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    Resouces-Study Material

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    Resouces-Study Material

    Uploaded by

    golconda67
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    RESOUCES-STUDY MATERIAL

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    2 views4 pages

    Resouces-Study Material

    Uploaded by

    golconda67

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    GEO-CH-1 Resource and Development-

    1.Define the term Resource?


    Ans :- Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs
    provided,
    It is technology accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as
    resource.
    What is sustainable development?
    Sustainable development is development that meets the need of the present generation
    without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
    Promotion of natural resources, conservation, preserving regenerative. capacity of
    ecological system and avoiding the imposition of environmental..
    What are the Six types of soil?
    Ans :- 1. Forest & Mountainous
    2. Alluvial
    3.Red & Yellow
    4. Black
    5. Laterite
    6 . Arid
    . Explain about the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit 1992 ?
    Ans :- In June 1992,more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the
    first International Earth Summit. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems
    of environmental protection and socio- economic development at the global level.
    . What are the Major Characteristics of Alluvial Soil?
    Ans :- The Major characteristics of alluvial soil are :-
    1. It is formed by the deposition of the river load as it flows from its upper to its lower course.
    2. It is light and porous therefore easily tillable
    3. It is a fertile soil as it is rich in minerals, especially in Potash and Lime.
    4. It is suitable for the growth of a large variety of Rabi and Kharif crops
    5. Soil in the drier areas are more alkaline
    . What are Black soils? Describe their formation and characteristics?
    Ans :- 1.Black soils are formed by volcanoes. These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’
    or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’. Features: The black soils are generally clayey, deep and
    impermeable.
    2. They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So, during the dry season,
    these soil develop wide cracks.
    Thus occurs a kind of self ploughing.

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    3. Black soils are formed by volcanoes. These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the
    ‘Black Cotton Soil’. Features: The black soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
    They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So, during the dry season,
    these soil develop wide cracks.

    . Explain the formation and important features of the laterite soil ?


    Ans:- Formation : It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. The laterite
    soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains.
    Features :
    (i) The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture.
    (ii) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements, the laterite soils lack fertility,
    and are not suitable for cultivation. But when the soils are manured and irrigated, some crops
    can be cultivated.
    (iii) As the soils are indefinitely durable, they provide valuable building materials.

    . What is Arid Soil?


    Ans :- Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in structure and
    saline in nature. In some areas, the salt content is so high that common salt is obtained by
    evaporating the saline water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature and accelerated
    evaporation, they lack moisture and humus.

    . What are the problems caused by soil erosion?


    Ans :- 1. Loss of valuable topsoil
    2. Burying valuable topsoil
    3. Damage to fields
    4. Plant productivity decline
    5. Desertification
    .Explain the following
    A. Soil Erosion
    B. Sheet Erosion
    C. Rill Erosion
    D. Gully Erosion

    Ans :- (A) The washing or blowing away( by water or wind) of the top layer of the soil is
    called soil erosion.
    Erosion whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involve three distinct action :- soil
    detachment, movement and deposition

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    (B) Sheet erosion is the uniform removal of surface soil in thin layers by rainfall and run of
    water.
    The breaking action of raindrop combined with the surface floor is the major cause of sheet
    erosion.
    It is the first stage of erosion and the last conspicuous but the most extensive.
    (C) Rill erosion are Shallow drainage lines where water begins to collect in the form of
    depressions and begins to Erode soil.
    (D) Gully erosion takes place when water running water cuts deep ravines in the absence of
    vegetation. This type of erosion makes soil unfit for cultivation.
    . What are the Types of Conservation of Soil ? Explain the conversation of soil in detail?
    Ans :- 1. Strip Cropping :- Under strip cropping large fields are divided into strips and
    different types of crops are grown on alternative strips along contours or across the prevailing
    direction of winds.
    This breaks up the force of the wind.
    2.Terrace Farming :- Terrace farming is the process of cultivating crops on the sides of hills
    or mountains by planting on graduated terraces carved into the slope.
    The practice of carving flat regions out of hilly or mountainous terrain to produce crops.
    3. Contour Ploughing :- Contour Ploughing means following the natural contours when tilling
    the soil, planting and cultivating.
    It mitigates the impacts of floods, storms and landslides on the crops by reducing soil erosion,
    controls runoff water, increases moisture infiltration and retention and thus enhances soil
    quality and composition.
    4. Shelterbelts :- Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way.
    Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly
    to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in western India.
    . What is Piedmont Plains?
    Ans :- Piedmont plains :-
    ● Deposits of Alluvial Plains have resulted in the formation of Piedmont plains.These
    plains in India can be seen in different regions.
    ● They are known by different names called Duars ,Chos , terai etc .
    ● These are very fertile and they are available at the foot of the mountainous region .
    ● They also have colour changing capacity.
    ● They develop a reddish colour because of the iron in crystalline form and metamorphic
    rocks present in it . In hydrate forms it also looks yellow.
    .What are the three complex processes of the involvement of resource planning?
    Ans-The three Steps of Resource Planning are
    ● 1. identification and inventory of resources,
    ● 2. Developing a planning structure with the proper technology,

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    ● 3. comparing the resource plans with overall national development plans.

    .What is land degradation ? What are the causes?


    Ans.Reasons for land degradation are---
    1.Deforestation,(mention the states practicing)
    2.Over grazing- mention the states practicing
    3.Mining -- mention the states practicing
    4.Quarrying- mention the states practicing
    5.Over irrigation- mention the states practicing
    6.Industrial waste- mention the states practicing

    Measres to check Land degration are—

    There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation.


    1, Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
    2. Planting of shelter belts of plants,
    3.control on over grazing,
    4. stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check
    land degradation.

    .What are the reasons for the depletion of resources? •


    Ans. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals. • a)Accumulation of
    resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e. haves and
    have nots or rich and poor.
    b) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
    warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

    What is Agenda 21?


    Ans. It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat /fight (to
    take care of)environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation on common
    interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

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