New Pe Module

Philippine Traditional
(folk and ethnic) Dances

WEEK 6
KNOWLEDGE ENRICHMENT
A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After this lesson, you should be able to:
 Identify the different concepts of rhythm, and the history of the
Philippine Folk Dances.
 Appreciate the value of knowing the cultural significance of the
Philippine Folk Dances.
 Perform the basic movements utilized in Dancing.
B. INTRODUCTION
Dance, rhythmic and expressive body movement, usually coordinated
into a pattern and adapted to musical accompaniment. Almost all-
important occasions in the life of ‘the primitive man was celebrated by
dancing: birth, death, marriage, war, a new leader, the healing of the sick,
prayer; for the rain. sun, fertility, protection, and forgiveness were all
expressed through dancing.
C. LESSON PROPER
WHAT IS FOLK DANCE?
Folk dances are the indigenous dances of any specific “folk” or the
common people. Folk dances are traditional customary or recreational
forms of a given country which have evolved naturally and were handed
down across generations. It is also a social expression through movement
with rhythmic accompaniment which is characteristics of a community
life of the people of different nationalities.
Folk dances are related to everything of importance in our daily lives
such as customs, rituals, and occupations of a specific group of people.
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Most of these dances are related in origin to religious belief, festivals,
ceremonies of birth, courtship, marriage, death, war and countless themes
common to all people around the world.
WHO INTRODUCED FOLK DANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES?
Francisca Reyes Aquino is the first National Artist for

Dance and the Mother of Philippine Folk Dance. She is
acknowledged as the pioneer of folk dancing in the
Philippines.
She began her research on folk dances in the 1920s,

making trips to remote barrios in Central and Northern
Luzon. Her research on the unrecorded forms of local
celebration, ritual and sport resulted in a 1926 thesis
titled “Philippine Folk Dances and Games”, and
Figure 4.1 Francisca Reyes
Aquino is considered as the arranged specifically for use by teachers and playground
Mother of Philippine Folk instructors in public and private schools.
Danc
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOLK, NATIONAL AND ETHNIC DANCES

Folk dances are traditional dances found in a certain country, while;
National dances are also
traditional folk dances but have a
national scope. National dances
are popular and widely danced
throughout a given country, often
with a number of regional
variations.
Figure 4.2 Cariñosa is one of the examples of
Pandango is also an example of National dances
National dances. It has several
variations coming from both Luzon
and Visayas Islands. Even without one
locality, dancers have different ways
of performing it. Example of
Pandango dances are Pandango sa Figure 4.3 Pandango sa Ilaw is also one of the
examples of National dances. It is said to have
Ilaw, Pandango Dumagueteño,
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Pandango Ilocano, Pandango Visayan, originated from Mindoro
Pandango Ivatan and Pandango
Rinconada.
● Ethnic dances or ethnological dances are those performed in primitive

tribes. Ethnic dances can be performed in three (3) different categories:
Ritual, Life-cycle and Occupational. Below are the examples of the different
types of ethnic dances:
RITUAL DANCE
Dances that depict ritual
ceremonies.
Example:
Dugso (Bukidnon) is danced during

harvest time and upon the birth of a Figure 4.4 Dugso is a thanksgiving dance of the tribe
male heir. in the Province of Bukidnon, Philippines
LIFE-CYCLE DANCE
Dances relating to the cycle of human

life such as birthing, courtship,
wedding and funeral.
Example:
Daling-daling (Sulu) is a famous

courtship dance which means "My
Love, My Love". Figure 4.5 Daling-daling is also enjoyed by the
audience since they can take part in the performance
while singing with the dancers
OCCUPATIONAL DANCE
Dances that exhibit work and

occupation of the dancers.
Examples:
Mag-Asik (Cotabato) According to
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the natives the word "mag-asik"
means to sow seeds.
Mananagat (Cebu) is occupational

dance which imitates the work of a
fisherman and his companions.
All national and ethnic dances are folk dances, but not all folk dances are
considered national or ethnic dances. The Philippines has very rich and varied
folk dances. There are hundreds of traditional dance collections found in the
country that are mostly for all occasions.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES

There are several ways to classify Philippine folk dances. According to Francisca
Reyes Aquino, folk dances may be classified by:
● Geographical extent of origin
● Nature
● Speed of movement
● Formation
● Distinguishing feature
Lately folkloric specialists merged regional and functional classifications to sort

out the different dance materials (Lopez, 2006). The three major regional
classifications of Philippine folk dances are:
● TRIBAL DANCES FROM THE CORDILLERAS – include non-Christian

dances from the Cordilleras.
● LOWLAND CHRISTIAN DANCES – dances coming from places with
Western influences (Tagalogs, Ilokanos, Pampangueños, Pangasinense,
Bisayans and Bicolanas. These dances are influenced by Hispanic and
European cultures.
● MUSLIM DANCES – dances from the people of the Southern Islands of the
Philippines such as Mindanao and Sulu. These dances are influenced by
Arabic and Indo-Malayan cultures.
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Philippine folk dances, regardless of their classifications may also categorize as:
LIFE-CYCLE DANCES – dances that serve as ritual as one passes to a different

stage in life such as from birth to childhood to adulthood; from singlehood to
marriage; and from life to death. Different dances that portray cycle are
courtship dances, wedding dances and funeral dances.
FESTIVAL DANCES – dances that

are either religious or secular and are
connected with the celebration of
recurring events of special
significance. Examples are:
Sinulog Festival – A religious festival

in the Philippines celebrated in Cebu
every January.
Ati-Atihan Festival – One-of-a-kind

Figure 4.7 Sinulog festival from Cebu, Philippines
festival in the Philippines held in is one of the examples of festival dance
Aklan.
Dinagyang Festival – The religious

festival in the Philippines that
celebrates the feast of the Santo Niño
and the pact between the Datus and
locals in Iloilo City.
OCCUPATIONAL DANCES –
dances that depict the means of
livelihood of the Filipino people.
Example:
Figure 4.8 Palay festival from Rizal, Nueva Ecija
Palay festival – is an example of an is one of the examples of occupational dance
occupational dance wherein dancers
portray different steps in rice
growing, from planting to harvesting
to threshing, flailing, pounding, airing
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and winnowing (Aquino, 1979)
RITUAL AND CEREMONIAL DANCES – dances performed as part of the

rituals and ceremonies of a certain tribe or group of people.
GAME DANCES – derivations from local folk games. One example of this
dance is the Pukol dance from Aklan and Capiz in the Panay Region. “Pukol”
means “to strike” or bump each other. (Aquino 1979)
MIMETIC OR DRAMA DANCES – dances that mimic or imitate animals,

inanimate objects or other people. The dancers get into roles themselves and
become actors totally immersed in the story that dances tell.
Example;
Itik-Itik Dance from Surigao as
it imitates the movements of a duck.
IMPORTANCE OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE
✔ People have been doing folk dances for hundreds of DID YOU KNOW?
years, and there is value keeping that tradition alive. Folk dancing is a bridge
✔ Folk dances are important because they preserve the between a physical regime
and a way of life. Dancing is
Philippine culture and pass it onto the next generation. like just doing a workout
They are a uniting force to the Philippine people. but it has to be fun or
✔
meaningful. (Griffin Na.,
Different folk dances are important because that is one 2019) Researchers are
way to tell other people what they need to know about learning that regular
our culture. physical activity in general
can help keep your body,
✔ Showcasing different folk dances is also the way that including your brain,
healthy as you age.
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITY 4.1 IDENTIFICATION
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INSTRUCTION: Identify whether the following dances are relating to
NATIONAL DANCE, RITUAL DANCE, LIFE-CYCLE DANCE,
OCCUPATIONAL DANCE, FESTIVAL DANCE, GAME DANCE or MIMETIC
DANCE. Write your answer in the CSTC Green Booklet.
1. Dugso 6. Mananagat
2. Pandanggo Ilokano 7. Dinagyang
3. Pukol dance 8. Sinulog
4. Daling-daling 9. Mag-asik
5. Cariñosa 10. Pandanggo Ivatan
ACTIVITY 4.2 TRUE OR FALSE

INSTRUCTION: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is
wrong. Do this in your CSTC Green Booklet.
1. Most folk dances are related to everything of importance in our daily lives
such as occupations, rituals and customs.
2. All national and ethnological dances are folk dances, but not all folk dances
are considered national or ethnic dances.
3. Daling-daling dance is an example of ritual dance.
4. Ethnic dances can be performed in ritual, occupational and Muslim dances.
5. Pukol dance is an example of game dance from Aklan.
6. The Philippines have very rich and varied folk dances.
7. Dugso dance is a thanksgiving dance of the people from Sulu.
8. Mag-asik dance is an example of life-cycle dance.
9. Different Muslim dances are influenced by Arabic and Indo-Malayan
cultures.
10. Mimetic dances are performed by imitating other dances in the Philippines.
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read carefully each statement and write the LETTER of the best
answer in your CSTC Green Booklet.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Francisca Reyes

Aquino?
a. She is the first National Artist for dance.
b. She began her research on folk dances in the 1930s.
c. She is considered as the Mother of Philippine folk dance.
d. She is acknowledged as the pioneer of folk dancing in the Philippines.
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2. Which of the following regional classifications of Philippine folk dances are
influenced by Hispanic cultures?
a. Life-cycle dances c. Muslim dances
b. Lowland Christian dances d. Tribal dances from the Cordilleras
3. Which of the following is a popular courtship dance in Sulu and also enjoyed
by the audience?
a. Ati-Atihan b. Daling-daling c. Dugso d. Mag-Asik
4. The following dances are the different types of ethnic dances that can be
performed, EXCEPT.
a. Life-cycle dance c. Occupational dance
b. Lowland Christian dance d. Ritual dance
5. Which of the following dances is usually danced by the people from
Mindanao and Sulu?
a. Lowland Christian dances c. Muslim dances
b. Mimetic dances d. Tribal dances
6. Which of the following dances is relating to a different stage in life of people?
a. Festival dance c. Mimetic dance
b. Life-cycle dance d. Occupational dance
7. Complete the analogy below:
ETHNIC DANCE: Ritual dance DUGSO: _______
a. It is a famous courtship dance in Sulu
b. It is danced by the people from Cotabato
c. It is a dance which imitates the work of a fisherman
d. It is usually danced during harvest time of the people from Bukidnon
8. Which of the following dances is popular and widely danced throughout a
given country?
a. Ethnic dances c. National dances
b. Folk dances d. Ritual dances
FESTIVAL DANCE: Dinagyang Festival
OCCUPATIONAL DANCE: __________
a. Daling-daling c. Palay
b. Dugso d. Pukol
10. Your P.E teacher announced that your section will perform a dance which
imitates other people or animals. Your section’s dance performance will be
performed on Foundation Day. Which of the following types of Philippine
Folk Dance should your class perform?
a. Game dance c. Mimetic dance
b. Lowland Christian dance d. Ritual dance
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CHARACTER ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read and answer the question below. Write your answer in your
CSTC Green Booklet (10 points) You will be graded using the
following criteria:
CLARITY OF INFORMATION 5 points
GRAMMAR USAGE 5 points
10 points
What are the ways you will show that you give value and respect the different
Philippine Folk Dances?
LESSON 7 FUNDAMENTAL FOLK DANCE

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STEPS AND BASIC POSITIONS
WEEK 7
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Demonstrate different basic fundamental dance steps in folk dance and
basic positions
• Engages in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) for at least
60 minutes most days of the week in a variety of settings in-and out of
school.
• Appreciate the importance of folk dances in the Philippines
B. INTRODUCTION
Last lesson, we have discussed about Philippine Folk Dance. You have also
familiarized with the different types of Philippine Folk Dance. Well, in this
lesson you will recognize with the different Basic Positions of Arms and Feet in
Folk Dance and the Fundamental Basic Steps. Your involvement in each part of
different activities will give you multiple opportunities to learn self-assessment
procedure to experience dance-related activities even at your home and to
sustain lifelong fitness.
C. LESSON PROPER
BASIC FUNDAMENTAL POSITION OF ARMS AND FEET
The basic fundamental positions of arms and feet in folk dance are important for
starters because this helps in basic steps and posture when it comes to folk
dance. Arms and feet movement is important with these fundamental
movements.
There are five fundamental or basic positions in dance that are commonly
termed as 1st position, 2nd position, 3rd position, 4th position, and 5th position
of the feet and arms. The mastery of these positions is essential to a child’s
further development in dance. These positions comprise the most basic and
most important strong hold in dancing.
Here are the five basic positions of arms and feet in folk dance:
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POSITION ARMS FEET COMBINATION
1ST
POSITION
Low first. Heels close
Palms face down. together and toes
Raised arms to a are apart with an
circle, in front of the angle of 45⁰
chest. degrees.
Weight is on both
feet.
2nd
POSITION
Bring both arms
raised sideward with Feet parallel at
a graceful curve, about shoulder
elbows relaxed. level.
Elbows are about the Weight is on both
level of the chest. feet.
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3rd
POSITION Raise right (left) arm
overhead, elbow
Heel on one foot is
slightly rounded.
close to the instep
Left (right) arm
of the other foot.
raised at the side (in
second position)
4th
POSITION
With right (left) arm
overhead, bring left Bring one foot in
(right) arm in first front of other foot
position in front. of a pace distance.
5th
POSITION
Raised both arms Heels of front foot

overhead, fingers close to the big toe
almost touching of rear foot.
elbows slightly
rounded.
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FUNDAMENTAL FOLK DANCE STEPS
Most folk dances are based on several fundamental dance steps. Philippine folk
dances should have simple, basic rhythm that dominates the dance and
establishes the pattern of movement (Lopez, 2006) For example, the National
dance Cariñosa, the basic steps is similar to waltz and the music is ¾ time
signatures. Another example is “Polka sa Nayon”, in which this dance has an
average difficulty, with different variations of the polka step being used all
throughout, with a lively tune to go by it.
It is vital to review and learn the different fundamental dance steps in order to
perform several folk dances. The origin of these steps varies and depends on the
influences of different cultures. The following are some of the fundamental’s steps
that are useful in learning how to perform folk dance steps.
RHYTHMIC
DANCE TIME
COUNTS PER STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
STEP SIGNATURE
MEASURE
Step right (left) foot in fourth position
in front,
Change
2/4 time 1, and 2 Step left (right) foot close to right (left)
Step
foot,
Step right (left) foot quickly, in place
Raise step left (right) foot in fourth in
front,
Raise step right (left) close to left
1, and, 2,
Polka 2/4 time (right) foot in third position in rear,
and
Raise step left (right) foot in fourth
position in front,
(count and) pause
Bleking
2/4 time 1, 2 Heel-place, close
Step
Heel
and Toe
2/4 time 1,2 / 1 and 2 Heel-place, toe-point, step, close, step
Change
Step
Hop
2/4 time 1, 2 Step, hop
Step
Waltz ¾ time 1,2,3 Step left (right) foot in fourth position
in front,
Step right (left) close to left (right) foot
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in first or third position in rear,
Step left (right), just like in fourth
position
Waltz
¾ time 1, 2, 3 Step, close-heels raise, heels down
Balance
Step right (left) foot obliquely forward
Step left (right) foot across the right
Sway
(left) foot in front,
Balance
¾ time 1, 2, 3 Step right (left) obliquely backward
with a
right,
point
Point (left) right foot in fourth or third
position in front
(Step right (left) foot obliquely
forward
Sway Step left (right) foot across the right
Balance (left) foot in front,
¾ time 1, 2, 3
with a Step right (left) obliquely backward
hop right,
Hop (left) right foot in fourth or third
position in front
NOTE: There are a lot of fundamental dance steps in folk dance but the steps included in this list are only those that can
easily execute by the students while at home with the guide of the teacher and prepared supplementary videos on how to
execute those steps.
Source: Fundamental Dance Steps and Music by Francisca Reyes Aquino (1965)
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL INSTRUCTION: All answers for the Activities, Application,
Assessment and Character Enhancement are to be written in the CSTC
green booklet and NOT on the module itself 😃
ACTIVITY 5.1 COMPLETE ME!

Instructions: Complete the missing parts of the Basic Fundamental Folk Dance
Steps Chart. Choose the LETTER of the correct answer from the given choices
below.
A. Change Step F. ¾ K. 1, and, 2, and
B. Waltz G. 2/4
C. Polka H. Heel and Toe Change Step
D. 1, 2, 3 I. Sway Balance with a Point
E. Heel-place, close J. Sway Balance with a Hop
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RHYTHMIC
TIME
DANCE STEP COUNTS PER STEP PATTERN
SIGNATURE
MEASURE
Waltz Balance 1.______ 1, 2, 3 Step, close-heels raise, heels down
Step right (left) foot obliquely
forward
Step left (right) foot across the
right (left) foot in front,
2._____ ¾ 3. ____
Step right (left) obliquely
backward right,
Hop (left) right foot in fourth or
third position in front
Step right (left) foot in fourth
position in front,
Step left (right) foot close to right
4._____ 5.____ 1, and 2
(left) foot,
Step right (left) foot quickly, in
place
Bleking
2/4 1, 2 6.______
Step
Heel-place, toe-point, step, close,
7.______ 2/4 1,2 / 1 and 2
step
Step left (right) foot in fourth
position in front,
Step right (left) close to left (right)
8._____ ¾ 1,2,3 foot in first or third position in
rear,
Step left (right), just like in fourth
position
in front,
Raise step right (left) close to left
(right) foot in third position in
9. _____ 2/4 10.____
rear,
position in front,
(count and) pause
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ACTIVITY 5.2 WORD HUNTS
Instruction: Find the missing words based on what we have discussed. Encircle
the words on the list that are hidden in the puzzle. The words can be left to right,
up and down, or diagonally. Do this in your CSTC Green Booklet (10 points)
F W H E N I B P O E T C
E U A S I N P O L K A H
E N N A T R R S M E P A
T D A D D E Y I E L E N
E I H O A I P T R E D G
R A K R D M L I G F K E
A M M O O N E O E T E S
N S U N S W S N S T A T
D O S W A S T E T L O E
R N B L E K I N G A T P
G O T H I C K I T E L Y
A Z I P P E R S U T O P
APPLICATION
Instruction: Choose only one (1) activity you prefer to do at your HOME.
OPTION NO.1
PERFORM FUNDAMENTAL FOLK DANCE STEPS
- The students will select only 5 fundamental folk dance steps they can and perform
through video presentation. You may borrow to your family members if you don’t
have camera or mobile phone.
- The students are free to use background music if they want.
- The students should wear proper attire that comfortable to move.
- The students will submit the video output to the teacher/facilitator.
- The students should always practice safety protocols like doing warm-up exercises
before taking the activity.
The student’s performance will evaluate using the rubrics given.

EXECUTION 60%
APPLYING GOOD POSTURE 20%
OVERALL PRESENTATION 20%
100%
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OPTION NO.2
EXECUTE BASIC FUNDAMENTAL POSITION OF ARMS & FEET
- Using mobile phone, the students will take a picture of themselves performing the
basic fundamental position of arms and feet. You may borrow to your family
members if you don’t have.
- The students will submit their photos to the teacher/facilitator through g mail or in
messenger.
- The students should always practice safety protocols like doing warm-up exercises
The student’s performance will evaluate using the rubrics given.

PROPER ARMS AND FEET POSITION 60%
APPLYING GOOD POSTURE 20%
OVERALL PRESENTATION 20%
100%
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read each statement carefully and write the LETTER of the best
answer.
1. Which of the following arms position are both raised sideward at shoulder
level?
a. First Position c. Second Position
b. Fourth Position d. Third Position
2. Which of the following feet position where hells on one foot is close to the
instep of the other foot?
a. First Position c. Second Position
b. Fourth Position d. Third Position
3. Which of the following is important to review and learn in order to perform
several folk dances?
a. Basic Arms and Feet Positions c. Fundamental Folk Dance Steps
b. Dance Steps d. Time Signature

4. Which of the following is important for beginners because this helps basic
steps and improves proper posture?

5. Which of the following is essential to master and to child’s development in
dance?
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6. Which of the following feet positions where heels of front foot close to the
big toe of rear foot?
a. First Position c. Fourth Position
b. Fifth Position d. Third Position
Dance Step: Bleking Execution: _________
a. Step, hop
b. Heel-place, close
c. Step, close-heels, raise, heels down
d. Heel-place, toe-point, step, close, step
Arms Position: Third Position Execution: ____________
a. Both arms are raised sideward
b. Both arms raised in a circle in front of the chest
c. One arm is raised forward while the other is raised upward
d. One arm is raised sideward while the other arm is raised upward
9. To perform well in your P.E class, you are busy practicing this step pattern
(step right or left, close-heels raise, heels down). Which of the following
steps you are practicing?
a. Bleking Step c. Waltz
b. Heel and toe change step d. Waltz balance
10. Laehla, your P.E teacher demonstrates one of the fundamental steps in your
class wherein she step her right foot in front then step her left foot close to
the right and step her right foot quickly in front. Which of the following
fundamental step she demonstrated?
a. Bleking Step c. Polka
b. Change Step d. Waltz
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read and answer sensibly the following question. (10 points)
Why do we need to review and learn first the basic positions of arms and feet
and the fundamental basic steps before performing any Folk dances
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LESSON 8 CONTEMPORARY DANCE
WEEK 8
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
 Identify what is contemporary dance.
 Engages in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) for at
least 60 minutes most days of the week in a variety of settings in-and
out of school.
 Realize one’s potential for health-and dance related activities.
B. INTRODUCTION
Are you familiar what contemporary dance is? Do you have any experience
performing this dance? In this module you will see how flexible and creative
those famous dancers are, when it comes to contemporary dance. You will
know that this may help us connect ourselves not only with the music but with
our audiences. This module also encourages you to learn and to engage in
different health activities even at your home.
Modern and contemporary dances are both developed from the art of
rhythmic body movement used as a medium of social communication and
expression. They are equally potent channels that utilize different nuances in
style and varieties of techniques to represent the emotions and unuttered
speech.
C. LESSON PROPER
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY DANCE?
Contemporary dance is a style of expressive
dance that combines elements of several The primary creative tools of
contemporary dance are:
dance genres including modern, jazz, lyrical
•Body
and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers •Time
strive to connect the mind and the body •Space
through fluid dance movements.
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The name “Contemporary Dance” describes a range of techniques and styles
used in classes, workshops and dance choreography. It was developed in the
early 20th century as a reaction against the rigid techniques of ballet.
Contemporary dance makes a statement about the world around us. It is a
non-story dance, which means it is open to interpretation. It is fresh, inspiring
and risk-taking. Pioneers such as Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham
searched for ease of movement using the body’s natural lines and energy,
allowing a greater range and fluidity of movement than typical and traditional
dance techniques.
Contemporary dance is
characterized by its versatility:
It can be danced to almost any
style of music, or united with
other dance forms to create new
styles of movement.
It seeks to work with the natural
alignment of the body, and is
therefore safe and accessible for
beginners.
The ease of movement promoted
Figure 5.1 Shows how contemporary dancers
by contemporary dance are free to express different techniques through
technique allows experienced their variety of movements
dancers to push new boundaries
of body movement.
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARY DANCERS

 She is often referred to as the founding
MARTHA GRAHAM Mother of Contemporary and Modern
Dance.
 She was a dancer and choreographer for
over seven decades and she brought
modern dance into the mainstream.
 She was the first dancer to perform at
the White House and she received the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
 Martha Graham’s strong belief is that
Contemporary Dance is always
evolving and that is its most defining
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(1894-1991) characteristic.
 He can be considered the Father of

MERCE CUNNINGHUM Contemporary Dance. He was an
(1919-2009) American dancer and choreographer
who were at the forefront of American
modern dance for more than 50 years.
 He danced for Martha Graham’s
company until he formed his own
company in the mid-1950s.
 As a choreographer, teacher, and leader
of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company,
he had a profound influence on
Contemporary and Modern Dance.
 He was best known for including

LESTER HORTON modern jazz and Native American dance
(1906-1953) elements into his Contemporary dances.
 He trained some dance greats, including
Alvin Ailey, Eleanor Brooks, Janet
Collins and Bella Lewitzky and he
founded the Dance Theater of Los
Angeles.
 Although his dance company is no
longer performing today, his technique
is still the first choice for teaching
Contemporary Dance in many
conservatory schools and dance studios
throughout the U.S.
ALVIN AILEY  He was an African-American dancer,
choreographer, director and activist who
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founded the Alvin Ailey American
Dance Theater (AAADT).
 He created AAADT and its affiliated
Ailey School as a home for nurturing
black artists and expressing the
universality of the African-American
experience through dance.
 His work fused theatre, modern dance,
ballet, and jazz with black vernacular,
creating hope-fueled choreography that
continues to spread global awareness of
black life in America.
 Ailey’s Revelations dance is recognized
as a masterpiece and is one of the most
popular and most performed ballets in
the world.
TALIA FAVIA  She is a Los Angeles based
(1991-Present) Choreographer, Dancer, Artist, and the
Creator/Artistic director of LIV Dance.
 She has taught and choreographed all
over the United States, Czech Republic,
Poland, Russia, and has choreographed
on “So You Think You Can Dance” for
many seasons.
 She is the founder and director of her
Los Angeles based contemporary
company, “The Difference Between”. Some
of her accomplishments include:
 Guest choreographer for multiple
seasons on So You Think You Can Dance
TV show
 Guest choreographer for multiple
seasons on Dancing with the Stars
Season (winning Season 22 Final)
22
 He is an American dancer, dance
TRAVIS WALL instructor, and choreographer
(1987-Present) specializing in Contemporary and Jazz
dance.
 He is well known for his 2006
appearance as a competitor on the
second season of So You Think You Can
Dance at the age of 18, where he placed
2nd.
 He has been a guest dancer,
choreographer, and All-Star on So You
Think You Can Dance for over 11
seasons, and also been a dancer and
choreographer on Dancing with the Stars
for three seasons.
SELECTED CONTEMPORARY DANCE TECHNIQUES
1. CUNNINGHUM TECHNIQUE
It focused on the architecture of the
body in space, rhythm and
articulation. Cunningham uses the
idea of the body's own "line of
energy” to promote easy natural
movement. Cunningham technique
can be used to strengthen and
condition all dancers, regardless of
their style. The technique improves
the posture and alignment of the Figure 5.2 Cunningham Technique develops
clarity, strength and flexibility in both the spine
spine. and legwork
2. GRAHAM TECHNIQUE
It focused on the use of contraction,
release, fall and recovery. It is
characterized by floor work and the
use of abdominal and pelvic
contractions. The style is much
grounded and the technique is
visibly contrary to graceful /
weightless airborne ideas of ballet.
Graham invented a new language of
23
movement, and used it to reveal the
passion, rage and ecstasy common
to human experience.
Figure 5.3 Shows the basis of the Graham

technique which is the basic movements of the
body, contraction and extension
3. LIMON TECHNIQUE
This technique uses the feeling of
weight and heavy energy in the
body, and movements are instigated
using breath to lift, and swings
through the body to create halt /
pause movement. It explores the use
of energy in relation to gravity and
working with weight in terms of fall,
rebound, recovery and suspension. Figure 5.4 Shows how the dancers uses their
weight and breath to create that movement
4. RELEASE TECHNIQUE
It focuses on the lack of tension, and
utilizes breath and momentum to
facilitate movement, rather than
huge force or other artificial
technique.
It places emphasis on minimizing
tension in the search for clarity and
fluidity and efficient use of energy
and breath.
In Release Technique, it releases
Figure 5.5 Shows how the dancer learns to
through the joints and muscles to minimize tension in the body to create
create ease of movements, releasing freedom of movement
the breath to aid the release of the
body. A great relaxation technique
as well as a dance style.
24
Contemporary dance has several
benefits:
 Strengthens the abdominal
muscles
 Regulates the heart rate
 Fully trains the body making it
much more flexible and toned
 Increases energy and
positivity
 Promotes socialization
 Improved mental functioning Figure 5.6 Shows how the dancer improved
 Improved general and balance, flexibility and a good posture
psychological well-being
 Improves coordination, agility
and flexibility
 Improved balance and spatial
awareness
HEALTH BENEFITS OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT


ACTIVITY 6.1 IDENTIFYING ERRORS
Instruction: Select the underlined word or phrase that needs to be changed to

make the sentence correct. However, change the underlined word with the
options provided, if you think it makes the sentence incorrect.
1. Contemporary dance is a style of expressive dance that combines elements of

A B C
several dance genres. NO ERROR.
25
D
2. Contemporary dance can be danced in any style of music to create new styles
A B C
movement. NO ERROR
D
3. Talia Favia is often referred to as the founding Mother of Contemporary and
A B C
Modern dance. NO ERROR
D
4. Cunninghum technique improves the posture and alignment of the spine of
A B C
the dancers. NO ERROR
D
5. Graham technique can be used to strengthen and condition all dancers.
A B C
NO ERROR.
D
6. Lester Horton was best known for modern jazz and Native American dance
A B C
elements into his contemporary dances. NO ERROR.
7. Martha Graham was a dancer and choreographer for over six decades.
A B C
NO ERROR
D
8. Release technique focuses on the lack of tension, utilizes breath and

A B
momentum to facilitate movement. NO ERROR
C D
9. Contemporary dance helps improve general and psychological well-being.
A B C
NO ERROR.
D
10. Merce Cunninghum had a profound influence on Contemporary and
A B
Modern dance. NO ERROR.
C D
ACTIVITY 6.2 MATCHING TYPE

26
Instruction: Choose the LETTER that best correspond to your answer. Write
your answer in your CSTC Green Booklet.
1. It is one of the primary creative tools of A. Alvin Ailey
contemporary dance.
2. She is often referred as the founding B. Lester Horton
Mother of Contemporary and Modern
dance. C. Cunninghum
3. She is the founder and director of based Technique
contemporary company, “The Difference
Between”. D. Talia Favia
4. This technique is a great relaxation
technique as well as a dance style. E. Limon Technique
5. It is a technique which improves the
posture and alignment of the spine.
6. He considered the Father of Contemporary F. Release Technique
dance.
7. He trained some great dancers including G. Contemporary dance
Alvin Ailey.
8. This technique is characterized by floor H. Merce Cunninghum
work.
9. This technique is uses the weight and I. Body
heavy energy in the body. J. Graham Technique
10. He created AAADT.
K. Martha Graham
ASSESSMENT
answer.
1. Which of the following famous contemporary dancers was the first dancer to
perform at the White House and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
a. Alvin Ailey c. Talia Favia
b. Martha Graham d. Travis Wall
2. Which of the following famous contemporary dancers was known as an
African-American dancer, choreographer and activist?
3. Which of the following technique is characterized by floor work and the use
of abdominal and pelvic contractions?
a. Cunninghum technique c. Limon Technique
b. Graham technique d. Release Technique
27
4. Which of the following technique uses the idea of the body’s own line of
energy to promote easy natural movement?
a. Cunninghum technique c. Limon Technique
b. Graham Technique d. Release Technique
5. The following examples are the primary creative tools of contemporary
dance, EXCEPT.
a. Body b. Size c. Space d. Time
6. The name “Contemporary Dance” describes a range of technique and styles
used in classes, workshops and ____________.
a. Dance Choreography c. Dance Showdown
b. Dance Movements d. Dance Studio
7. Which of the following famous contemporary dancers has been a
choreographer on Dancing with the Stars for three seasons?
8. Which of the following famous contemporary dancers is still his technique is
the first choice for teaching contemporary dance in U.S?
a. Alvin Ailey c. Merce Cunninghum
b. Lester Horton d. Travis Wall
9. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about contemporary dance?
a. Regulates the heart rate
b. Increases energy and positivity
c. It is fresh, inspiring and risk-taking
d. It was developed in the early 21st century
Famous Contemporary Dancer: Martha Graham
Graham Technique: __________
a. It improves the posture and alignment of the spine
b. It focuses on minimizing tension to facilitate movement
c. It explores the use of energy in relation to gravity and working with
weight
d. This style is much grounded and is visibly contrary to graceful ideas of
ballet
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
28
REFLECTION
Instruction:
 Read the quotation “Dance is the hidden language of the soul” by
Martha Graham
 Explain what the quotation means to you.
LESSON 9 BALLROOM DANCES

WEEK 9
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
• Discuss the nature of the different styles of social / ballroom dances.
29
• Analyzes physiological indicators such as heart rate, rate of perceived
exertion and pacing associated with MVPAs to monitor and /or adjust
participation or effort.
• Realize one’s potential for health-and dance related activities.
B. INTRODUCTION
Last lesson, you have learned about contemporary dance. In this module, we
will discuss about the nature and different characteristics of the different styles
of social or ballroom dance that can be considered as one of the moderate-to-
vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that you can engage even at your home. It is
important to monitor yourself when doing any physical activities to know how
you will adjust. By the next lesson, you will also know the basic movements of
the different styles of Latin dances.
C. LESSON PROPER
LATIN BALLROOM DANCES
DID YOU KNOW?
It’s very interesting to know that Ballroom dancing has incredible physical benefits to the
human body. For example, it is scientifically proven to be great for your cardiovascular
health. An Italian study in 2006 showed that Ballroom dancing is a very good exercise for
heart patients compared to other aerobic exercises like cycling. It is also great for muscle
tone, your joints and spinal column. (Sierra, 2016)
WHAT IS BALLROOM DANCING?

Ballroom dancing is one of the most entertaining and elite styles of dancing.
Ballroom dancing is a partnership dance where couples, using step-patterns,
move rhythmically, expressing the characteristics of music. The word “ball” is
from the Latin word ballare, which means dance. Ballroom dancing is a formal
social dancing for couples, where one person leads and the other follows the
steps. It is popular both as a recreational (social) and competitive (dance sport)
activity.
Latin ballroom dances are energetic dances which reflect the shift in rhythm of
the music being danced to. It has a rich cultural history rooted in the traditional
dances of native peoples of Latin America. A Latin dance includes Samba, Cha-
30
cha-cha, Rumba, Jive and Paso Doble. These sexy dances feature loads of hip
action, long expressive legs and arms, and long beautiful lines.
FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS that make up ballroom dance or
dance sports as a dance style (Radler, 1998):
1. POSTURE - enables a dancer to stand out on the floor, which shows
sophistication and confidence.
2. TIMING - Dancing on time with the music.
3. LINE – the stretching of the body.
4. HOLD – the correct position of the body with the partner in closed position.
5. POISE – the stretch of the woman’s body upwards and outwards and
leftwards into the man’s right arm to achieve balance and connection with
his frame, as well as to project outwards to the audience.
6. TOGETHERNESS – dancing of two people as one on the dance floor.
7. MUSICALITY AND EXPRESSION – the basic characterization of the dance
with the particular music being played and the choreographic adherence to
musical phrasings and accents.
8. PRESENTATION – it is how the couple presents their dancing to the
audience as well as the proper costuming and grooming.
9. POWER – the energy that is controlled and not wild.
10. LEAD AND FOLLOW – the non-verbal communication of the man and lady
through shape, visual and body weight.
11. FLOORCRAFT – the ability to avoid bumping into other couples and
continue dancing without pause when boxed in.
12. INTANGIBLES – how a couple “look” together in performing their dances.
INTERNATIONAL LATIN DANCES:

1. Cha-cha-cha
o Is a newcomer in Latin American dances with origin only in the fifties
but it became popular shortly after Mambo was introduced
o This dance is passionate, energetic, lively and a flirtatious dance.
o The time signature is 4/4 with accented beat on the first and fourth of
each bar.
o Counting in beats 2 3 4 and 1
o Count 2 = 1 beat Count 3 = 1 beat Count 4 = half beat Count and = half
beat Count 1 = 1 beat
2. Samba
o Is the national dance of Brazil, which originated in Africa during the 19 th
century
o It is danced during carnival time.
31
o The basic footwork features fast, three-step weight changes with a slight
knee lift, led with alternating feet. The basic rhythm is quick, quick, slow
and repeat.
o The time signature is 2/4 with musical accent on the first beat and
percussive accent on the second beat
o Counting rhythms: 1 2, 1 a 2, 1 a 2 a 1 a 2…. / 1 and 2 3 and 4 etc.
3. Rumba
o It originates primarily from Cuba in the sixteenth century, which has its
roots in African rhythms brought to America by the slaves.
o It is considered as the sexiest of the ballroom dances which tells the story
of love and passion between a strong man and a teasing woman.
o The time signature is 4/4 with an accent on the first beat and fourth beat
of each bar.
o Counting in beats 2 3 4 1.
o Count 2 = 1 beat Count 3 = 1 beat Count 4 1 = 2 beats half beat
4. Jive
o It was developed from the dance “jitterbug” from America. After the
origination of the jive dance in the United States, it slowly spread to the
European countries and in the United Kingdom.
o It is a lively style of dance popular especially in the 1940s and 1950s,
performed to swing music or rock and roll.
o The time signature 4/4 with accent on the first beat second beat and
fourth beat of each bar.
o Counting in beats: 1 2 3and4 5and6 etc.
5. Paso Doble
o It means “double step”, which originated from Spain and is inspired by
bullfighting.
o It is one of the most dramatic of all the Latin dances.
o The time signature is 2/4 with an accent on the first beat of each bar.
o Counting 1 2. Count 1 = 1 beat Count 2 = 1 beat
MODERATE TO VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (MVPA)

In any physical activity you are engaging, it is important to monitor yourself or
adjust your participation. Using the FITT principle, a student can only
manipulate the intensity and time or activity in a regular P.E session. The
frequency and type aspects are determined by the school and the curriculum. If
there are only two P.E sessions in a week, then the student may, with initiative
engage in physical activity in other days to increase frequency. With moderate
32
goals of fitness, one can train in the moderate aerobic zone or the weight
management zone. With vigorous goals of fitness, one can adjust to train in the
aerobic fitness zone or even to the peak aerobic performance zone.
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 7.1 UNSCRAMBLE ME!

Instruction: Arrange the scrambled letters to form the correct word based on the
given clue.
1. NILTA MOLBALRO CEADN. This are the energetic dances which reflect
the shift of the music being danced to.
2. LEBSNINATGI. This is how a partner looks together in performing their
dances.
3. OWRPE. This is the energy that is controlled and not wild.
4. AMBUR. It is considered as the sexiest of the ballroom dances.
5. EJVI. It is a lively style of dance performed to swing music or rock and roll.
6. TOSPERU. It enables a dancer to stand out with confidence and
sophistication.
7. TRAFCROOLF. It is the ability to avoid bumping into other partners.
8. MAABS. The basic rhythm of this dance is quick, quick, slow and repeat.
9. IOPES. This is how couple project outwards to the audience.
10. SOPA BLODE. It is one of the most dramatic of all the Latin dances.
ACTIVITY 7.2
Instruction: Fill the blank portion of the table given below. Choose the LETTER
from the given answer key.
A. Lively style of dance G. 2341

B. Tells the story of love and H. 12
passion I. 2 3 4 and 1
C. Dramatic dance J. 1 and 2 3 and 4
D. Energetic and flirtatious K. 1 2 3and4 5and6
dance
33
E. Couple sweet dance
F. National dance of Brazil
LATIN BALLROOM DANCES
DEFINITION OF DANCE COUNTINGS
Cha-cha-cha
Rumba
Samba
Jive
Paso Doble
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read each statement carefully and write only the LETTER of the
best answer.
1. Which of the following Latin dances is considered as the sexiest dance which
tells the story of love and passion?
a. Cha-cha-cha b. Jive c. Rumba d. Paso Doble
2. Which of the following Latin dances is originated from Spain and inspired by
bullfighting?
a. Cha-cha-cha b. Jive c. Rumba d. Paso Doble
3. Which of the following characteristics shows how the couple presents their
dancing with grooming and proper costuming?
a. Hold c. Poise
b. Lead and Follow d. Presentation
4. Which of the following characteristics shows how two people dance as one
on the dance floor?
a. Floorcraft b. Hold c. Intangibles d. Togetherness
5. Which of the following dances has a rich cultural history rooted in the
traditional dances of native peoples of Latin America?
a. Ballroom dances c. Latin Ballroom dances
b. Cha-cha-cha d. Samba
Latin Dance: Cha-cha-cha Countings: ____________
a. 1 2 3and4 5and6 c. 1, 2
b. 2 3 4 and 1 d. 1 and 2 3 and 4
7. You and your partner in ballroom dance are busy practicing to improve both
skills needed in that type of dance. You are both try to dance in a whole
dance floor without bumping into other couples. Which of the following
characteristics of ballroom dance you are both practicing?
34
a. Floorcraft c. Intangibles
b. Hold d. Togetherness
8. Which of the following characteristics shows the energy of a couple that is
controlled and not wild?
a. Presentation b. Power c. Timing d. Togetherness
9. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Jive?
a. It is a lively style of dance
b. It is an energetic and passionate dance
c. It was developed from the dance “jitterbug”
d. It slowly spread to European countries and in the United Kingdom
Latin Dance: Paso Doble Time Signature: __________
a. ¼ b. 2/4 c. ¾ d. 4/4
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read carefully and answer sensibly the following question below.
Why it is important to use FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type) plan in
engaging moderate to vigorous different physical activity?
FUNDAMENTAL
LESSON MOVEMENTS IN LATIN
10-11 BALLROOM DANCES
WEEK 11
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
• Recognize different fundamental movements in ballroom dances.
35
• Analyzes physiological indicators such as heart rate, rate of perceived
exertion and pacing associated with MVPAs to monitor and /or
adjust participation or effort.
B. INTRODUCTION
If you have always wanted to feel more confident, dance is a way to boost your
self-confidence to express what and who you are. Now you can learn some
fundamental movements of Latin dances. You can try this, even at your home. At
the end of module, you will be provided with the activities that help you know
and learn the basic movements.
C. LESSON PROPER
FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS OF LATIN BALLROOM DANCES
Although the roots of Latin Dance are widespread, the key characteristics they all
share are the rhythms that allow for freedom of self-expression and
improvisation, creating a style of dance that has a very unique and exuberant
flair.
When dancing Latin, both dancers stand upright with weight on the balls of the
feet. Partners are compact, but standing slightly apart. The dance frame is sturdy
and fixed, but the steps and movements are quick, and despite the posture of the
dance, have a particular flow. The variations between types of Latin Dance are
influenced by the geographic origin of the dance, and are always in the step
movements and counts. (Murray, 2020)
BASIC
ILLUSTRATION STEP PATTERN
STEP
CHA-CHA-CHA Closed Basic
(Gentlemen)
CHA-CHA
CHA  Step left foot forward (ct.2)
(Closed  Transfer weight to right foot
Basic) (ct.3)
 Step left foot to side (ct.4)
 Step right foot closes to the
left foot (ct. and)
 Step left foot to the side (ct.1)
 Step right foot back (ct.2)
36
Starting Position  Transfer weight to left foot
(ct. 3)
 Step right foot to the side (ct.
4)
 Step left foot closes to right
foot (ct. and)
 Step right foot to the side
(ct.1)
CHA-CHA-CHA Closed Basic

(Lady)
Gentlemen  Step right foot backward

(ct.2)
 Transfer weight to left foot
(ct.3)
 Step right foot to side (ct.4)
 Step left foot closes to left foot
(ct. and)
(ct.1)
 Step left foot forward (ct.2)
 Transfer weight to right foot
Lady (ct.3)
 Step right foot closes to left
foot (ct. and)
 Step left foot to the side (ct. 1)
37
CHA-CHA-CHA New York
(Gentlemen)
Note: Movements of the Lady is
opposite to the Gentleman
 Step left foot forward in side

by side position (ct.2)
 Transfer weight to right foot
(ct.3)
CHA-CHA  Facing partner, step left foot
CHA (New to side (ct.4)
York)  Step right foot closes to the
left foot (ct. and)
 Step right foot forward in side
 Transfer weight to left foot
(ct. 3)
 Step right foot to the side (ct.
4)
 Step left foot closes to right
foot (ct. and)
(ct.1)
SAMBA SAMBA Natural Basic

(Natural (Gentlemen)
Basic)
 Step forward with your left
foot (ct.1)
 Move your right foot to your
left foot (ct. and)
 Left foot in place, weight
shifts to it (ct. 2)
 Step backward with your
right foot (ct.3)
 Move your left foot to your
right foot (ct. and)
 Right foot in place, weight
38
shifts to it (ct.4)
SAMBA Natural Basic (Lady)
 Step backward with your

right foot (ct.1)
right foot (ct. and)
shifts to it (ct. 2)
 Step forward with your left
foot (ct.3)
left foot (ct. and)
shifts to it (ct.4)
RUMBA Closed Basic

(Gentlemen)
RUMBA Note: Movements of the Lady is
(Closed opposite to the Gentleman
Basic)
Start by facing your partner (ct.1)
 Step left foot forward (ct.2)

 Replace weight to right foot
(ct.3)
 Step left foot sideward left (ct.
4, 1)
 Step right foot backward (ct.
2)
 Step left foot forward
(transfer weight to left foot)
(ct. 3)
 Step right foot sideward right
(ct. 4, 1)
39
JIVE Basic in place(Gentlemen)
 Step back with your left foot
(Rock step) – ct.1
shifts to it – ct. 2
 Sidestep to the left with your
left foot (Chasse to the left) –
ct. 3
left foot – ct. and
left foot – ct. 4
shifts to it (Chasse to the
right) ct. 5
 Sidestep to the right with
your left foot – ct. and
JIVE
your right foot – ct. 6
(Basic in
Place)
JIVE Basic in place (Lady)
 Step back with your right
foot (Rock step) – ct.1
shifts to it – ct. 2
your right foot (Chasse to
the right) – ct. 3
right foot – ct. and
your right foot – ct. 4
shifts to it (Chasse to the left)
ct. 5
right foot – ct. and
left foot – ct. 6
40
Those basic steps are some examples of fundamental movements that anyone can
engage even at home.
One more thing, a good way to speed up your dance training is by
understanding definitions and terms used by dance teachers. This way, you can
spend valuable lesson time learning dance techniques rather than spending the
time learning the language of dance. (The Dance Store Online, 1999) Below are
some illustrations of popular partner positions:
PROMENADE
POSITION LEFT OUTSIDE RIGHT OUTSIDE CLOSED
PARTNER PARTNER POSITION
POSITION POSITION
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITY 8.1
Instruction: Complete the missing parts of the Basic Fundamental Movements of
Latin Dance Chart. Choose the correct answer from the given choices below.
Cha-cha-cha 2/4 Jive
Rumba ¾ Closed Basic
2341 4/4
Samba New York
2 3 4 and 1 Natural Basic
41
DANCE BASIC TIME
STEP PATTERN COUNTINGS
STEP FIGURE SIGNATURE
Step left foot forward (ct.2)
Replace weight to right foot
(ct.3)
Step left foot sideward left (ct. 4,
1)
Rumba 1._____ 2.______ 3.______
Step right foot backward (ct. 2)
Step left foot forward (transfer
weight to left foot) (ct. 3)
Step right foot sideward right
(ct. 4, 1)
(Gentlemen)
Step back with your left foot
(Rock step) – ct.1
Right foot in place, weight shifts
to it – ct. 2
Sidestep to the left with your left
foot (Chasse to the left) – ct. 3
Move your right foot to your left
Basic in
4.____ foot – ct. and 1 2 3a4 3a4 4/4
Place
Sidestep to the left with your left
foot – ct. 4
to it (Chasse to the right) ct. 5
Sidestep to the right with your
left foot – ct. and
Sidestep to the right with your
right foot – ct. 6
5.____ 6._____ Step left foot forward in side by 7._____ 4/4
side position (ct.2)
Transfer weight to right foot
(ct.3)
Facing partner, step left foot to
side (ct.4)
Step right foot closes to the left
foot (ct. and)
Step left foot to the side (ct.1)
Step right foot forward in side
Transfer weight to left foot (ct.
3)
Step right foot to the side (ct. 4)
Step left foot closes to right foot
42
(ct. and)
Step right foot to the side (ct.1)
Step forward with your left foot
(ct.1)
Move your right foot to your left
foot (ct. and)
Left foot in place, weight shifts
to it (ct. 2) 1 2, 1 a
8.____ 9._____ 10.______
Step backward with your right 2….
foot (ct.3)
Move your left foot to your right
foot (ct. and)
to it (ct.4)
ACTIVITY 8.2
Instruction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.
1. The variations between types of Latin dances are always in the step
movements and counts.
2. When dancing cha-cha-cha closed basic, a male step first his left foot
forward, based on the guidelines given.
3. The term “New York” is one of the basic steps of Samba.
4. When dancing Samba natural basic, female step forward first her left foot,
based on the guideline given.
5. The term “closed basic” is one of the basic step of Jive.
6. When dancing Latin, couples stand upright with weight on the ball of the
feet.
7. When dancing Latin, couples are not compact but standing slightly apart.
8. When dancing Jive basic in place, female step first back her right foot,
based on the guideline given.
9. When dancing cha-cha-cha, movements of the lady is opposite to the
gentlemen.
10. The dance frame of couple is sturdy and fixed.
ASSESSMENT
43
Instruction: Read carefully each statement and write the LETTER of the best
answer.
1. Which of the following steps is the basic movement of the Latin dance
Samba?
a. Basic in Place c. Natural Basic
b. Closed Basic d. New York
2. The following steps are the examples of Latin dances basic steps, EXCEPT:
a. Basic in Place c. Closing Basic
b. Closed Basic d. Natural Basic
3. Which of the following steps is the basic movement of the Latin dance,
Jive?
a. Basic in Place c. Natural Basic
b. Closed Basic d. New York
4. Which of the following steps is the basic movement of the Latin dances,
Rumba and Cha-cha-cha?
a. Basic in Place c. Closing basic
b. Closed basic d. Natural basic
5. Which of the following time signature is used in dancing Jive?
a. 1/4 c. 3/4
b. 2/4 d. 4/4
Latin Dance: Samba (Natural Basic)
First Step Pattern (Gentlemen): _____
a. Step left foot forward
b. Step right foot backward
c. Step forward with your left foot
d. Step backward with your right foot
Latin Dance: Samba (Natural Basic)
First Step Pattern (Lady): _____
a. Step left foot forward
b. Step right foot backward
c. Step forward with your left foot
d. Step backward with your right foot
8. Which of the following time signature is used in dancing Samba?
a. 1/4 b. 2/4 c. ¾ d. 4/4
9. Arrange the following in order to present the right step pattern for female
in performing Jive, basic in place.
I. Left foot in place, weight shift to it.
44
II. Sidestep to the right with your right foot (Chasse to the right)
III. Move your left foot to the right foot
IV. Step back with your right foot (Rock step)
a. I, II, III and IV c. IV, II, III and I
b. IV, I, II and III d. II, III, I and IV
10. Arrange the following in order to present the right step pattern for male in
performing cha-cha-cha New York.
I. Transfer weight to right foot (ct.3)
II. Step left foot forward in side by side position (ct.2)
III. Step right foot closes to the left foot (ct. and) Step left foot to the side
(ct.1)
IV. Facing partner, step left foot to side (ct. 4)
a. I, II, III and IV c. II, I, IV and III
b. II, III, IV, and I d. II, IV, I and III
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read carefully and answer sensibly the following question given.
Do you think it is important to know first the basic movements before

performing any choreographed Latin dances? Why?
LESSON
CHEER DANCE
45
12
WEEK 12
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
D. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Discuss the nature of cheer dance;
• Observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hypo- and hyperthermia during MVPA participation; and
E. INTRODUCTION
Have you ever experienced joining or participating in a cheer dance

competition? How was your experience? Well in this lesson, we will focus in the
nature of cheer dance and as well as on how to observe personal safety
protocols to avoid any harm conditions that may occur during your
participation. It is important to know the safety protocols during rehearsals and
performance.
F. LESSON PROPER
CHEER DANCE
“A good cheerleader is not measured by the height of he jumps but by the span of her
spirit”.
https://rbv.vistausd.org/athletics/cheer
WHAT IS CHEERLEADING?
To better understand the foundation of cheer dance, it is vital to first learn the
fundamental aspects of cheerleading. Cheerleading is an event that consists of
cheers and organized routines for sports team motivation, audience
entertainment or competition. The routines contain many components of cheers,
jumps, dance, gymnastics and stunting. The purpose is to encourage the spectators
or audiences of events to cheer for sports teams at games. The yellers, dancers
and athletes involved in cheerleading are called cheerleaders. When they are
grouped together as one, they are called a squad. Cheerleading history is linked
46
closely to the United States history of sports, its
sporting venues, as well as the historical development
of overall crowd participation at many athletic events
(History of Cheerleading, 2015).
Its origins can be traced as far back as the late 19 th
century where in 1860s, students from Great Britain
began to cheer and chant in unison for their favorite
athletes at sporting events. This event eventually
reached and influenced America (Timeline of
Cheerleading, 2012). Cheerleading for the first 25 years
was an all-male activity. It was only during the 1920s
when women cheerleaders participated in
cheerleading.
Cheer dance is a physical activity

with a combination of different
dance genre and gymnastics skills
such as tumbling, pyramids,
tosses and stunts. Cheer dance is
rooted from cheerleading and is
relatively new in the field of
sports and dance as it has only
emerged during the early 1990s as
part of the cheerleading events. Figure 9.1 UST University of Santo Tomas “Salinggawi”
Dance Troupe holds the longest championship reign
QUALITIES NEEDED FOR CHEERLEADING

 Hardworking student with good grades
 Have a great, positive attitude
 Commitment and dedication to the team
 Patience, confidence and persistence
 Athleticism and physical strength
 Sportsmanship and ability to follow rules and directions
47
Observe Personal Safety Protocol during MVPA participation to avoid:
1. Dehydration
2. Overexertion
3. Hypothermia
4. Hyperthermia
Any physical activity like dancing is good for the health, but anything in excess
or having poor execution is bad. Certain conditions such as dehydration,
overexertion, hypothermia and hyperthermia may occur if engaging in any
physical activity and precautions are not in place. Dancers sweat as they generate
heat during training, rehearsal and performance.
Dance is a physically demanding activity. Dancers perform repetitive

movements for several hours a day. Studies have shown that dancing five hours
a day or longer leads to an increased risk of stress fractures, conditions and other
injuries. Even mild dehydration can affect performance. Helping your body
promotes heat loss when dancing, can help improve athletic performance and
can aid in recovery. This is especially important for dancers wearing hot
costumes and performing under stage lights. Observing some safety protocols
can help avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypothermia and hyperthermia.
DEHYDRATION
Dehydration or loss of fluids occurs in exercise
through sweat, breath and urine. It will result in
the loss of coordination and fatigue. Whatever you
do, make sure you are getting enough water
during the day and during your dance classes.
Staying hydrated is extremely important to a
dancer’s performance because the first signs of
dehydration are fatigue and poor balance. It is
important for dancers to know that being properly
hydrated helps keep the body from overheating.
To avoid dehydration, one must:
 Drink water before, during and after dance

class or training;
Figure 9.2 A dancer makes sure that
 Begin drinking water 2-3 hours before your she stays hydrated to keep dancing on
class or rehearsal so your body has enough point, brain focused and body
time to absorb it; energized.
 Eat foods with high amount of water like
48
fruits and vegetables;
 Avoid or limit drinks with caffeine like coffee,
tea and soft drinks; and
 Avoid drinks with alcohol.
OVEREXERTION
- Overexertion may come in the form of any exercise greater than the
capacity of an individual to handle. It occurs when people push
themselves too hard during physical activity.
To avoid overexertion, one must:
 Cool down and rest for a few minutes;
 Practice deep breathing for several minutes;
 Stay hydrated;
 Avoid pushing the body too hard; and
 Perform or execute proper any exercise or physical activity.
HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPERTHERMIA
- Hypothermia and hyperthermia are two extremes, but equally
concerning, states of temperature loss or gain.
- Training in a cold environment can lead hypothermia or the condition of
low core body temperature. Hypothermia occurs when you lose more
heat than your body can produce and you feel very cold.
To prevent hypothermia:
 Wear a hat or other protective clothing to prevent body heat from
escaping your head, neck, and face;
 Wear mittens, instead of gloves;
 Wear layers (preferably the loose-fitting, lightweight kind); and
 Move your body to help warm your core.
- Hyperthermia or heat illness is a product of losing too much water and
heating up because of exercise. To avoid hyperthermia, one must:
 Take frequent breaks;
 Drink plenty of water;
 Wear cool clothing; and
 Find a cool shady place to rest.
49
Three conditions may occur:
HEAT CRAMPS – It may attack dominant
muscles such as abdominals or the calves.
How to treat cramps for your dancers?
 Get him or her something to drink.
 Make sure that your dancers are taking
regular water breaks throughout rehearsal
to prevent these issues.
 Dancer needs to relax the muscle that’s
cramped.
Figure 9.3 A dancer experiences heat
 Take deep breaths and massage the muscle cramps during her intense rehearsal
with a foam roller.
 Conduct some preventive stretches and
encourage them to designate a little extra
time to warm up and cool down.
HEAT EXHAUSTION - It is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy
sweating, looks pale, and a rapid pulse, a result of your body overheating.
Treatment:
 Rest in a cool place.
 Drink cool water or fluids.
 Try cooling measures. If possible, take a cool shower, soak in a cool bath,
or put towels soaked in cool water on your skin.
 Loosen clothing.
HEAT STROKE – It is a condition wherein the victims may likely dry, red,
and hot skin.
50
Figure 9.4 The symptoms
of heat exhaustion and heat
stroke
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 9.1
Instructions: Identify what is being asked by the following statements. Choose
the correct answer from the box.
Dehydration Heat Cramps 1994
Overexertion Heat Stroke 1990s
Hypothermia Cheer dance Dancers
Hyperthermia Cheerleading Audiences
1. It is an event that consists of cheers and organized routines for sports team
motivation, audience entertainment as well as competition.
2. It is a physical activity that is rooted from cheer leading.
3. It is a condition that may attack abdominal muscles.
4. This condition can be prevented by moving the body to keep you warm.
5. It is when a cheer dance emerged as part of the cheerleading events.
6. It is of the cheerleaders who involved in cheerleading.
7. This condition occurs when people push themselves too hard during
exercise.
8. It is a condition wherein the victim experiences losing consciousness.
9. It is when the UAAP Cheer Dance Competition began.
51
10. This condition may be avoided when people eat foods with high amount of
water.
ACTIVITY 9.2
Instruction: Make your own personal safety protocols to avoid dehydration,
overexertion, hypothermia, hyperthermia and heat cramps during MVPA
participation.
MY OWN PERSONAL SAFETY PROTOCOLS
BEFORE DURING AFTER
DEHYDRATION
OVEREXERTION
HYPOTHERMIA
HYPERTHERMIA
HEAT CRAMPS
ASSESSMENT
answer.
11. Which of the following physical activities is to encourage the spectators or
audiences of events to cheer for sports teams at games?
c. Cheer b. Cheerleading c. Jumps d. Gymnastics
12. Which of the following conditions may occur when training or exercise is
conducted in a cold environment?
a. Heat Cramps c. Hyperthermia
b. Heat Exhaustion d. Hypothermia
13. Which of the following conditions can be avoided when people perform or
execute proper exercise and do not push the body too hard?
c. Dehydration c. Hypothermia
d. Hyperthermia d. Overexertion
14. The following cheerleaders are involved in cheerleading, EXCEPT:
c. Athletes b. Audiences c. Dancers d. Yellers
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the qualities needed
in cheerleading?
c. Have a positive attitude
d. Commitment and dedication
e. Persistence and having a good grades
f. Athleticism and inability to follow the rules and regulations
16. When did women cheerleaders participate in cheerleading?
c. 1920s b. 1930s c. 1940s d. 1950s
17. Zoey, a cheer dance trainer always conducts some preventive stretching
exercise and a little extra time to warm up and cool down every dance
52
training session as they help avoid condition that may attack abdominal
muscles or calves of the dancers. Which of the following conditions does
Zoey want to avoid?
e. Dehydration b. Heat Cramps c. Heat Stroke d. Hypothermia
Condition: Dehydration Prevention: ____________
e. Loosen clothing
f. Wear cool clothing
g. Limit drink with caffeine
h. Take a deep breath and get some rest
19. Which of the following conditions will result in the loss of coordination and
fatigue?
c. Dehydration c. Hypothermia
d. Hyperthermia d. Overexertion
20. What does UAAP stand for?
c. University Athletes Associated of the Philippines
d. University Athletic Association of the Philippines
e. University Athletes Association from the Philippines
f. University Athletic Association from the Philippines
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read and answer sensibly the question below. (10 points)
 In participating a cheer dance training and competition, how will you

apply personal safety protocols?
53
LESSON Fundamental Positions and
13 Movements Of Cheer Dance
WEEK 13
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
 Identify different fundamental positions and movements in cheer
dance;
 Observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hypo- and hyperthermia during MVPA participation; and
 Demonstrate different basic fundamental positions in cheer dance.
E. INTRODUCTION
This module contains the different fundamental positions that are essential to
learn before performing any choreographed cheer dance. At the end of this
module, you will be given activities to display and improve your skills by
engaging cheer dancing. Also, you will be reminded that personal safety protocol
should be observed in engaging any physical activity to avoid any health
problems.
F. LESSON PROPER
FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN CHEER DANCE
54
The basics of cheerleading are simple but important to learn. Perfecting the
proper technique of simple cheerleading moves will not only allow you to
progress to more-advanced skills, but also ensure you are safe while doing so.
(Nowlin K., 2019) Cheer dance contains dance techniques, basic elements of cheer and
basic gymnastic skills.
DANCE TECHNIQUES
They depend on the competition requirements and various dance techniques
may be used in a cheer dance competition. Some squads prefer contemporary
dance techniques while others incorporate several techniques such as jazz, hip
hop, modern dance, contemporary ballet and ethnic or folk dance.
EXAMPLE:
 The World School Cheer dance Championship requires hip hop dance style.
 The University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) Cheer Dance
Competition and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
Cheerleading Competitions do not require a specific dance style in the
routines. The teams are given freedom to choose their dance styles for their
respective routines as long as they adhere to the safety and competition
guidelines.
ELEMENTS OF CHEERS
Cheers are coordination of organized words and movements relating to an
athletic event. These are used during a sport event when play has been stopped
on the field or court. The purpose is to draw a unified response from the crowd
to highlight their support for the playing team.
Cheer motions are also used to lead the crowd and emphasize words for crowd
response (Carrier and McKay, 2006).
Here are the positions:

HAND POSITIONS
BUCKET CANDLESTICK BLADE
55
CLAP CLASP
ARM POSITIONS
ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION
Arms extended up forming a “V”, relax the

shoulders.
HIGH V
Arms extended down forming a “V”.
LOW V
56
Both arms extended straight out to the side
and parallel to the ground.
Relax the shoulders.
T MOTION
Both arms parallel to the ground and bent at

the elbows.
Fists into shoulders.
HALF T
Arms extended straight upward and parallel

to each other.
Fist facing in.
TOUCHDOWN
Arms extended straight down and parallel to

each other.
Fist facing in.
LOW TOUCHDOWN
57
One arm extended to side with other arm
bent at elbow in a half “T” motion.
BOW AND ARROW
Arms are straight, above the head in a clasp

and slightly in front of the face.
OVERHEAD CLASP
Arms bent at elbow.

Fists in front of shoulders.
TABLETOP
One arm extended straight up.

One arm on hip, in a fist.
PUNCH
58
One arm extended to the side with other arm
extended in a punch motion (Left L shown).
L MOTION
One arm extended in a high “V” and the

other arm extended in a low “V” (Right
diagonal shown).
DIAGONAL
Arms extended straight down, in a clasp and

LOW CLASP slightly in front of the body.
FEET POSITIONS
59
Lead leg bent with the knee over the ankle

Feet perpendicular to each other.
SIDE LUNGE
Lead leg bent with the knee over the ankle.

Back leg straight.
Feet perpendicular to each other.
FRONT LUNGE
Feet together, hands down by the side in

blades.
BEGINNING STANCE
Feet more than shoulder width apart, hands
60
down by the side in blades.
CHEER
STANCE
BASIC GYMNASTICS SKILLS
Cheer dance incorporates simple gymnastics skills such as jumps and tumbling
to add to the thrill of the game and the effect of a routine. Also, these help
cheerleaders to develop a higher spirit level and enhance crowd motivation.
BASIC JUMPS
TOE TOUCH
HERKIE
SIDE HURDLER FRONT HURDLER

BASIC TUMBLING
61
(a) Squat down with hands on the
ground
(b) Tuck head in with chin down
(c) Roll unto upper back
(d) Rotate onto feet continuing to a
FORWARD ROLL
standing position
(e) Get up
(a) From a beginning stance facing
back, squat and lay both hands on
the floor
(b) Tuck chin and pull off the hands
and legs
BACKWARD ROLL (c) Roll backward and squat both legs
against the chest and hold the arms
in front and get up
(a) Put the best leg forward and
extend both arms up against the
ears
(b) Move the whole body forward
and slowly raise the back leg
(c)Once the hands reach the ground,
CARTWHEEL kick the back leg over
NOTE: Learning these skills requires extensive individual instruction and leadership. Technique, progression and
safety are of utmost concern.
Cheerleaders who understand and use proper techniques and observe basic
safety protocols and rules are very important and have an increased chance at
avoiding a debilitating injury. So, observing, following, practicing and
competing in a safe way really protect you.
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Assessment and Character Enhancement are to be written in the CSTC green
booklet and NOT on the module itself 😃
ACTIVITY 10.1 NAME IT OUT

Instruction: Analyze the picture given about the fundamental positions and
movements in cheer dance. Choose your answer in the box below. (10 points)
Cartwheel Punch Front Hurdler

62 Forward Roll Touchdown Side Hurdler
Low V Clasp T Motion
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10
ACTIVITY 10.2 DRAW IT OUT

Instruction: Using a stick man, draw the cheer dance position stated on each
number.
1.T Motion 6. Touchdown
2. L Motion 7. Bow and Arrow
3. Diagonal 8. Overhead Clasp
4. Side Lunge 9. Low V
5. High V 10. Punch
APPLICATION
Instruction: Choose only one (1) activity you prefer to do at home.
OPTION NO.1
63
CREATING SIMPLE CHEER DANCE ROUTINE
- You will create your own simple cheer dance routine using different hand,
arms and feet positions in cheer dance shown in lesson proper.
- Your performance must be at least 2 minutes. You are free to choose any
cheer dance music remix.
- Wear any comfortable attire (Ex: Jogging pants, T-shirt and rubber shoes)
- Submit your video output to the teacher/facilitator through messenger or
Gmail.
- You should always practice safety protocols like doing warm-up exercises
NOTE: Choose this activity if you do not have any health problems to avoid harmful effects to
you.
The student’s performance will be evaluated using the rubrics given:
 CHOREOGRAPHY 25
 APPLYING HAND, ARMS AND FEET POSITION 25
 EXECUTION (Energy, Projection, Proper execution) 20
 PROPER ATTIRE 5
 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 20
 VIDEO PRESENTATION 5
100%
OPTION NO.2
DEMONSTRATE FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS POSITIONS
- You will demonstrate different fundamental positions (HANDS, ARMS and

FEET) in cheer dance as shown in lesson proper, by taking pictures of
yourself using any camera device. You may borrow from your family
members if you do not have a camera or mobile phone.
- Wear any comfortable attire (Ex: Jogging pants, T-shirt and rubber shoes)
- Indicate in your photos the name of each fundamental position you will
demonstrate.
- You will submit your photos to the teacher/facilitator through Gmail or
messenger.
- You should always practice safety protocols like doing warm-up exercises
64
The student’s performance will be evaluated using the rubrics given:
 PROPER EXECUTION (Hands, Arms and Feet Positions) 50

 APPLYING GOOD POSTURE 20
 PROPER ATTIRE 10
 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 20
100%
ASSESSMENT
answer.
10. Which of the following does NOT belong to the hand positions in cheer
dance?
c. Blade b. Bucket c. Clasp d. Punch
11. Vanjo, a cheer dance trainer demonstrates first the fundamental arm
positions needed in cheer dance. As he instructed, the arms should extended
straight down parallel to each other and fists are facing in. Which of the
following arm positions does the trainer demonstrate?
c. Low Clasp c. Low V
d. Low Touchdown d. Touchdown
12. Which of the following statements is the CORRECT description in

performing the cheer stance?
c. Feet should be perpendicular to each other.
d. Lead leg bent with the knee over the ankle.
e. Feet together, hands down by the side in blades.
f. Feet more than shoulder width apart, hands down by the side in blades.
13. Which of the following is NOT considered as a basic jump?

c. Bucket b. Herkie c. Side Hurdler d. Toe Touch
14. Which of the following statements is the CORRECT description in
performing the arm position, tabletop?
b. Arms extended straight up.
c. Arms are straight, above the head.
d. Arms bent at elbow and fists in front of shoulders.
65
e. One arm extended straight up other arm is on hips, in a fist.
Hand Position: Clap Arm Position: _______
c. Blade b. Cheer Stance c. Front Hurdler d. Tabletop
16. Which of the following is NOT considered as a basic tumbling?

c. Backward roll c. Forward roll
d. Cartwheel d. Front hurdler
17. Which of the following positions is NOT considered as a hand position?
c. Bow and Arrow c. Candlestick
d. Bucket d. Clasp
18. Which of the following is used to lead the crowd and emphasize word for
crowd response?
e. Basic gymnastic skills c. Cheer motions
f. Cheer dance d. Dance techniques
Arm Position: Punch Basic Jump: ______
e. Backward roll c. Front Lunge
f. Cartwheel d. Herkie
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read carefully and answer sensibly the given question below.
 “Cheering for your safety, so you can cheer for life”. What does the quotation
mean to you?
LESSON 14 HIP-HOP DANCE

WEEK 14
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
66
 Discuss the nature of hip-hop dance;
 Analyze physiological indicators such as heart rate, rate of perceived
exertion and pacing associated with MVPAs to monitor and /or adjust
participation or effort; and
 Realize one’s potential for health-and dance related activities.
E. INTRODUCTION
Young people like hip-hop dance because they can invent their own moves. It
offers young people a new way to express their own personalities and emotion.
This module contains the nature of hip-hop dance as well as understanding
about street dance. Also, you will be reminded to consider always your health
conditions in participating any physical activity by monitoring or adjusting
your participation.
F. LESSON PROPER
HIP-HOP DANCE
DID YOU KNOW?
The Philippine All-Stars is a Filipino Hip-hop

dance group from the Philippines. They won the
2006 and 2008 World Hip Hop Dance
Championships. Hip-hop community viewed All-
Star as one of most jaw-dropping crew to ever
exist.
WHAT IS HIP-HOP?
The word hip-hop was derived from the word “hep”, an African-American
vernacular English language since 1904 which means “current”.
Hip-hop was apparently invented by a New York rapper Kevin Donovan
(known as Afrika Bambaataa), who was dubbed as the Grandfather of Hip-
hop.
Hip-hop culture is from the African-American group of people who were
looking for a creative outlet to vent their frustrations and disappointments
67
with society (Dimalanta, 2006). It started with funky beats reverberating at
house or basement parties and the streets of New York.
Hip-hop has developed as a “cultural and artistic phenomenon affecting the
youth worldwide as it reflects the social, economic, political and cultural
realities and conditions of their lives, speaking to them in a language and
manner they understand.” (Aldridge and Stewart, 2005)
Hip-hop is a dance style performed to hip-hop music and usually done in the
street. It has evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It started in the 1970s and was
made popular in the 1980s by media exposure of several hip-hop dance
groups in America. Other terms that are used in street dance are crews,
freestyling and battles.
WHAT IS STREET DANCE?
The word “street dance” arrived in the

Philippines from the United States during
the 1980s but only gained unparalleled
popularity during the 1990s. According to
Dimalanta (2006), the word “street dance”
is a “Filipinized version” of hip-hop dance
that was specifically used by Filipino
dancers. Street dance competition
emerged not only in the Philippines but Figure 11.1 An example of street dance
also worldwide. Dance crews coming
from different places engage in freestyle
dance competitions and meet on street
corners or dance floors to battle other
groups. This is often referred to as
“battles”.
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HIP-HOP DANCE:
Hip-hop dance is a vibrant form of dance that combines a variety of freestyle

movements to create a cultural piece of art.
Hip-hop dance provides a vibrant means for exercise, art, and movement,
creating a platform for individual expression and undeniable talent.
68
It is among the most common styles of dance for music videos, concerts, and
dance competitions. It can be found in dance studios of all kinds, teaching its
unique and energetic compilation of movements to young and old.
Hip-hop dance is freestyle in nature and maybe practiced in either a dance
studio or in an open space outdoor.
Hip-hop dance can either be a form of entertainment or a hobby. It can be
also a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by
dancing professionally.
Hip-hop is very rhythmic and emphasis is placed on self-expression,
musicality—how sensitive the movements are to the music.
Hip-hop dance is characterized as hard-hitting involving flexibility and
isolations—moving a certain body part independently from others. The chest
is down and the body is kept loose so that a dancer can easily alternate
between hitting the beat and riding through the beat.
It consists of four (4) fundamental characteristics:
 RAPPING (MCing) – it is a vocal element. Rap music is the heart of the

hip-hop musical genre (Dimalanta, 2006)
 DISC JOCKEYING (DJing) – it

means scratching or turn-table
record mixing.
Figure 11. 2 An example of DJing
BREAK DANCING (B-boying) – it is

accentuated energetic movements
with acrobatic skills.
GRAFFITI ART – also known as Figure 11. 3 An example of break dancing

aerosol art. Graffiti can be
understood as antisocial behavior
performed in order to gain attention
or as a form of thrill seeking, but it
can also be understood as an
expressive art form.
69
Figure 11. 4 An example of Graffiti Art
The first Philippine Team who won the

World Hip Hop Dance Championships
is the Philippine All Stars. The World
Hip hop Dance Championships is an
International Competition wherein
thousands of the world’s best hip-hop
dancers come together and compete in
Las Vegas to capture the world title and
international bragging rights. Figure 11.5 The Philippine All Stars
It started in 2002 under the initiative of the Hip-hop International and became
the world’s most celebrated dance event. This event remains true to the real
values of hip-hop culture.
One of the pioneers of street dance in the Philippines is Jungee Marcelo. He
started the first formal street dance class in the Philippines after arriving from
US in 1991. After almost 11 years of living in a community dominated by
African-Americans in Los Angeles, he brought him his knowledge of urban
dance in the Philippines.
ANALYZE PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS TO MONITOR OR ADJUST

PARTICIPATION OR EFFORT
Analyzing physiological indicators such as heart rate, rate of perceived exertion

and pacing associated with MVPAs to monitor and /or adjust participation or
effort is important. Any dance performance requires high physiological capacity
due to its characteristics included a moderate-high intensity and high skill
activity. When trying to develop cardio-respiratory, the intensity of exercise must
not be ignored. Dance trainings and performances can be monitored by
identifying your resting heart rate, maximal heart rate and heart rate reserved.
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
70
ACTIVITY 11.1
Instruction: Select NO ERROR if you think the statement is correct. However,

change the underlined word you choose, if you think it makes the sentence
incorrect.
1. Hip-hop is a dance style performed to hip-hop music and usually done in the street. NO ERROR
A B C D
2. Hip-hop dance maybe practiced in either a dance studio or in an open space outdoor. NO ERROR
A B C D
3. One of the pioneers of street dance in the Philippines is Jungee Marcelo. NO ERROR
A B C D
4. Street dance arrived in the Philippines from the United States during 1970s. NO ERROR
A B C D
5. Hip-hop dance was invented by a New York rapper Jungee Marcelo. NO ERROR
A B C D
6. The other term used in street dance is freestyling. NO ERROR.
A B C D
7. Hip-hop dance can be a way to stay inactive in competitive dance. NO ERROR
A B C D
8. Hip-hop consists of four fundamental characteristics such as rapping, djing, b-boying, and graffiti art
A B C
NO ERROR.
D
9. The word hip-hop was derived from the word hop which means current. NO ERROR.
A B C D
10. Graffiti art can be understood as an expressive art form. NO ERROR.
A B C D
ACTIVITY 11.2
Instruction: Find the word or phrase about hip-hop dance. Encircle the words on
the list that are hidden in the puzzle. The words can be left to right, up and
down, or diagonally. Then, give the meaning of the words you find based on
your understanding. CLUE: 5 words (10 points)
C L O S I N G G I V E F
K E E P S O N R E A L O
S T R E E T D A N C E U
A L I G N E D F R O M R
F I L L I S T F O A A T
W A H A I R S I Y P T H
L A A I Q R S T P O T L
I R L D O D J I N G E O
71
S O F L I C N A O O N V
T R I P S G O R G I D E
H I P H O P S T O P S I
S H O W I N G R I L I Y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ASSESSMENT
answer.
11. Which of the following Philippine Dance Team first won the World Hip-hop
Dance Championship?
a. Philippine All Star c. The Addlib
b. Power Impact d. XB Gensan
12. Which of the following fundamental characteristics is accentuated energetic
movements with acrobatic skills?
a. B-boying b. DJing c. Graffiti Art d. Rapping
13. Which of the following fundamental characteristics of hip-hop can be
understood as antisocial behavior performed in order to gain attention?
a. B-boying b. Djing c. Graffiti Art d. Rapping
14. Who is one of the pioneers of street dance in the Philippines?
a. Aldridge c. Jungee Marcelo
b. Dimalanta d. Kevin Donovan
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true about hip-hop dance?
a. It can be a form of entertainment.
72
b. It is dance style performed to hip-hop music.
c. It started in the 1970s and was made popular in the 1990s.
d. It combines a variety of freestyle movements to create a cultural piece
of art.
16. Which of the following is a Filipinized version of hip-hop dance that was
specifically used by Filipino dancers?
a. Battles b. Crews c. Hip-hop d. Street dance
17. The following terms are used in street dance, EXCEPT:
a. Battles b. B-boying c. Crews d. Freestyling
18. Who is Jungee Marcelo?
a. He invented hip-hop dance.
b. He is one of the Philippine All Star dancers.
c. He was dubbed as the Grandfather of Hip-hop
d. He brought his knowledge of urban dance in the Philippines.
19. When did the word “street dance” arrive in the Philippines from the United
States?
a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
20. Which of the following is NOT considered as fundamental characteristics of
hip-hop dance?
a. Battles b. B-boying c. DJing d. Rapping
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION
Instruction: Read carefully and answer sensibly the given question below.)
 How can dance trainings and even performances can be monitored?
Why it is important?
73
LESSON
15-16 Festival Dances
WEEK 15-16
KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT
74

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Philippine Traditional

(folk and ethnic) Dances

WHO INTRODUCED FOLK DANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES?

Francisca Reyes Aquino is the first National Artist for

She began her research on folk dances in the 1920s,

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOLK, NATIONAL AND ETHNIC DANCES

● Ethnic dances or ethnological dances are those performed in primitive

Dugso (Bukidnon) is danced during

Dances relating to the cycle of human

Daling-daling (Sulu) is a famous

Dances that exhibit work and

Mag-Asik (Cotabato) According to

Mananagat (Cebu) is occupational

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES

● Geographical extent of origin

Lately folkloric specialists merged regional and functional classifications to sort

● TRIBAL DANCES FROM THE CORDILLERAS – include non-Christian

LIFE-CYCLE DANCES – dances that serve as ritual as one passes to a different

FESTIVAL DANCES – dances that

Sinulog Festival – A religious festival

Ati-Atihan Festival – One-of-a-kind

Dinagyang Festival – The religious

RITUAL AND CEREMONIAL DANCES – dances performed as part of the

MIMETIC OR DRAMA DANCES – dances that mimic or imitate animals,

Itik-Itik Dance from Surigao as

it imitates the movements of a duck.

IMPORTANCE OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE

ACTIVITY 4.1 IDENTIFICATION

ACTIVITY 4.2 TRUE OR FALSE

1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Francisca Reyes

LESSON 7 FUNDAMENTAL FOLK DANCE

Raised both arms Heels of front foot

green booklet and NOT on the module itself 😃

ACTIVITY 5.1 COMPLETE ME!

The student’s performance will evaluate using the rubrics given.

The student’s performance will evaluate using the rubrics given.

b. Dance Steps d. Time Signature

b. Dance Steps d. Time Signature

FAMOUS CONTEMPORARY DANCERS

 He can be considered the Father of

 He was best known for including

SELECTED CONTEMPORARY DANCE TECHNIQUES

Figure 5.3 Shows the basis of the Graham

HEALTH BENEFITS OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: All answers for the Activities, Application,

green booklet and NOT on the module itself 😃

Instruction: Select the underlined word or phrase that needs to be changed to

1. Contemporary dance is a style of expressive dance that combines elements of

8. Release technique focuses on the lack of tension, utilizes breath and

ACTIVITY 6.2 MATCHING TYPE

LESSON 9 BALLROOM DANCES

DID YOU KNOW?

WHAT IS BALLROOM DANCING?

INTERNATIONAL LATIN DANCES:

MODERATE TO VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (MVPA)

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: All answers for the Activities, Application,

green booklet and NOT on the module itself 😃

ACTIVITY 7.1 UNSCRAMBLE ME!

A. Lively style of dance G. 2341