HOPE Reviewer C.

Ancient Rome
1st Semester - 1st Grading - Gave less importance to dance
- Resulted to condemnation of dance by
I. History of Dance (Past & Modern) early Christians
- Dance as used for religious, social, &
Dance entertainment purposes
- From German word “damson” to stretch
or to drag ● MIDDLE AGES & RENAISSANCE
- Mirror of society Ballet - came into play during 1400s but
- Response to religious, historical events, became popular around 1500s when;
political & social statements
Catherine De Medici
History - Lady of Arts
● PREHISTORIC - Married King Henry 11
- Major form of religious ritual & social - Threw festivals where ballet was
expression within primitive culture performed
- Reinforcing tribal unity & strength
- Based on superstition & magic ● 15TH & 16TH CENTURY
- Vast dance movement occurred in
Shamans - lead dancers acted as Europe
physicians - New court dances & rise of ballet in Italy
& France
Religious leaders - kept tribes healthy,
prosperous, and safe ● LATE 16TH & 17TH CENTURY (1501-1700)
- Dances for court entertainment &
● ANCIENT CIVILIZATION professional purposes
A. Ancient Crete - Dances were pleasantly deep and rich
- Cultural link between Egyptians and in Italy, France, and England
Greeks
Masque Dancing (1600)
Cretans - used dance for military - Started from elaborate pageants.
training - Involve intricate costumes, stage design
with singing, dancing & acting
B. Ancient Greece
- Used dance for military training and ● 18TH CENTURY (1701-1800)
entertainment Classical Persian dancing (1795)
- Influenced by Qajar Dynasty
2 Kinds of Dance & Music - Artistic lively dance for Shah
a. Noble - fin & honorable Tippity, Tappity, Time for Tap
b. Ignoble - imitating what’s mean - Tap dancing originated from African
& ugly tribe
- Percussion two leather shoes with two
Plato - gave importance to dance pieces of metal & clip clap against hard
floors
 ● 19TH CENTURY (1801-1900) - How the entire body is molded in space
○ Caribbean Dance on the configuration of body parts
○ Acro Dance - Body can be: rounded, angular or
○ Jazz Dance combination
○ Ballroom Dance a. Symmetrical - balanced shape,
○ Cotillion Dance movements are identical or similar on
○ Quadrille both sides
○ Waltz b. Asymmetrical - unbalanced shape,
○ Polka movements do not match

● 20TH CENTURY (1901-2000)

- Period of dance fever 2. ACTION
- Any human movements included in
Contemporary Dance (1950) dancing
- Combines jazz, ballet, & modern dance - Dance steps, facial movements, partner
lifts, gestures, everyday movements
Hip Hop Dance (1970) - Movements can be improvised or made
- 3 styles: breaking, popping, locking up spontaneously
- Dancers can use choreographies
Social Dance Movements
- Castle Walk Dance - Tango 3. SPACE
- Foxtrot - Charleston - Area occupied and where performers
- Lindy Hop - Rumba move
- Mambo - Chacha
- Samba - Bossa Nova 4 Spatial Elements
- Boogaloo - Twist a. Direction - travel to any direction
b. Size - movements vary by doing larger
● 21ST CENTURY (2001-Present) or smaller actions
c. Level - high, medium, or low level
Dance Nowadays (2018) d. Focus - changing focus by looking at
- Small popular: whip, nae nae, shooting, different directions
etc.
4. TIME
II. Elements of Dance - Alternating movements and rest
Dance
- Act of moving one’s body rhythmically Breath & Waves
to music - Examples of rhythms in nature that
- Act of dancing repeat but not as consistently as in
metered rhythm
Elements (BASTE) - Organized in: clock time, sense time,
events sequence
1. BODY
5. ENERGY
Bodily Shape - Movements are propelled by energy or
force
 - Initiate stop or action - Balancing 5-6 clay pots full of water on
- Varied their heads
- Minimizes the monotony of movements
3. Idudu
6 Qualities of Dance & Energy - Itneg/Tinggian couple taking turns in
1. Sustained - movements done smooth taking care of their children while
with flow & control working in the fields.
2. Percussive - explosive & sharp
3. Vibratory - trembling, jittery effect, faster Visayas
version of percussive - Central part
4. Swinging - curve line or arc shape - Melting pot of diverse cultures &
5. Suspended - hanging on air traditions
6. Collapsing - released and gradually - Dances have Western, Arabian, Spanish
giving in to gravity influences
- Upbeat rhythm reflecting happy outlook
III. History of Philippine Folk Dance of people

Francisca Reyes Aquino 1. Tinikling (Leyte)

- Born in Bocaue March 9, 1899 - - National dance of Philippines
November 21, 1983 - Mimics tikling bird hopping over shrubs
- Recipient of Republic Award of Merit or bamboo traps
and Ramon Magsaysay Award - Grace while jumping between two
- National Artist of the Philippines for poles
dance
- Thesis: Philippine Folk Dances and 2. Kuratsa (Bohol)
Games (1926) - Young, free-spirited couple getting
each other’s attention
Philippine Folk Dances - Waltz

Luzon 3. Inalimango (Panay & Capiz)

- Northern part - Mimics mud crab movements
- Cordillera Tribes: Benguet, Ifugao,
Bontoc, Apayao, & Kalinga (BIBAK) 4. Itik-Itik (Surigao Del Norte)
- Imitates duck movements
1. Idaw
- hunting of idaw bird by tribesmen. Mindanao
- Idaw bird believed to lead the tribe to - Southern part
victory. - Reflect religion & culture of Muslim
Filipinos
2. Banga
- Cordillera women fetching water from 1. Singkil
rivers or spring for their families. - Represents the epic legend “
- Project skills, agility, grace, & strength of Darangan”
women - Princess Darangan
2. Kini-Kini 4. Improve posture
- Royal walk illustrates the social
upbringing of elite Maranao women. IV. Top 10 Most Popular Dances in the World
- Scarves (SHITTKAFBD)

3. Pangalay Folk Dances

- Badjao (gypsies) dance - Dances that depict life of people of a
- Agility of upper body certain country or region
- Commonly performed at weddings & - Not all ethnic dances are folk dances
social gatherings - “Ethnic” and “Traditional” used to
emphasize the cultural roots of dance
4. Asik
- Danced solo by a maiden to win the 1. Samba (Brazil)
heart of Sultan masters - Roots of Afro-Brazilian tradition
- African percussion instruments
Nature - Portuguese language lyrics
1. Occupational Dance - human labor
2. Religious/Ceremonial Dance - spiritual 2. Hula (Hawaii)
vows & ceremonies - Performed either sitting, standing, or
3. Game Dance - play components combination
4. Courtship Dance - man’s love for - Hypnotic dance by Polynesians
woman - Accompaniment of ukulele
5. Wedding Dance - feast or reception
6. Festival Dance - special occasions or 3. Irish Step Dance (Ireland)
social gatherings - Evolved from traditional Irish Dance
7. War Dance - imaginary fighting, - Wearing 2 kinds of shoes: hard or soft
combat, or duel - Popular around the world today

Characteristics 4. Tarantella (Italy)

1. Dancers generally stand apart - 16th century in Taranto, Italy
2. Little body contact - Death from poisonous bite of Tarantula
3. Pairs of couples do most of the dances spider
4. Hand gestures are significant - Therapeutic purposes
5. Long formation
6. Begin and end with salute/bow 5. Tango (Argentina)
7. Lowland dances have more foreign - Buenos Aires
features than upland dances - One of the world’s most popular
8. Non-Christian dances commonly depict ballroom dances
conflict and rivalry - Sensual and erotic

Benefits 6. Kabuki (Japan)

1. Sense of nationalism & patriotism - Combine drama, dinging, dancing
2. Increase appreciation - Began in the streets of Kyoto in 17th
3. Recreation & relaxation century
 - Performed only by women
3. Dinagyang Festival (Iloilo City)
7. Apsara (Cambodia) - Celebrate arrival of Malay settles in
- Female spirit or nymph in Hindu & Panay
Buddhist mythologies
- Created by Royal Ballet of Cambodia 4. Sinulog Festival (Cebu City)
under the patronage of the Queen in - Traditional ritual dance in honor of Santo
1940s Niño

8. Flamenco (Spain) 5. The Feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia

- Native to Andalusian region (Naga City, Bicol)
- Singing, dancing, guitar playing, hand - Preceded by a novena in honor of the
clapping, finger tapping Lady of Peña Francia

9. Bharatanatyam (India) 6. Pahiyas Festival (Lucban, Quezon)

- Classical dance, oldest in India - One of the biggest and most colorful
- Mother of Indian classical dances harvest festivals in the country
- In honor of San Isidro Labrador, patron
10. Dragon Dance (China) saint of farmers
- Traditional dance and performance in
Chinese culture B. Secular/Non-Religious Festival Dances
- Showcase different cultures and values
V. Festival Dances in the Philippines of industry and unity
- Celebrate bountiful harvest
Festival Dances accompanied by indigenous
- Cultural dances performed by the instruments.
people in the community sharing the
same culture 1. Lanzones Festival (Camiguin Island)
- Usually done in honor of Patron saint as - Thanksgiving for harvest of sweet
thanksgiving for bountiful harvest lanzones during 3rd week of October

A. Religious Festival Dances 2. Maskara Festival (Bacolod City)

- Movements showing reverence to a - Celebration of positivity and optimism,
religious icon help people become resilient
- Thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest
3. Ibalong Festival (Legazpi, Albay)
1. Ati-Atihan Festival (Kalibo, Aklan) - Epic story of Ibalong
- Held in January to honor Santo Niño - Imitate appearance heroes and villains
- Portrays classic battle
2. Moriones Festival (Marinduque)
- Held in Holy Week 4. Kalilangan Festival (General Santos City)
- Masked & costumed penitents who - Tradition of hospitality & altruism as part
march around the town for 7 days of cultural heritage of Mindanao
5. Panagbenga Festival (Baguio City)
 - Tribute to flowers that bloom in the Fundamental Movements
community - Laterals - Spiral
- Express gratitude with flower-covered - Stag Leap - Stag Turn
floats - Primitive Squat - Flat Back
- Hinge - Contraction
VI. Ballet Dance - Release - High Release
Ballet
- Italian word “ballare” to dance, “ballo” VIII. Cheerdance
refers to dances performed in ballrooms
Cheerdance
Catherine de Medici (Queen of France) - Physical activity with a combination of
- Brought ballet to the country which different dance genres and gymnastic
marked the staging of ballet skills
- Ballet further developed at French - New in the field of sports and dance
courts during 16th century - Emerged during 1990s as part of
- Ballet and the arts experienced cheerleading events
changes during 20th century - Was an all male activity for the first 25
- Ballet today has become multifaceted years
& several of its forms are linked to great -
Modern Ballet Fundamental Movements
- Beginning Stance - Cheer Stance
Fundamental Movements - Bucket - Candle Stick
- Plie - Releve - Blade - Jazz Hands
- Saute - Arabesque - Clasp - Clap
- Balance - Chaines - Tabletop - High V
- Changement - Chasse - Low V - Touchdown
- Developpe - Jete - T-Motion - Diagonal
- Overhead Clasp - Front Lounge
VII. Modern Dance - Side Lounge - Feet Apart
- Jogging - Herkie
Modern Dance - Toe Touch - Hurdle
- Developed independently in America & - Forward Roll - Backward Roll
Germany - Cartwheel
- “Contemporary” = modern = current
- “Ausdruckstanz” German for “expressive
dance”

Pioneers
1. Isadora Duncan
2. Ruth St. Denis
3. Ted Shawn