, Luise Göbel, and Tom Lahmer
Evaluating the Influence of Aggregate Content on Pumpability of 3D
Printable Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Manu K. Mohan, A. V. Rahul, Kim Van Tittelboom,
and Geert De Schutter
2D Numerical Modelling of Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective
Paste Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Alexandre Pierre, Daniel Weger, Arnaud Perrot, and Dirk Lowke
Effect of Vibration on the Rheology of Concrete for 3D Printing . . . . . . 353
K. Pattaje Sooryanarayana, P. Stynoski, and D. Lange
Prediction of the Yield Stress of Printing Mortar Ink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Sergis Vasileios, Malo Charrier, and Claudiane M. Ouellet-Plamondon
Dynamic and Static Yield Stress Determination of Cementitious
Paste with Admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Karim Zongo, Malo Charrier, Corentin Duval,
and Claudiane M. Ouellet-Plamondon
Penetration Study of Liquid in Powder Bed for 3D
Powder-Bed Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Wenqiang Zuo, Chenghao Dong, Emmanuel Keita,
and Nicolas Roussel
Contents xv

Mechanical Performance
Quantitative Evaluation of Orientation of Steel Fibers in 3D-Printed
Ultra-High Performance Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Arun R. Arunothayan, Behzad Nematollahi, Jay Sanjayan, Ravi Ranade,
Shin Hau Bong, and Kamal Khayat
Steel Fiber Links in 3D Printed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Frederick Bester, Marchant van den Heever, Jacques Kruger, Seung Cho,
and Gideon van Zijl
Mechanical Characterization of Cement-Based Mortar Used
in 3DCP Including Early-Age Creep Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Lorenzo Casagrande, Laura Esposito, Costantino Menna,
Domenico Asprone, and Ferdinando Auricchio
Influence of Pumping/Extrusion on the Air-Void System of 3D
Printed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Arnesh Das, Yu Song, Sara Mantellato, Timothy Wangler,
Robert J. Flatt, and David A. Lange
Fire Behavior of a Printed Sample for Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Melody D’Hondt, Sébastien Rémond, Philippe Leblond, Bunthan Iea,
Estelle Hynek, and Nicolas Pinoteau
Effect of Metallic Fibers on the Print Quality and Strength of 3D
Printed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Rashid Hameed, Aurélie Papon, Arnaud Perrot, and Damien Rangeard
Facilitating Ductile Failure of 3D Printed Concrete Elements
in Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Jacques Kruger, Antonio Cicione, Frederick Bester, Marchant van den
Heever, Seung Cho, Richard Walls, and Gideon van Zijl
High-Performance Light-Weight Concrete for 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . 459
Malek Mohammad, Eyad Masad, Thomas Seers,
and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi
Mechanical Characterization of Layer-by-Layer Interface
in Concrete Elements Obtained by Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . 468
Rosanna Napolitano, Costantino Menna, Domenico Asprone,
and Lorenzo Del Giudice
Dynamic Behaviour of Layered 3D Printed Concrete Elements . . . . . . . 478
Rosanna Napolitano, Costantino Menna, Daniele Forni,
Domenico Asprone, and Ezio Cadoni
xvi Contents

Characterizing the Fissility of 3D Concrete Printed Elements

via the Cohesive Zone Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Marchant van den Heever, Frederick Bester, Mohammad Pourbehi,
Jacques Kruger, Seung Cho, and Gideon van Zijl
3D Printing of Concrete: The Influence on Chloride Penetration . . . . . . 500
Jolien Van Der Putten, Melissa De Volder, Philip Van den Heede,
Geert De Schutter, and Kim Van Tittelboom
Effect of Heat Curing and E6-Glass Fibre Reinforcement Addition
on Powder-Based 3DP Cement Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Pshtiwan Shakor, Shami Nejadi, and Nadarajah Gowripalan
Effect of Polypropylene Fibres on the Mechanical Properties
of Extrudable Cementitious Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Thadshajini Suntharalingam, Brabha Nagaratnam,
Keerthan Poologanathan, Phil Hackney, and Jeffri Ramli
Improving the Bonding Adhesion of the Cold Joints of Normal
and Lightweight 3D Printing Mortars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Kho P. Verian, Jarron Ashcroft, Matthew D. Carli, Randall P. Bright,
Eerik Maandi, Avak Avakian, and Edouard Baaklini
Interlayer Effect on Fracture Behavior of 3D Printing Concrete . . . . . . 537
Yun-Chen Wu, Jason Cotrell, and Mo Li
Auxetic Behavior of Cementitious Cellular Composites Under
Uniaxial Compression and Cyclic Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Yading Xu, Erik Schlangen, and Branko Šavija
Impact of Particle Size and Grading on Aggregate-Bed 3D
Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Shiwei Yu, Jay Sanjayan, and Hongjian Du
Drying of 3D Printed Mortar Filaments at Early Age Assessed
by X-Ray Computed Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Wenqiang Zuo, Emmanuel Keita, Michel Bornert,
and Nicolas Roussel

Structural Engineering and Reinforcement

Printed Concrete as Formwork Material: A Preliminary Study . . . . . . . 575
Michiel Bekaert, Kim Van Tittelboom, and Geert De Schutter
Bond of Reinforcement Cable in 3D Printed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Freek Bos, Steven Dezaire, Zeeshan Ahmed, Anne Hoekstra,
and Theo Salet
Contents xvii

Experimental Investigation of Topology-Optimized Deep Reinforced

Concrete Beams with Reduced Concrete Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Yan Liu, Jackson L. Jewett, and Josephine V. Carstensen
Studying the Bond Properties of Vertical Integrated Short
Reinforcement in the Shotcrete 3D Printing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
Niklas Freund, Inka Dressler, and Dirk Lowke
Aligned Interlayer Fibre Reinforcement and Post-tensioning as a
Reinforcement Strategy for Digital Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Lukas Gebhard, Jaime Mata-Falcón, Ana Anton, Joris Burger,
Ena Lloret-Fritschi, Lex Reiter, Benjamin Dillenburger, Fabio Gramazio,
Matthias Kohler, Robert Flatt, and Walter Kaufmann
Bending and Pull-Out Tests on a Novel Screw Type Reinforcement
for Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Lauri Hass and Freek Bos
Load Carrying Capacity and Failure Mode of 3D Printing Mortar
Wall Panel Under Axial Compression Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Patiphat Jiramarootapong, Lapyote Prasittisopin, Chalermwut Snguanyat,
Ganchai Tanapornraweekit, and Somnuk Tangtermsirikul
Application of 3D Printed Segments Designed by Topology
Optimization Analysis to a Practical Scale Prestressed
Pedestrian Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Koji Kinomura, Satoshi Murata, Yujin Yamamoto, Hirotoshi Obi,
and Akihito Hata
Potential Approaches for Reinforcing Complex Concrete Structures
with Integrated Flexible Formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Minu Lee, Jaime Mata-Falcón, Mariana Popescu, Philippe Block,
and Walter Kaufmann
Penetration Reinforcing Method for 3D Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . 680
Taylor Marchment and Jay Sanjayan
Combining Multiple Loads in a Topology Optimization Framework
for Digitally Fabricated Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Tommaso Pastore, Costantino Menna, and Domenico Asprone
Potential for the Integration of Continuous Fiber-Based
Reinforcements in Digital Concrete Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Martin Scheurer, Gözdem Dittel, and Thomas Gries
3D Concrete Printing on Site: A Novel Way of Building Houses? . . . . . 712
Jolien Van Der Putten, Alex Van Olmen, Marijke Aerts, Emiel Ascione,
Joeri Beneens, Jan Blaakmeer, Geert De Schutter,
and Kim Van Tittelboom
xviii Contents

Design Optimization for 3D Concrete Printing: Improving

Structural and Thermal Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
Gieljan Vantyghem, Marijke Steeman, Wouter De Corte, and Veerle Boel
Flexural Behaviour of AR-Glass Textile Reinforced 3D Printed
Concrete Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
Weiqiang Wang, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Simon A. Austin,
Richard A. Buswell, Sergio Cavalaro, and Domenico Cecinia

Digital design, Technologies and Industrialization

3D Concrete Printing - Free Form Geometries with Improved
Ductility and Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Zeeshan Ahmed, Alessia Biffi, Lauri Hass, Freek Bos, and Theo Salet
Print-Cast Concrete: Additive Manufacturing for 3D Printing
Mortar in Robotically Fabricated Green Sand Molds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Christopher A. Battaglia, Martin F. Miller, and Kho P. Verian
3D Printing of a Cement-Based Mortar in a Complex Fluid
Suspension: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Tests . . . . . . . . . . . 768
Abdeslam Benamara, Alexandre Pierre, Abdelhak Kaci,
and Yannick Melinge
Experimental Study on 3D Printing of Concrete with Overhangs . . . . . 778
Francis Brun, Florindo Gaspar, Artur Mateus, João Vitorino,
and Francisco Diz
Inspection Methods for 3D Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
Richard Buswell, Peter Kinnell, Jie Xu, Norman Hack, Harald Kloft,
Mehdi Maboudi, Markus Gerke, Peter Massin, Georg Grasser, Rob Wolfs,
and Freek Bos
DIGITAL CONSTRUCTION: 3D Printing for Performative Houses . . . 804
Paolo Cascone, Maddalena Laddaga, and Federico Forestiero
Extended Lattice Model to Simulate the Printing Process of 3D
Printed Cementitious Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Ze Chang, Erik Schlangen, and Branko Šavija
Quality Assessment of Printable Strain Hardening Cementitious
Composites Manufactured in Two Different Printing Facilities . . . . . . . 824
Stefan C. Figueiredo, Anne L. van Overmeir, Karsten Nefs,
Erik Schlangen, Theo A. M. Salet, Branko Šavija, Akke S. J. Suiker,
and Freek P. Bos
More Than Meets the Eye? Robotisation and Normativity
in the Dutch Construction Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Chantal E. Muishout, Tom N. Coggins, and H. Roel Schipper
Contents xix

Influence of Processing Parameters on the Layer Geometry

in 3D Concrete Printing: Experiments and Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
Raphael Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Thomas Juul Andersen,
Henrik Stang, and Jon Spangenberg
Automating Concrete Construction: Digital Design of Non-prismatic
Reinforced Concrete Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863
Eduardo Costa, Paul Shepherd, John Orr, Tim Ibell, and Robin Oval
Free Deposition Printing for Space Truss Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
Romain Duballet, Romain Mesnil, Nicolas Ducoulombier, Paul Carneau,
Leo Demont, Mahan Motamedi, Olivier Baverel, Jean-François Caron,
and Justin Dirrenberger
Rapid Composite Formwork: An Automated and Customizable
Process for Freeform Concrete Through Computational
Design and Robotic Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883
Guy E. Gardner, Kristen Forward, Kim Tse, and Karan Sharma
Simultaneous Reinforcement of Concrete While 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . 895
Omar Geneidy, Sujay Kumarji, Alexandre Dubor, and Aldo Sollazzo
Additive Manufacturing by Extrusion of Lightweight
Concrete - Strand Geometry, Nozzle Design and Layer Layout . . . . . . . 906
Klaudius Henke, Daniel Talke, and Carla Matthäus
Extrusion Nozzle Shaping for Improved 3DP of Engineered
Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
Wes McGee, Tsz Yan Ng, Kequan Yu, and Victor C. Li
Buildability of Geopolymer Concrete for 3D Printing
with Microwave Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
Shravan Muthukrishnan, Sayanthan Ramakrishnan, and Jay Sanjayan
High-Resolution Additive Formwork for Building-Scale
Concrete Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936
Roberto Naboni and Luca Breseghello
Architectural Applications and Workflows for Additive Fabrication
with Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946
Pfeiffer Sven, Tobias Dorn, Tamino Hirsch, Clemens Ehm,
Dietmar Stephan, and Dimitrios Vassiliadis
ACDC: The Admixture Controlled Digital Casting and Its
Application to Thin Folded Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956
Anna Szabo, Lex Reiter, Ena Lloret-Fritschi, Timothy Wangler,
Fabio Gramazio, Matthias Kohler, and Robert J. Flatt
xx Contents

Robot-Controlled Fabrication of Sprayed Concrete Elements

as a Cyber-Physical-System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
Ilija Vukorep, Gregor Zimmermann, and Tino Sablotny
Reinforced Particle-Bed Printing by Combination of the Selective
Paste Intrusion Method with Wire and Arc Additive
Manufacturing – A First Feasibility Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
Daniel Weger, Daniel Baier, Alexander Straßer, Sophia Prottung,
Thomas Kränkel, Andreas Bachmann, Christoph Gehlen, and Michael Zäh
Knitting Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
Helena Westerlind and José Hernández
Concrete 3D Printing: System Development, Process Planning
and Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998
Yu Wang, Shuaishuai Li, Tian Qin, Ying Yu, and Jianzhuang Xiao
Shape Accuracy Evaluation of Geopolymer Specimens Made Using
Particle-Bed 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
Ming Xia, Behzad Nematollahi, and Jay Sanjayan

Sustainability, LCA and Economical Analyses

Environmental Impacts of 6-Axes Robotic Arm for 3D
Concrete Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
Kateryna Kuzmenko, Adélaïde Feraille, Olivier Baverel,
and Nicolas Roussel
Preliminary Productivity Analysis of Conventional, Precast and 3D
Printing Production Techniques for Concrete Columns
with Simple Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031
Raitis Pekuss and Borja García de Soto
Preliminary Study of the Implications of 3D Printing
on the Construction Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
Ayyagari Ramani and Borja Garcia de Soto

Applications and Case Studies

Fast Complexity: Additive Manufacturing for Prefabricated Concrete
Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
Ana Anton, Andrei Jipa, Lex Reiter, and Benjamin Dillenburger
Architectonic Explorations of the Possibilities of 3D Concrete
Printing: The Historic Building Fragment as Inspiration
for New Applications with 3D Concrete Printing in Architecture . . . . . . 1078
Juliette Bekkering, Barbara Kuit, Alessia Biffi, and Zeeshan Yunus Ahmed
Contents xxi

A Robust Mortar and Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

J. Blaakmeer and B. Lobo
Design and Fabrication of a Non-standard, Structural
Concrete Column Using Eggshell: Ultra-Thin, 3D Printed Formwork . . 1104
Joris Burger, Ena Lloret-Fritschi, Nizar Taha, Fabio Scotto,
Thibault Demoulin, Jaime Mata-Falcón, Fabio Gramazio,
Matthias Kohler, and Robert J. Flatt
Complex Architecture in Printed Concrete: The Case of the Innsbruck
University 350th Anniversary Pavilion COHESION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116
G. Grasser, L. Pammer, H. Köll, E. Werner, and F. P. Bos
Shotcrete 3D Printing Technology for the Fabrication of Slender Fully
Reinforced Freeform Concrete Elements with High Surface Quality:
A Real-Scale Demonstrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128
Norman Hack and Harald Kloft
UHPFRC Pavilion of 3-Dimentional Pentagon Tiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138
Sung-Gul Hong, John Juhyung Chun, Sung-Hoon Kang,
and Minsoo Kim
Field Considerations for Deploying Additive Construction . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
Eric Kreiger, Brandy Diggs-McGee, Tanner Wood, Bruce MacAllister,
and Megan Kreiger
Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Beams: Mechanical Optimisation
and 3D-Printed Formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
Sébastien Maitenaz, Romain Mesnil, Paul Onfroy, Nicolas Metge,
and Jean-François Caron
Thermal and Sound Insulation of Large-Scale 3D Extrusion
Printing Wall Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174
Lapyote Prasittisopin, Kittisak Pongpaisanseree, Patiphat Jiramarootapong,
and Chalermwut Snguanyat

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

RILEM Publications

The following list is presenting the global offer of RILEM Publications, sorted by
series. Each publication is available in printed version and/or in online version.

RILEM Proceedings (PRO)

PRO 1: Durability of High Performance Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-03-9; e-ISBN:

2-351580-12-5; e-ISBN: 2351580125); Ed. H. Sommer
PRO 2: Chloride Penetration into Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-00-04; e-ISBN:
2912143454); Eds. L.-O. Nilsson and J.-P. Ollivier
PRO 3: Evaluation and Strengthening of Existing Masonry Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-02-0; e-ISBN: 2351580141); Eds. L. Binda and C. Modena
PRO 4: Concrete: From Material to Structure (ISBN: 2-912143-04-7; e-ISBN:
2351580206); Eds. J.-P. Bournazel and Y. Malier
PRO 5: The Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-
05-5; e-ISBN: 2351580214); Eds. J. G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villarreal
PRO 6: High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites - HPFRCC 3
(ISBN: 2-912143-06-3; e-ISBN: 2351580222); Eds. H. W. Reinhardt and
A. E. Naaman
PRO 7: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete
(ISBN: 2-912143-09-8; e-ISBN: 2912143721); Eds. Å. Skarendahl and
Ö. Petersson
PRO 8: International RILEM Symposium on Timber Engineering (ISBN:
2-912143-10-1; e-ISBN: 2351580230); Ed. L. Boström

xxiii
xxiv RILEM Publications

PRO 9: 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Adhesion between Polymers and

Concrete ISAP ’99 (ISBN: 2-912143-11-X; e-ISBN: 2351580249); Eds. Y. Ohama
and M. Puterman
PRO 10: 3rd International RILEM Symposium on Durability of Building and
Construction Sealants (ISBN: 2-912143-13-6; e-ISBN: 2351580257); Eds.
A. T. Wolf
PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking
in Pavements (ISBN: 2-912143-14-4; e-ISBN: 2351580265); Eds.
A. O. Abd El Halim, D. A. Taylor and El H. H. Mohamed
PRO 12: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and
Tests (ISBN: 2-912143-15-2; e-ISBN: 2351580273); Eds. P. Bartos, C. Groot and
J. J. Hughes
PRO 13: 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Hydration and Setting (ISBN:
2-912143-16-0; e-ISBN: 2351580281); Ed. A. Nonat
PRO 14: Integrated Life-Cycle Design of Materials and Structures - ILCDES 2000
(ISBN: 951-758-408-3; e-ISBN: 235158029X); (ISSN: 0356-9403); Ed. S. Sarja
PRO 15: Fifth RILEM Symposium on Fibre-Reinforced Concretes (FRC) -
BEFIB’2000 (ISBN: 2-912143-18-7; e-ISBN: 291214373X); Eds. P. Rossi and
G. Chanvillard
PRO 16: Life Prediction and Management of Concrete Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-19-5; e-ISBN: 2351580303); Ed. D. Naus
PRO 17: Shrinkage of Concrete – Shrinkage 2000 (ISBN: 2-912143-20-9; e-ISBN:
2351580311); Eds. V. Baroghel-Bouny and P.-C. Aïtcin
PRO 18: Measurement and Interpretation of the On-Site Corrosion Rate (ISBN:
2-912143-21-7; e-ISBN: 235158032X); Eds. C. Andrade, C. Alonso, J. Fullea,
J. Polimon and J. Rodriguez
PRO 19: Testing and Modelling the Chloride Ingress into Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-22-5; e-ISBN: 2351580338); Eds. C. Andrade and J. Kropp
PRO 20: 1st International RILEM Workshop on Microbial Impacts on Building
Materials (CD 02) (e-ISBN 978-2-35158-013-4); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 21: International RILEM Symposium on Connections between Steel and
Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-25-X; e-ISBN: 2351580346); Ed. R. Eligehausen
PRO 22: International RILEM Symposium on Joints in Timber Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-28-4; e-ISBN: 2351580354); Eds. S. Aicher and H.-W. Reinhardt
PRO 23: International RILEM Conference on Early Age Cracking in Cementitious
Systems (ISBN: 2-912143-29-2; e-ISBN: 2351580362); Eds. K. Kovler and
A. Bentur
RILEM Publications xxv

PRO 24: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Frost Resistance of Concrete

(ISBN: 2-912143-30-6; e-ISBN: 2351580370); Eds. M. J. Setzer, R. Auberg and
H.-J. Keck
PRO 25: International RILEM Workshop on Frost Damage in Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-31-4; e-ISBN: 2351580389); Eds. D. J. Janssen, M. J. Setzer and
M. B. Snyder
PRO 26: International RILEM Workshop on On-Site Control and Evaluation of
Masonry Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-34-9; e-ISBN: 2351580141); Eds. L. Binda
and R. C. de Vekey
PRO 27: International RILEM Symposium on Building Joint Sealants (CD03;
e-ISBN: 235158015X); Ed. A. T. Wolf
PRO 28: 6th International RILEM Symposium on Performance Testing and
Evaluation of Bituminous Materials - PTEBM’03 (ISBN: 2-912143-35-7; e-ISBN:
978-2-912143-77-8); Ed. M. N. Partl
PRO 29: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Life Prediction and Ageing
Management of Concrete Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-36-5; e-ISBN: 2912143780);
Ed. D. J. Naus
PRO 30: 4th International RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composites - HPFRCC 4 (ISBN: 2-912143-37-3; e-ISBN:
2912143799); Eds. A. E. Naaman and H. W. Reinhardt
PRO 31: International RILEM Workshop on Test and Design Methods for Steel
Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Background and Experiences (ISBN: 2-912143-38-1;
e-ISBN: 2351580168); Eds. B. Schnütgen and L. Vandewalle
PRO 32: International Conference on Advances in Concrete and Structures 2 vol.
(ISBN (set): 2-912143-41-1; e-ISBN: 2351580176); Eds. Ying-shu Yuan, Surendra
P. Shah and Heng-lin Lü
PRO 33: 3rd International Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-42-X; e-ISBN: 2912143713); Eds. Ó. Wallevik and I. Níelsson
PRO 34: International RILEM Conference on Microbial Impact on Building
Materials (ISBN: 2-912143-43-8; e-ISBN: 2351580184); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 35: International RILEM TC 186-ISA on Internal Sulfate Attack
and Delayed Ettringite Formation (ISBN: 2-912143-44-6; e-ISBN: 2912143802);
Eds. K. Scrivener and J. Skalny
PRO 36: International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Science and Engineering –
A Tribute to Arnon Bentur (ISBN: 2-912143-46-2; e-ISBN: 2912143586);
Eds. K. Kovler, J. Marchand, S. Mindess and J. Weiss
PRO 37: 5th International RILEM Conference on Cracking in Pavements –
Mitigation, Risk Assessment and Prevention (ISBN: 2-912143-47-0; e-ISBN:
2912143764); Eds. C. Petit, I. Al-Qadi and A. Millien
xxvi RILEM Publications

PRO 38: 3rd International RILEM Workshop on Testing and Modelling the
Chloride Ingress into Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-48-9; e-ISBN: 2912143578);
Eds. C. Andrade and J. Kropp
PRO 39: 6th International RILEM Symposium on Fibre-Reinforced Concretes -
BEFIB 2004 (ISBN: 2-912143-51-9; e-ISBN: 2912143748); Eds. M. Di Prisco,
R. Felicetti and G. A. Plizzari
PRO 40: International RILEM Conference on the Use of Recycled Materials in
Buildings and Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-52-7; e-ISBN: 2912143756);
Eds. E. Vázquez, Ch. F. Hendriks and G. M. T. Janssen
PRO 41: RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials
and Systems for Sustainable Development (ISBN: 2-912143-55-1; e-ISBN:
2912143640); Eds. N. Kashino and Y. Ohama
PRO 42: SCC’2005 - China: 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance
and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-61-6; e-ISBN:
2912143624); Eds. Zhiwu Yu, Caijun Shi, Kamal Henri Khayat and Youjun Xie
PRO 43: International RILEM Workshop on Bonded Concrete Overlays (e-ISBN:
2-912143-83-7); Eds. J. L. Granju and J. Silfwerbrand
PRO 44: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Microbial Impacts on Building
Materials (CD11) (e-ISBN: 2-912143-84-5); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 45: 2nd International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction, Bilbao
(ISBN: 2-912143-87-X; e-ISBN: 2912143888); Eds. Peter J. M. Bartos, Yolanda
de Miguel and Antonio Porro
PRO 46: ConcreteLife’06 - International RILEM-JCI Seminar on Concrete
Durability and Service Life Planning: Curing, Crack Control, Performance in Harsh
Environments (ISBN: 2-912143-89-6; e-ISBN: 291214390X); Ed. K. Kovler
PRO 47: International RILEM Workshop on Performance Based Evaluation and
Indicators for Concrete Durability (ISBN: 978-2-912143-95-2; e-ISBN:
9782912143969); Eds. V. Baroghel-Bouny, C. Andrade, R. Torrent and
K. Scrivener
PRO 48: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Advances in Concrete through
Science and Engineering (e-ISBN: 2-912143-92-6); Eds. J. Weiss, K. Kovler,
J. Marchand, and S. Mindess
PRO 49: International RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber Reinforced
Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications (ISBN: 2-912143-93-4;
e-ISBN: 2912143942); Eds. G. Fischer and V. C. Li
PRO 50: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Textile Reinforced Concrete
(ISBN: 2-912143-97-7; e-ISBN: 2351580087); Eds. Josef Hegger, Wolfgang
Brameshuber and Norbert Will
RILEM Publications xxvii

PRO 51: 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Concrete through

Science and Engineering (ISBN: 2-35158-003-6; e-ISBN: 2-35158-002-8);
Eds. J. Marchand, B. Bissonnette, R. Gagné, M. Jolin and F. Paradis
PRO 52: Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation (ISBN:
2-35158-004-4; e-ISBN: 2-35158-005-2); Eds. O. M. Jensen, P. Lura and
K. Kovler
PRO 53: High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites - HPFRCC5
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-046-2; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-089-9); Eds. H. W. Reinhardt
and A. E. Naaman
PRO 54: 5th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-047-9; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-088-2); Eds. G. De Schutter and
V. Boel
PRO 55: International RILEM Symposium Photocatalysis, Environment and
Construction Materials (ISBN: 978-2-35158-056-1; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-057-8);
Eds. P. Baglioni and L. Cassar
PRO 56: International RILEM Workshop on Integral Service Life Modelling of
Concrete Structures (ISBN 978-2-35158-058-5; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-090-5);
Eds. R. M. Ferreira, J. Gulikers and C. Andrade
PRO 57: RILEM Workshop on Performance of cement-based materials in
aggressive aqueous environments (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-059-2); Ed. N. De Belie
PRO 58: International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Modelling - CONMOD’08
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-060-8; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-076-9); Eds. E. Schlangen and
G. De Schutter
PRO 59: International RILEM Conference on On Site Assessment of Concrete,
Masonry and Timber Structures - SACoMaTiS 2008 (ISBN set: 978-2-35158-061-5;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-075-2); Eds. L. Binda, M. di Prisco and R. Felicetti
PRO 60: Seventh RILEM International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete:
Design and Applications - BEFIB 2008 (ISBN: 978-2-35158-064-6; e-ISBN: 978-
2-35158-086-8); Ed. R. Gettu
PRO 61: 1st International Conference on Microstructure Related Durability of
Cementitious Composites 2 vol., (ISBN: 978-2-35158-065-3; e-ISBN: 978-2-
35158-084-4); Eds. W. Sun, K. van Breugel, C. Miao, G. Ye and H. Chen
PRO 62: NSF/ RILEM Workshop: In-situ Evaluation of Historic Wood and
Masonry Structures (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-068-4); Eds. B. Kasal, R. Anthony and
M. Drdácký
PRO 63: Concrete in Aggressive Aqueous Environments: Performance, Testing
and Modelling, 2 vol., (ISBN: 978-2-35158-071-4; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-082-0);
Eds. M. G. Alexander and A. Bertron
xxviii RILEM Publications

PRO 64: Long Term Performance of Cementitious Barriers and Reinforced

Concrete in Nuclear Power Plants and Waste Management - NUCPERF 2009
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-072-1; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-087-5); Eds. V. L’Hostis,
R. Gens, C. Gallé
PRO 65: Design Performance and Use of Self-consolidating Concrete - SCC’2009
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-073-8; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-093-6); Eds. C. Shi, Z. Yu,
K. H. Khayat and P. Yan
PRO 66: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Concrete Durability and Service
Life Planning - ConcreteLife’09 (ISBN: 978-2-35158-074-5; ISBN: 978-2-35158-
074-5); Ed. K. Kovler
PRO 67: Repairs Mortars for Historic Masonry (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-083-7);
Ed. C. Groot
PRO 68: Proceedings of the 3rd International RILEM Symposium on ‘Rheology of
Cement Suspensions such as Fresh Concrete (ISBN 978-2-35158-091-2; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-092-9); Eds. O. H. Wallevik, S. Kubens and S. Oesterheld
PRO 69: 3rd International PhD Student Workshop on ‘Modelling the Durability of
Reinforced Concrete (ISBN: 978-2-35158-095-0); Eds. R. M. Ferreira, J. Gulikers
and C. Andrade
PRO 70: 2nd International Conference on ‘Service Life Design for Infrastructure’
(ISBN set: 978-2-35158-096-7, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-097-4); Ed. K. van Breugel,
G. Ye and Y. Yuan
PRO 71: Advances in Civil Engineering Materials - The 50-year Teaching
Anniversary of Prof. Sun Wei’ (ISBN: 978-2-35158-098-1; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-
099-8); Eds. C. Miao, G. Ye, and H. Chen
PRO 72: First International Conference on ‘Advances in Chemically-Activated
Materials – CAM’2010’ (2010), 264 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-101-8; e-ISBN: 978-
2-35158-115-5, Eds. Caijun Shi and Xiaodong Shen
PRO 73: 2nd International Conference on ‘Waste Engineering and Management -
ICWEM 2010’ (2010), 894 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-102-5; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-
103-2, Eds. J. Zh. Xiao, Y. Zhang, M. S. Cheung and R. Chu
PRO 74: International RILEM Conference on ‘Use of Superabsorsorbent Polymers
and Other New Addditives in Concrete’ (2010) 374 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-104-9;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-105-6; Eds. O. M. Jensen, M. T. Hasholt, and S. Laustsen
PRO 75: International Conference on ‘Material Science - 2nd ICTRC - Textile
Reinforced Concrete - Theme 1’ (2010) 436 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-106-3;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-107-0; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 76: International Conference on ‘Material Science - HetMat - Modelling of
Heterogeneous Materials - Theme 2’ (2010) 255 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-108-7;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-109-4; Ed. W. Brameshuber
RILEM Publications xxix

PRO 77: International Conference on ‘Material Science - AdIPoC - Additions

Improving Properties of Concrete - Theme 3’ (2010) 459 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-
110-0; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-111-7; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 78: 2nd Historic Mortars Conference and RILEM TC 203-RHM Final
Workshop – HMC2010 (2010) 1416 pp., e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-112-4;
Eds. J. Válek, C. Groot, and J. J. Hughes
PRO 79: International RILEM Conference on Advances in Construction Materials
Through Science and Engineering (2011) 213 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-116-2,
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-117-9; Eds. Christopher Leung and K. T. Wan
PRO 80: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Concrete Spalling due to Fire
Exposure (2011) 453 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-118-6, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-119-3;
Eds. E. A. B. Koenders and F. Dehn
PRO 81: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Strain Hardening Cementitious
Composites (SHCC2-Rio) (2011) 451 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-120-9, e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-121-6; Eds. R. D. Toledo Filho, F. A. Silva, E .A. B. Koenders
and E. M. R. Fairbairn
PRO 82: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Progress of Recycling in the
Built Environment (2011) 507 pp., e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-122-3; Eds. V. M. John,
E. Vazquez, S. C. Angulo and C. Ulsen
PRO 83: 2nd International Conference on Microstructural-related Durability of
Cementitious Composites (2012) 250 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-129-2; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-123-0; Eds. G. Ye, K. van Breugel, W. Sun and C. Miao
PRO 84: CONSEC13 - Seventh International Conference on Concrete under
Severe Conditions – Environment and Loading (2013) 1930 pp., ISBN:
978-2-35158-124-7; e-ISBN: 978-2- 35158-134-6; Eds. Z. J. Li, W. Sun,
C. W. Miao, K. Sakai, O. E. Gjorv & N. Banthia
PRO 85: RILEM-JCI International Workshop on Crack Control of Mass Concrete
and Related issues concerning Early-Age of Concrete Structures – ConCrack 3 –
Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures 3 (2012) 237 pp., ISBN:
978-2-35158-125-4; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-126-1; Eds. F. Toutlemonde and
J.-M. Torrenti
PRO 86: International Symposium on Life Cycle Assessment and Construction
(2012) 414 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-127-8, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-128-5;
Eds. A. Ventura and C. de la Roche
PRO 87: UHPFRC 2013 – RILEM-fib-AFGC International Symposium on
Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (2013), ISBN:
978-2-35158-130-8, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-131-5; Eds. F. Toutlemonde
PRO 88: 8th RILEM International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete
(2012) 344 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-132-2, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-133-9;
Eds. Joaquim A. O. Barros
xxx RILEM Publications

PRO 89: RILEM International workshop on performance-based specification and

control of concrete durability (2014) 678 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-135-3, e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-136-0; Eds. D. Bjegović, H. Beushausen and M. Serdar
PRO 90: 7th RILEM International Conference on Self-Compacting Concrete and
of the 1st RILEM International Conference on Rheology and Processing of
Construction Materials (2013) 396 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-137-7, e-ISBN: 978-2-
35158-138-4; Eds. Nicolas Roussel and Hela Bessaies-Bey
PRO 91: CONMOD 2014 - RILEM International Symposium on Concrete
Modelling (2014), ISBN: 978-2-35158-139-1; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-140-7; Eds.
Kefei Li, Peiyu Yan and Rongwei Yang
PRO 92: CAM 2014 - 2nd International Conference on advances in chemically-
activated materials (2014) 392 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-141-4; e-ISBN: 978-2-
35158-142-1; Eds. Caijun Shi and Xiadong Shen
PRO 93: SCC 2014 - 3rd International Symposium on Design, Performance and
Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete (2014) 438 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-143-8;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-144-5; Eds. Caijun Shi, Zhihua Ou, Kamal H. Khayat
PRO 94 (online version): HPFRCC-7 - 7th RILEM conference on High perfor-
mance fiber reinforced cement composites (2015), e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-146-9;
Eds. H. W. Reinhardt, G. J. Parra-Montesinos, H. Garrecht
PRO 95: International RILEM Conference on Application of superabsorbent
polymers and other new admixtures in concrete construction (2014), ISBN: 978-2-
35158-147-6; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-148-3; Eds. Viktor Mechtcherine, Christof
Schroefl
PRO 96 (online version): XIII DBMC: XIII International Conference on
Durability of Building Materials and Components(2015), e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-
149-0; Eds. M. Quattrone, V. M. John
PRO 97: SHCC3 – 3rd International RILEM Conference on Strain Hardening
Cementitious Composites (2014), ISBN: 978-2-35158-150-6; e-ISBN: 978-2-
35158-151-3; Eds. E. Schlangen, M. G. Sierra Beltran, M. Lukovic, G. Ye
PRO 98: FERRO-11 – 11th International Symposium on Ferrocement and 3rd
ICTRC - International Conference on Textile Reinforced Concrete (2015), ISBN:
978-2-35158-152-0; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-153-7; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 99 (online version): ICBBM 2015 - 1st International Conference on
Bio-Based Building Materials (2015), e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-154-4; Eds.
S. Amziane, M. Sonebi
PRO 100: SCC16 - RILEM Self-Consolidating Concrete Conference (2016),
ISBN: 978-2-35158-156-8; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-157-5; Ed. Kamal H. Kayat
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