CBSE

Test Paper - 01
Chapter - 09 Resources and Development

1. Ravines refers to the (1)

a. Bad land created at Kulu valley

b. Bad land created at Chambal valley
c. Bad land created at Godavari valley
d. Bad land created at Ganga valley

2. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’: (1)

a. Brundtland Commission Report

b. Mandal Commission Report
c. Simon Commission Report
d. Bretley Commission Report

3. Name the most widely spread soil in India. (1)

a. black soil
b. red soil
c. Alluvial soil
d. late rite soil

4. At present, there are about ______ hectares of degraded land in India. (1)

a. 130 thousand
b. 130 crores
c. 30 million
d. 130 million

5. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced? (1)

a. Punjab
b. Plains of Uttar Pradesh
c. Uttarakhand
 d. Haryana

6. What is strip cropping? (1)

7. What soil is the best for cotton cultivation? (1)

8. Where was the first International Earth Summit held? (1)

9. State the importance of Rio convention. (1)

10. How do rocks plays an important role in the formation of soil? (3)

11. Explain any three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation.
(3)

12. What are the different factors that determine land use? (3)

13. Why does the pattern of net sown area vary from one state to another? (3)

14. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
(5)

15. Provide a suitable classification of resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main
features of any three types of such resources. (5)
 CBSE Test Paper - 01
Chapter - 09 Resources and Development

Answers

1. b. Bad land created at Chambal valley

Explanation: A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and is often the
product of stream cutting erosion.The Chambal river badlands is a late
Pleistocene-Holocene degradational landscape. In the Chambal basin such lands
are called ravines.

2. a. Brundtland Commission Report

Explanation: The seminal contribution with respect to resource conservation
at the global level was made by the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987. The
term sustainable development was coined in the paper Our Common Future,
released by the Brundtland Commission. The UN General Assembly realized
that there was a heavy deterioration of the human environment and natural
resources. To rally countries to work and pursue sustainable development
together, the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission.

3. c. Alluvial soil
Explanation: Alluvial Soils: This is the most widely spread and important soil.
Alluvial soils is are formed by the deposits of the sediments brought by rivers.
Most of the rivers originate from the Himalayas and bring along high amount of
sediments with them. It is found in the northern plains beginning from Punjab
to West Bengal and Assam. It is also found in deltas of different rivers such as
Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri and Mahanadi in peninsular India. Alluvial soil is
highly fertile and is light grey in colour. Crops mainly cultivated include wheat,
rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed etc.

4. d. 130 million
Explanation: At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded
land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belongs to the category of forest
degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and the rest is affected by
saline and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation, over
 grazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land
degradation.

5. c. Uttarakhand
Explanation: Terrace or Step farming is a downward sloped section which has
been fragmented into series of consecutive flat surfaces. These surfaces are
used in vegetation and cultivation of vegetables, crops or flowers. Terrace
farming is the most relevant and efficient way of farming for hilly regions such
as Uttarakhand state.

6. The method of cropping in which large fields divided into strips is called strip
cropping. There are strips of grass left to grow between the crops. This is done
because breaks up the force of the wind.

7. Black soil is the best for growing cotton. The black soil moistures very well hence it is
excellent for growing cotton.

8. The first International Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

9. Rio convention is the first-ever legal convention on global climate change and
biological diversity, held in Brazil. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent
problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global
level.

10. It takes millions of years to form soil upto a few cm in depth. Relief, parent rock or
bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in
the formation of soil. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions
of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the
formation of soil. It is believed that climatic condition along with the parent rock
material are the important factors for the formation of soil and its texture.

11. The following steps can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation.

i. Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow
of water down the slopes. This type of farming is usually practised across the
hillside and is useful in collecting and diverting the runoff to avoid erosion.
ii. Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes, making terraces. Terrace
 cultivation restricts erosion. The use of terraces help to prevent erosion and soil
runoff. By using terraces, a hillside can remain productive for as long as the soil is
properly cared for and the terraces maintained.
iii. Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to
grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind, reducing its effect.

12. Both physical and human factors determine the land use pattern of any area.

i. Physical factors include topography, climate, and soil types.

ii. Human factors include population density, technological capability and cultural
traditions.

13. Net sown area depends on topography and forest cover. This factor varies from one
place to another. Hence, the pattern of net sown area varies from one state to
another. On account of the vast expanse of India, its relief, climate, soil and socio-
economic set-up vary from region to region accounting for the variation in the pattern
of net sown area from one state to another.

i. The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80
per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana. Geographical conditions like
climate and soil here, are favourable for cultivation. Further, due to agricultural
advancement through Green Revolution, more areas have been brought under
cultivation.
ii. On the other hand, less than 10 per cent of the total area is net sown area in
Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Topographical constraints, unfavourable climate and socio-economic reasons
account for the low proportion of net sown areas in these states.

14. Technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources in the
following ways:

i. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to
accelerate their economic development.
ii. As more technological development occurs there is an increased need for inputs
and utilization of resources.
iii. Technical and technological development is closely linked to economic
 development.
iv. For example, more factories providing employment to more people are a
necessity. For the factory land and labour is used. For this mining of minerals and
metals increases.
15. i. Classification of resources on the basis of ownership:
a. Individual resources
b. Community-owned resources
c. National resources
d. International resources
i. Individual resources: Resources which are privately owned against the
payment of revenue by individuals, e.g., ponds, pasture lands, etc. These are also
referred to as a private resource. These are indicators of a capitalist country and
its influence.
ii. Community-owned resources: Resources which are accessible to all the
members of a community, e.g., picnic spots. These assets can be people, places or
structures, and community services.
iii. National resources: All the resources (minerals, water resources, forests,
wildlife, land) which are present in the political boundaries and oceanic area of a
nation up to 12 nautical miles in the ocean from the coast, termed as terrestrial
water and resources therein belong to the nation.