REASONS LEADING TO LATE SLEEPING HABITS AND

ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

EDUCATION STUDENTS OF LSPU-LSC

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of

Laguna State Polytechnic University
Lopez Satellite Campus

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Elementary Education

KAYE ANGELIE BOBIS ROMEY

August 2022

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 Republic of the Philippines
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
Lopez Satellite Campus
Lopez, Quezon

VISION

LSPU is a center of technological innovation that promotes interdisciplinary

learning, sustainable utilization of resources, collaboration, and partnership
with the community and stakeholders.

MISSION

LSPU, driven by progressive leadership, is a premier institution providing

technology-mediated agriculture, fisheries and other related emerging
disciplines significantly contributing to the growth and development of the
region and nation.

QUALITY POLICY

We at LSPU are committed with continual improvement to provide quality,

efficient and effective services to the university stakeholders’ highest level of
satisfaction through a dynamic and excellent management system imbued
with utmost integrity, professionalism, and innovation.

CORE VALUES

Integrity, Professionalism and Innovation

LSPU develops:
S – pirited
T – ransparent
U – pright
D – isciplined
E – fficient
N – oble
T – rustworthy
S – killful

ii
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Lopez Satellite Campus
Lopez, Quezon

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis study entitled “REASONS LEADING TO LATE SLEEPING

HABITS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ACADEMIC STUDY OG EDUCATION
STUDENTS OF LSPU-LSC” prepared and submitted by KAYE ANGELIE B.
ROMEY, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION has been examined and
hereby recommended for approval and acceptance.

REJULIOS M. VILLENES, PhD

Adviser
_____________________________________________________
Approved by the Oral Examination Committee on August 27, 2022.

MA. LYN IGLIANE-VILLENES, MAEd RAYMUND C. FRANCIA, MATE

Subject Specialist Language Critic

MAC CHRISTIAN C. DELLOSA, MTE MENIANO D. EBORA, EdD

Statistician Technical Editor

FRANZ LESLY CAPELLAN-VILLAOS, MEM

Chair
_____________________________________________________
Accepted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.

FLORENCIA L. CAPELLAN
Deputy Campus Director

ELAINE ROSE G. NACHON, PhD MA. GRACIELA C. PRADILLADA, RGC

Associate Dean, CTE Registrar

Research Contribution No:______________

Date:_______________________________

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This undertaking would not be possible without the presence of the following.
First and foremost, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my
research adviser, Prof. Rejulios M. Villenes, for his very incomparable
guidance and for leading to the timely completion of this research.
Second, I would also like to extend my special thanks to Mrs. Joy M.
Belmonte and Mr. Elmar P. Guiruela for validating the face and content of my
data-gathering tools for these to align with my research questions.
Third, I would also like to acknowledge Mr. Roland V. Magsino for his
support in analyzing my data statistically.
Fourth, data would not be collected without these people and
institutions. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to Laguna State
Polytechnic University, Lopez Campus, spearheaded by Mrs. Florencia L.
Capellan for allowing and helping me to collect data that contributed to the
completion of this study.
Last, my heartfelt gratitude to my family, relatives, and friends for their
unwavering financial and moral support, inspiration, and motivation for me to
comply with this undertaking.
Above all, I am indebted God Almighty for his wisdom and guidance
throughout this study.

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 DEDICATION

To my ever supportive family, my dear parents, grandparents, sisters,

brothers, friends whose moral and financial support abound.

This is for you.

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 ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the underlying reasons leading to late sleeping

habits and how it affects the academic study of education students of LSPU-

LSC. This research study used the quantitative research method and

descriptive-correlational design was applied in this study. The study found that

there are so many reasons why late sleeping habits occurs. The study also

revealed that the over used of social media can also affect the sleeping

patterns of the students. Using ANOVA or Analysis of Variances statistical

tool, this study determined that there no significant differences between the

technology use, independents practice and environmental factors. Therefore,

the researcher designed Program SPISSBA (Sleep Promotion Program for

Improving Sleep Behaviors in Adolescents), this program aims to improve

and prevent unhealthy habits of students.

Keywords: Late Sleeping Habits, Academic Study

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries
Page
Title Page i

LSPU Vision, Mission, Quality Policy and Core Values ii

Acceptance Sheet iii

Acknowledgement iv
Dedication v
Research Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x

Chapter
1 The Problem and Its Background
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypothesis 3
Conceptual Framework 4
Theoretical Framework 5
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitations of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9

2 Review of Related Literature

Thematic Discussion 10
Synthesis of Related Literature 13

3 Research Methodology
Research Design 15
Research Locale 16
Respondents 16
Research Instrument 16
Data Gathering Procedure 17
Data Analysis 17
Research Ethics 18
4 Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
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 Technology Use 19
Independent Learning Practice 21
Environmental Factors 22

Summary of the reasons Leading to Late 25

Sleeping Habits ang its Effect on the Academic Study
Of Education Students of LSPU-LSC

Intervention Program in addressing Late Sleeping Habits 26

5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings 30
Conclusions 32
Recommendations 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Communication Tools
Appendix B: Data Gathering Tools
Appendix C: Computation of Comprehension Test Score
(Average Percentage Score)
Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae

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 LIST OF TABLES
Number Title
Page
1 Technology Use 30

2 Independent Learning Practice 32

3 Environmental Factors 33
4 Summary of the Reasons Leading
Late Sleeping Habits given by
LSPU-LSC

5 Significant Difference Between 39

the Identified Reasons Leading to
Sleeping Habits

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title
Page
1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 8
2 Theoretical Framework of the Study 11

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Sleep is a vital function that gives your body and minds that boost your

energy, keeps you refreshed and brightens up your entire day. Individuals

who get enough of sleep can perform better. The human body requires seven

hours of sleep per night on average eight to nine hours of sleep per day. In

today's world, appealing social and media distractions are available 24 hours

a day, seven days a week.

Students are tending to spend more time on social media for reasons

other than education, this causes distraction from learning environment,

affecting their academic progress (Bekalu, 2019) and (Hettiarachchi, 2014).

Cramming and staying up for extended periods of time, it is common

for students to work late at night to complete their assignments (Eun, 2012).

According to the article written by (Ryan, 2021) Final’s week is characterized

by high stress, poor diet, and poor sleep habits. While college students are

generally sleep deprived, the additional stress and anxiety associated with

exams can lead to students pulling "all-nighters" or not sleeping at all in order

to cram for tests.

When it comes to influencing sleep-wake behaviour and sleep quality,

noise is another important issue to consider. High levels of noise during sleep,

whether from traffic, neighbours, or intruders in your own home have been

found to reduce sleep quality, lead you to wake up more frequently during the

night and even increase stress hormone output (Gosta & Eriksson, 2011).

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Background of the study

As mentioned by Khemk et al., 2020 daytime exhaustion, irregular

sleep schedules, and sleep deprivation are all too common among school and

college students. In reality many students are overworked. Many students

take a full course load, work a part-time job, and try to socialize in their spare

time. In contrast, a lack of sleep can have a negative impact on grades among

other things.

As a college student there are so many consequences on lack of

sleeping habits on a first-hand. Many of students do not get enough sleep

because of their poor grades. They frequently stay up late watching videos,

sparing time in social media or on rare occasions and doing schoolwork.

The researcher determined the underlying reasons leading to late

sleeping habits and its effect on academic performance of education students

of LSPU-LSC; it is critical to understand that this kind of problem must be

addressed because how can we learn if late sleeping habits occurs and has a

negative impact on academic study, as a result, the findings of this study

provide a better understanding on students experiencing late sleeping habits

and affect their academic study. This study encouraged students to prevent

unhealthy habits.

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Statement of the Problem

This study was aimed to determine the underlying reasons leading to

late sleeping habits and its effect on academic performance of education

students of Laguna State Polytechnic University Lopez-Satellite Campus.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the reasons leading to late sleeping habits and its effect on

academic performance of education students of LSPU LSC in terms of?

1.1. technology use;

1.2. independent learning practices; and,

1.3. environment factors?

2. Is there a significant difference among the identified reasons that affect the

academic studies of education students of LSPU LSC?

3. What support program can be recommended based on the analyzed data

to help education students of LSPU LSC experiencing academic failure

caused by late sleeping habits?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference among the identified reasons leading

to late sleeping habits that affect student’s academic performance.

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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework represents synthesis of reasons leading to

late sleeping habits of the students. The conceptual framework was designed

with three variables, the input, process and output. It is used by the

researcher to seek information about the subject of the study.

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
1. Technology Use Health
* Survey
2. Independent Education
* Data Gathering Program that
Practice
* Statistical addresses late
3. Environmental sleeping habits
Analysis
Factors and offers tips
on sleep hygiene

The IPO approach is depicted in the conceptual framework; it is where

the input variables include the technology use, independent learning practices

and environmental factors. Validating the research survey questionnaire is the

first step in the process, after which the researcher continues on to data

collecting, such as conducting a survey, and lastly data analysis. After

obtaining all of the data, the study produced a recommended intervention or

program that will address the effects of late sleeping habits and offers tips on

sleep hygiene.

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Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework is the structure that hold to support the study

coming from different researchers and philosophers' information. It is a

collection of theories and interrelated concepts. The theoretical framework

describes and introduces the theory that explains why the research problem is

occurring.

Reason of Sleep Deprivation affecting

Academic Study of Education Students

Social Cognitive
Cognitive Noise Pollution
Theory
Explanation Theory
(Bandura, 1986) Theory

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework of the Study

The diagram shown above related to the late sleeping habits and its

effect on their academic performance .

In synthesizing each part, ancient theories are employed. Which were

those ideas are done years ago, and now they are still used by researchers

and taken into a big part and provide more theories on this study.

Three theories are selected to guide the structure of this study. Which

Theoritical Framework was suggested to be used to form a conceptual

framework.

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According to Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) students can

influence their thoughts and activities in order to achieve specific goals, such

as higher grades but there is an instances that a student can experience

procrastination which shows lack of self-control or self-regulation. Student

who procrastinate frequently may have lower academic self-effecacy.

This viewpoint will let the students aware that even in a single period

of time procrastination exist and have impact on their study. Students will give

prominences to their self-system that enables them to exercise a measure of

control over their thoughts, feelings and actions.

Social Cognitive Theory is related to my study because it is about how

students can cope their studies in the environment they have. It is related to

sub problem of my study, the Independent Learning Practice because

procrastination is a behavior that a student may have when they are lack of

sleep it can also create distractions in the learning process of the learner.

Social networking addiction is a mental concern about the usage of

social networks and the allocation of time to these networks, according to

another theory revealed in this study, Cognitive Explanation Theory. It

interferes with people's other social activities, such as their work and

professional lives, their interpersonal connections, and their health. Social

media is used by people to deal with both internal and external difficulties.

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Social networking has a severe impact on physical and mental health. People

with worry, stress, sadness, and low self-esteem are thought to be more

prone to social networking addiction. Addictive behaviour refers to repeated

habits that increase the risk of disease or social problems in a person.

This theory will help the students know that the more use technology

the more they risk their health. Cognitive Explanation Theory is related to my

study because it is about how student experience social network addiction or

over use of technology which can lead to their academic failure. It is related to

subproblem of my study, the Technology Use because social networking

addiction is one of the cause that a student's may lead to have lack of enough

sleep and have impact on their academic success.

Noise Pollution Theory is described as the repeated exposure of

people or other living organisms to high levels of sound that may cause harm.

Constant air or land traffic during the night causes sleep disruptions, which

are a dangerous condition that can affect daily performance and lead to

serious diseases. Theory is related to my study because this all about the

noise pollution at may also affect the sleeping pattern and habits of students.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will aid in the design of improved learning,

providing a valuable and useful insight for them to develop. In conducting this

study, it will be a significant tool for understanding the reasons why students

are experiencing late sleeping habits, in the way that learning process could

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greatly enhance the ability of the university administration to make

informed decisions.

For parents this study will provide information on how late sleeping

habits occurs and affects their child's academic performance. As a result, they

will be able to assist or lead their child in this matter.

Students will aware about how late sleeping habits affects their

academic performance. This study assists them in avoiding late sleeping

habits, spending time on nonsense things, so, that they can study effectively.

Future Researchers may find this study useful as a foundation for

future research or as an incentive to undertake more.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Beyond the effect of sleeping habits on memory consolidation, lack of

sleep has been linked to poor attention and cognition. Well-controlled sleep

deprivation studies have shown that lack of sleep not only increases fatigue

and sleepiness but also worsens cognitive performance (Okano, 2019).

This study entitled Reasons Leading to Late Sleeping Habits and Its

effect on Academic Performance of Education Students of LSPU-Lopez only

focuses on the total population form 1st year to 4th year students of College

of Teacher Education at LSPU- Lopez.

The researcher wants to determine the underlying reasons of late

sleeping habits and how it’s effect on their academic performance. It makes

use of Quantitative/Descriptive design and surveys from using Google Form in

research instruments.
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Definition of Terms

In order to fully understand the research study, the following terms are defined

conceptually and operationally.

Sleep is pertaining to time to bed, time to rise, drinking coffee at night,

duration of night sleep and consumption of sleeping pills.

Technology Use it is one of the indicators in the research questions

that pertains to the habits that can be characterized as a hindrances on taking

sleep.

Independent Learning Practice in this present undertaking pertains

the involvement self-efficacy.

Environmental Factors an indicator that pertains into sleeping

environment, noise disturbance that significantly affects one’s sleeping habits.

Significant Differences, is a measurable difference between two

groups or two points in time when there is a significant difference between

them (AlleyDog, 2022). This term used to elaborate on the difference between

the two variables.

Intervention is the act of interfering with the outcome or course

especially of a condition or process. In this study, it refers to the program

that the researcher wants to develop as an output of this study to improve the

sleeping patterns of a students..

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED AND STUDIES

The subject of the study is the reasons leading to late sleeping habits

and its effect on academic study of education students. This section includes

a survey of related literature, as well as, the important and common concerns.

When working on this research study, the researcher drew on a variety of

data sources, including publications and studies, to create a credible and

genuine review that could benefit this study.

Some of the reason why students experiencing late sleeping habits

are;

Technology Use

This chronic sleep deprivation may impair academic performance,

mood regulation, and total well-being. Investigation of new approaches to

promote good sleep should be prioritized (Ranasinghe et al., 2018).

The Philippines has one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation in

Asia, according to a survey by the US-based think tank, the American Sleep

Foundation (ASF), 46 percent of Filipinos do not get enough sleep and 32

percent sleep for fewer than six hours.

As stated in the report, an observation that young people are nearly

always on their phones almost, 95 percent of them have a smartphone and

roughly 45 percent are online. This study discovered that adolescents spend

more time in electronic activities such as social media, television, web surfing,

and even gaming, and that the more time they spend, the less sleep they get

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at night. In contrast, this problem exacerbates symptoms like insomnia and

despair (Newsom, 2020).

A recent study looked into the growing problem of insomnia caused by

social media use. In two cohorts of young adults, the "fear of missing out"

(FoMo) was found to be an indirect predictor of sleep problems. Sleep

hygiene and obsessive usage of social media have different medication

effects on sleep problems (Tandon, 2020).

Project Tech is a four-week intervention that aims to improve sleep

quality and quantity by focusing on sleep hygiene and stimulus control,

specifically avoiding the use of technology in bed and before bedtime (Lahar,

2019).

According to the National Sleep Foundation's 2011 Sleep in America

Poll included questions about using electronics before bed. According to the

survey, roughly four out of every ten Americans bring their cell phone into bed

when attempting to sleep. This behavior was especially prevalent among

adolescents and young adults aged 13 to 29. Furthermore, six out of ten

respondents said they used a desktop or laptop computer within an hour of

going to bed, (Suni & Singh, 2021).

About 70.6% of college students are found to have less than eight

hours of sleep per night. Lack of sleep can have a multitude of adverse effects

on college students such as decreased attention spans, fluctuation in

emotions, and memory consolidation.

A scoping review examines the factors that influence sleep quality in

college students. Lifestyle variables have the greatest impact on sleep quality,

followed by mental health considerations, social factors, and physical ones.

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Physical activity can have both beneficial and negative implications for

sleep quality.

Independent Learning Practice

According to the research, two studies were undertaken with students

in basic physics classrooms to explore their sleep habits after many years of

counselling them to obtain enough sleep the night before their final test. Few

students obtained enough sleep in the first trial and there was a substantial

positive link between hours of sleep and final exam result. Students were

shown the results of the first study in the second study the following semester

(Zhang et al., 2019).

Based on students' self-reported sleep the detrimental effect of sleep

deprivation the night before a final test had on exam scores in a previous

class appeared to have changed students' sleep choices the night before their

own final exam. When students saw proof that staying up all night studying

was beneficial, they became more motivated to do so (Coletta, 2020).

Environmental Factors

In the text of Peltz & Rogge, 2016, Noise disturbances and

emotionally-related sleep hygiene practices were found to be associated with

higher depressive symptoms in students who lived with or without roommates.

Students living alone demonstrated an inverse association between noise

disturbance and depressive symptoms, and those living with roommates

showed a positive relationship.

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Synthesis of Related Study

The relevant literature demonstrates the home learning support and

reading performance during modular distance learning. The studies cited the

critical function of home in today's educational environment. During the

process the researcher categorized technology use, independent learning

practice, and environmental factor.

Adolescents who use technology, spend more time on electronic

activities like social media, television, web surfing, and even gaming, and the

more time they spend on these activities, the less sleep they get at night.

Unfortunately, using electronic devices at night can interfere with both the

quantity and quality of sleep. It tends to delay the time when you actually go to

sleep it reduces sleep duration. Technology affects the brain, stimulating your

mind and making it harder to fall asleep. Sound and blinking lights can cause

unwanted awakenings when sleeping next to electronics devices, even if you

put cellphone or other devices into silent mode, having them in the bedroom

creates the temptation to look at them if you wake up during the night,

potentially thwarting your ability to fall back asleep.Given how ingrained the

technology is in modern society, creating technology-free spaces may feel like

daunting task. But severa straightforward help you get used to a new

bedroom environment that’s more conducive to sleep.

Sleep behavior include independent learning practices in which

students fall asleep and cram for exams due to a lack of sleep quality. One of

the factors influencing is noise disturbance; they are not getting a good night's

sleep because of the noise in their surroundings. Reduced overnight sleep or

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altered sleep patterns has been associated with severe drowsiness and

failure in academic success (Chada et al., 2007) it means that the more you

abuses you sleeping patterns the more you reduces the risk to failed.

Students really do better when they sleep. Sleeping poorly(or not at all) leads

to poorer ability to learn new things. In fact, an all nighter hurts your ability to

think, reason and understand the same degree as if you were taking the test.

Poor sleep habits, irregular bedtime, frequent nap, late night activities , or

weekend sleeping can scramble your body’s normal sleep/wake schedules.

The ability to concentrate is vital to learning and academic achievement, but

insufficient sleep reduces attention and focus.

Environmental stressors like noise are known to have negative

psychological and physiological impacts. On secondhand noise is a significant

public health issue with a similar size to secondhand smoke (Tompkin,

2020).The literature generally affirms the link between disturbed sleep and

increased noise. Similar to this (Büyükylmaz et al., 2019), reported that noise

reduced the caliber of Turkish patients' inpatient sleep. In a study with medical

students, Beyhun and colleagues ranked noise as one of the worst

environmental risks. In a study by Cnar and colleagues, students ranked

noise as the environmental risk factor that posed the least damage to their

health.

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and

analyze information about a topic are referred to as research methodology.

The methodology section assesses the study's overall validity and reliability.

The researcher hopes that the data gathered from the questionnaire will be

clearly analyzed, providing a significant and reliable answer to the reasons

leading to late sleeping habits and effect on academic performance of

education students.

Research Design

It is a thorough description of what will occur. The way data will be

collected, the equipment that will be used, and the motivation for data analysis

are all part of a research design. Descriptive Research Design and utilized the

Quantitative Method. The descriptive design aimed to describe a fact or a

phenomenon and the characteristics of the population or area of interest

(Dulock, 1963) and (Nassaji, 2015).

The researcher collects and analyze data in quantitative approach using

survey online form wherein each of respondents has an equal probability to

be chosen.

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Research Locale

This research was carried out at Laguna State Polytechnic University

Lopez Satellite Campus in Brgy. Hondagua, Lopez Quezon. The study uses

this as a location because it is easy to conduct and determine, researcher

concerned with student health and could be a means to encourage them to be

healthy and avoid unhealthy behaviors.

Respondents

The population in this research includes the BEED 1st-4th year

students at Laguna State Polytechnic University- Lopez Satellite Campus

consists of 80 students. The upshot of this study is to conduct data about the

reasons leading to late sleeping habits and how it's effect on the academic

performance of the students.

The researcher will be using random sampling, the function of random

sampling is to choose individuals who became sample who will be

representative of the population (Creswell, 2012).

Research Instrument

In this study, the researcher used a survey questionnaire using online

google form to gather data. The survey questionnaire consists of 15 questions,

5 for each indicator, namely technology use, independent learning practice

and environmental factors. It is interpreted using scale, 4 points, Always (A),

3 point on Sometimes (S); 2 points, Rarely (R), and 1 point, Never (N).
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The main type of research instrument in this study was a descriptive

survey questionnaire which was prepared by the researcher and used in

gathering data. The questionnaire has 4 points which are, 4 points, Always (S),

3 points, Sometimes (S); 2 Rarely (R); and 1 point for Never (N).

The second part of research instrument is focused on the reasons

leading to late sleeping habits affecting academic performance of the students

which is five (5) the total of (15) items in the survey questionnaire.

To validate the researcher requested the expertise of experts in the

field. Their suggestions and comments will be considered.

Data Gathering Procedure

A series of processes have been undergone before the instruments

are ready to be administered by school to administered the students. The

phases of the data gathering procedure were: preparing the research

instrument; validating the instruments; asking for approval from the concerned

authority, and administering the research instrument. After the researcher

prepared the instrument, a validation process took place before any data is

collected from the survey and assessment of the reasons leading to late

sleeping habits. The research instrument has undergone a content (face)

validation process. Then, the researcher asked for the approval of the

concerned personnel after the research instrument is validated. After three

phases, the administration of the research instruments has been conducted.

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Data Analysis

Weighted mean helps to find the average of the result of different

study (Carter, 2010). The researcher used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to

determine the significance difference among the identified reasons that affect

the academic performance of education students of LSPU Lopez Campus.

Research Ethics

The ethical standards were in place for the entire duration of the study.

The researcher adhered to academic integrity standards to avoid academic

dishonesty compromising the completion of this study. The researcher

obtained the permission of the concerned personnel to collect data for the

purpose of the study, and the personal information of the respondents was

treated confidentially. The Republic Act No. 10173, also known as the Data

Privacy Act, has been followed for the data from students; treated

confidentially, and for the sole purpose of completing this study.

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered, the result of the statistical

analysis done and interpretation of the findings. It is presented using tables in

the following sequence of the specific research problem regarding to the

reasons leading to late sleeping habits and its effect on academic

performance of education students of LSPU Lopez Campus.

The research use to compared the weighted mean of the students in

terms of their technology use, independent learning practice and

environmental factors.

Reasons Leading to Late Sleeping Habits and Its effect on Academic

Performance of Education Students of LSPU - LSC

Sleep is one of the inevitable daily-living activities and it is one of the

most important factors contributing to health. Their ability to sleep well might

be hampered by bad sleep habits such an erratic sleep pattern and excessive

caffeine or alcohol consumption. Smoking and regular coffee drinking were

two of the main risk factors for poor sleep quality in a study of nursing

students.

Table 1. Technology Use

Statements Mean Verbal Rank
Score Interpretation
1. use of electronic devices 3.28 S 3

2. terrible internet 3.19 S 5

connections makes
difficulty accomplishing
the task and lead to lack
of sleeping patterns
3. spending time on playing 3.43 S 1
mobile/ computer games
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4. doing other things rather 3.25 S 4

than academic works that
leads to time delay
5. difficulty accomplishing 3.41 S 2
task on phones
Average Weighted Mean 3.31 Sometimes (A)

Legend: Never (N) = 1.00-1.49 Rarely (R) = 1.50-2.49; Sometimes (S) = 2.50-3.49; Always (A) = 3.50-4.00

Table 1 presents the reasons leading to late sleeping habits in terms of

technology use.

It can be seen from table 1 that statement no. 3, "Spending much of the

time at night playing mobile or computer games that leads to the time delay",

got the highest rank of 1 with the mean score of 3.43, interpreted as

Sometimes. The result means playing mobile or computer games much of the

time at night can cause lack of sleep which is that was one of the reasons

leading to late sleeping habits. Rank 2 is the statement no. 5 "Difficulty

accomplishing requirements on the mobile phones or computer that causes

time delay and may lead to lack of sleeping habits", with a mean score of 3.41,

interpreted as Sometimes. Rank 3 is statement no. 1 "I use electronic devices

more often doing my homework," with a mean score of 3.28, interpreted as

Sometimes. Rank 4 is statement no. 4 "Doing Multitasking when doing

academic requirements that leads to the delay of accomplishing the

task/activity" with a mean score of 3.25, interpreted as

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Sometimes. Rank 5 is Item no. 2 "Due to terrible internet connection

makes difficulty on accomplishing school works and may lead to loss sleeping

pattern” with a mean score of 3.19, interpreted as Sometimes.

The average mean scores of 3.31 is interpreted as Sometimes. The

highest rank got a mean score of 3.43 which is Item no. 3, " Spending much of

the time at night playing mobile or computer games that leads to the time

delay”, The result is similar to the study of (Hassan et al., 2012) those who

abuse the internet due to their engagement with gaming, gamer are also

willing to forgo sleep.

Table 2. Independent Learning Practice

Statements Mean Verbal Rank

Score Interpretation
1. cramming in accomplishing 3.05 S 5
requirements
2. struggling to perform 3.31 S 4
actively in class
3. staying up late at night will 3.12 S 4
harm concentration in class
4. difficulty to process lesson 3.51 A 1
because of feeling sleepy
6. difficulty to recall previous 3.38 S 2
lessons
Average Weighted Mean 3.27 Sometimes (S)

Legend: Never (N) = 1.00-1.49 Rarely (R) = 1.50-2.49; Sometimes (S) = 2.50-3.49; Always (A) = 3.50-4.00

Table 2 present the Independent Learning Practice.

The statement no. 4, " Difficulty to think or process lessons during the

class because of feeling sleepy “got the highest rank of 1 with a mean score

of 3.51, interpreted as Always. Based on the result the learners cannot think

and process lessons because of their lack of sleep. Rank 2 is the statement

x
 22

no. 5 "Having a lack of sleep can find difficult to recall previous

lessons.”, with a mean score of 3.36, interpreted as Sometimes. Rank 3 is

statement no. 2 "Struggling to perform actively in class because of lack of

enough sleep “, with a mean score of 3.31, interpreted as Sometimes. Rank 4

is statement no. 3, " Staying up for extended period of time will harm their

concentration on the class”, with a mean score of 3.15 interpreted as

Sometimes. Rank 5 is statement no. "Cramming in accomplishing

requirements due to late night sleeping” with a mean score of 3.05,

interpreted as Sometimes.

The average mean scores of 3.27 is interpreted as Sometimes. The

highest rank got a mean score of 3.51 which is statement no. 4, "Difficulty to

think or process lessons during the class because of feeling sleepy”, The

result is similar to the study of Hershner and Chervin, according to them

College students are particularly affected by the negative effects of sleep

deprivation and daytime sleepiness, which can lower grade point averages,

raise the chance of academic failure, undermine learning, impair mood, and

increase the risk of car accidents.

Independent Learning Practice is high and clear based on the results on how

they are affected by late night sleeping habits. This result will become more

helpful in giving the particular activities that will maintain their healthy sleeping

habits and good practice.

x
 23

Table 3 presents the result of Environmental Factors of 1st-4th year

Education Students at Laguna State Polytechnic University Lopez Campus.

Table 3. Environmental Factors

Statements Mean Verbal Rank

Score Interpretation
1. intrusive noise 3.35 S 1

2. intrusive lights 2.96 R 4

3. high temperature of 3.03 S 3

bedroom
4. low temperature of 3.21 S 2
bedroom
5. poor bedroom surface 2.08 S 5

Average Weighted Mean 2.93 Sometimes (S)

Legend: Never (N) = 1.00-1.49 Rarely (R) = 1.50-2.49; Sometimes (S) = 2.50-3.49; Always (A) = 3.50-4.00

Table 3 present the Environmental Factors.

The statement no. 1, "Find it hard to fall asleep because of the

intrusive noise”, got the highest rank of 1 with a mean score of 3.35,

interpreted as Sometimes. Based on the result the learners usually don't find

enough of sleep because of the intrusive noise coming from different areas.

Rank 2 is the statement no. 5 "Law temperature of the room can cause lack of

sleep", with a mean score of 3.21, interpreted as Sometimes. Rank 3 is

statement no. 3 “Having a high temperature of the room can cause lack of

sleep." with a mean score of 3.03, interpreted as Rarely. Rank 4 is statement

no. 2, "Intrusive lights can also cause lack of sleep” with a mean score of 2.96,

interpreted as Sometimes. Rank 5 is statement no. 5 “Find it hard to fall

asleep because of the poor bedroom surface”, with a mean score of 2.08,

interpreted as Sometimes. The result was similar to the article of world sleep
x
 25

day Environmental conditions, such as temperature, noise, light, bed

comfort and electronic distractions, play a significant role in one’s ability to get

proper sleep and, subsequently, in overall sleep-related wellness.

Environmental factors can also cause late night sleeping habits which

is resulted as of 2.93 total mean and interpreted as Sometimes. This is similar

to th article of Environmental Sleep Factor, temperature, noise, light, comfort

in the bed, and electronic distractions all play a significant role in one's ability

to get a good night's sleep and, consequently, in their overall health related to

sleep. Put the lights out. Darkening your room signals to your body that it's

time to go to sleep. The result become more reliable and helpful to make a

step to prevent this matter.

Summary of Reasons Leading to Late Sleeping Habits and its Effect on

Academic Study of Education Students of Laguna State Polytechnique
Univesity, Lopez Satellite Campus

Statements Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. Techonlogy Use 3.31 S 1
2. Independent Learning 3.27 S 2
Practice
3. Environmental Factors 2.93 S 3
Average Weighted Mean 3.17 Sometimes (S)
Legend: Never (N) = 1.00-1.49 Rarely (R) = 1.50-2.49; Sometimes (S) = 2.50-3.49; Always (A) = 3.50-4.00

Table 4 presents the summary of reasons leading to late sleeping

habits and its effect on academic study of education students of LSPU-LSC.

Showing that technology use got the highest rank with the mean score

of 3.31, interpreted as Sometimes. The result means that among the reasons

leading to late sleeping habit most of respondent extremely use gadget rather
 25

than doing this school works that affect their study. It followed by Independent

Learning Practices with the mean score of 3.27 interpreted as Sometimes.

The result means that some of the students are affected by their independent

learning practice such as cramming, lost of focus because of late sleeping

habit that result to time delay. The lowest rank is Environmental Factors with

the mean score of 2.93, interpreted as Sometimes. The result means that

environmental factors such as bedroom temperature, noise and bed surface

does not much affect students sleeping habits and academic performance.

Therefore, Technology use have big impact on students sleeping habits.

Every time the students use gadget, the more chances of academic failure

and poor sleeping habits. According to Sleep Foundation the amount of time

you spend is typically shorter when you use electronic devices. The brain is

impacted by technology which stimulates the mind and makes it difficult to go

sleep. Sleeping close to technology might result in unwelcome awakenings

from sounds and blink of lights. It will change also their behavior to become

more irresponsible. Students may not value their study when they spend too

much of their time on technology. Through this type of behaviour, the

reliability and performance of the students will be affected.

By using technology instead of studying for their assignment, students

would squander time (Keenthika, 2017). Student who spend in front of their

electronic devices are more likely to be prone for health effects and learning

problems. This data demonstrates the evident need for policy to decrease

daytime exhaustion, laziness and health issues that the students might get

when they extremely using electronic devices. The research examined has
 27

aided in raising awareness of the issues and concerns and offers suggestion

or tips to prevent and how effectively utilize the technology without any hamful

effect that may caused of it.

Significant Differences Between the Identified Reasons of Late Sleeping

Habits and its Effect on Academic Study of Education Students of LSPU
Lopez Campus
Table 5 presents the result of the ANOVA or Analysis of Varaince on the

variables of the reasons leading to late sleeping habits and its effect on

academic study.

Table 5 ANOVA or Analysis of Variance on each indicators of the

reasons leading to late sleeping habits

Statements Sum of Df MS F F
Square ratio Crit
1. Techonlogy Use 0.45 2 2.30
0.22
2. Independent Learning 1.17 12 3.89
Practice
0.10
3. Environmental Factors 14 3
Total 1.62

Table 5 revealed the result of the test, 2.30 is less than 3.89, so we need to

Accept Null hypothesis. When we accept null hypothesis, meaning there is

no significant differences between the two variables and we interpret that as

not significant.

Table 6. The intervention or program support was crafted out of the

analyzed data by addresses the late sleeping habits encountered by the
education students of LSPU-LSC
Sleep Promotion Program for Improving Sleep Behaviors in Adolescents
(SPPISBA)
 27

Objectives In-charge Strategies and Success

Techniques Indicators

Addresses the School The School 100%

issues when it Administrations Administration participation of
comes to sleeping and Teachers and Teacher school
patterns. should find a way administration,
to fund and teacher and
provide a student.
program that
offers tips on
sleeping hygiene
and patterns.

Table 6 the researcher analyzed the data to determine the different

difficulties that the students encounter in this study before conducting this kind

of program or intervention.

This study concludes that the main problem of students is sleeping

patterns. Therefore, the school administration and teacher should find a way

to fund and provide a program that offers tips on sleeping hygiene and

patterns, do that the student can still attend and actively participating in class

despite of those hydrances. This kind of program will lessen their worries and

difficulties regards to their sleeping. It will give a student a chance to join with

lot of energy even when they are lack of sleep, it will make a students become

more motivated to continue their studies.

Table 7. The intervention support was crafted out of the analyzed data to
address the late sleeping habits encountered by the education students
of LSPU-LSC.
Promoting Self-Discipline and Limitation (PSL)
 28

Objectives In-charge Strategies and Success

Techniques Indicators

Advising the School The School 100%

student to have Administrations Administration participation of
self-discipline and and Teachers and Teacher school
limitation. should coordinate administration,
with the parents teacher, student
of the students to and parents.
advising each of
them to guide
their child.

Table 7 the researcher analyzed the data to determine the different

difficulties that regards on students sleeping habit in terms of the Independent

Learning Practice before conducting this study.

This concluded that cramming is one of the problem of the students.

The school administration and teachers should coordinate with the parents of

the students to advising each of them. This intervention can make every

student to be discipline so they will learned and realized that time is matters a

lot.
 29

Intervention Program in Improving Sleeping Patterns

I. PROPOSAL INFORMATION

Title of the Activity SPPISBA (Sleep Promotion Program for Improving Sleep Behaviors in
Adolescents
Activity Type Sleep Improvement Program
Participants 1 Students of LSPU-LSC
2 Administration and staff
Locale/ Platform LSPU-LSC, online kumustahan
Proponent/s 1 Kaye Angelie B. Romey
(In-Charge, Lead)
Materials Reading Material Tips

II. PROGRAM/ ACTIVITY DETAILS

Introduction/ SPPISBA is a research-based intervention program designed to improve the

Rationale sleeping patterns of students of LSPU-LSC. This program can greatly enhace the
students self-efficacy and behavior in sleeping.
Activity Objectives 1. Improve the sleeping patterns of the students..
2. Promote self-efficacy and can still attend actively participating in class.
3. Gives a students a chance to join with lot of energy even when they are
lack of sleep.
Methodologies 1. LSPU-LSC will be the focus of the program.
2. Reading materials will be asked from the program locale.
3. The program will be in action based on the availability of the volunteer
listeners.
Expected Outputs Improved students sleeping habits
 30

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDI NGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary and conclusion derived in the

conduct of the study which is the reasons leading to late sleeping habits and

its effect on the academic performance of education students of Laguna State

Polytechnic University Lopez Satellite Campus. It also provides

recommendation that can be pursued by the students and even for the

administration.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Based on the specific questions under the statement of the problem, the

analysis of the data led to the following findings:

1. Technology Use acquired 3.31 average weighted mean interpreted as

Sometimes. Wherein they are more often to play mobile or computer

games rather than doing their activity so that they also can't sleep rank

as 1, while item no.2 they also have a terrible internet connection which

is they can't go early to bed and have troubled accomplishing task.

2. Independent Learning Practice acquired 3.36 interpreted as Sometimes.

The students cannot think or process lessons because of lack of sleep

rank as 1, while item no. 1 they also cram for accomplishing task due to

late night sleeping.

3. Environmental Factors acquired 3.12 interpreted as Sometimes. The

learners find it hard to fall asleep because of the intrusive noise produce

by the surroundings.
 31

4. In the revealed results 2.30 is less than 3.89, meaning there is no

significant relationship between the two variables and we interpret that

as not significant.

5. Behaviors in Adolescents (SPPISBA) this intervention or program is

prioritizing the learners sleeping habits and issues that affect their

academic study. The school administration and teachers will conduct a

program that offer tips on sleep hygiene and patterns.

6. The second intervention that the researcher integrates is Promoting

Self-Discipline and Limitation ( PSL) where the school administration

and teachers will coordinate with the parents of the student regarding to

their sleeping patterns by conducting online kumustahan where the

teacher and parents settling a plan for the goodness and sake of their

child's health and academic success. Even when they are grown

enough and know their limitation a guidance from their parents will

matters a lot.
 32

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings, the following conclusion were drawn:

The students became more often using electronic devices rather than

doing homework, intrusive noise can also affect their sleep pattern and that is

why they can't easily think or process lessons during class. In the results

result that 2.30 is less than 3.89, meaning there is no significant relationship

between the two variables and we interpret that as not significant. Out of the

findings presented the lowest indicator in terms of the reasons leading to late

sleeping habits and its effect on the academic performance. The researcher

provided a support program that addresses sleep habits.

RECOMMENDATIONS

This study revealed the learning interaction of students at LSPU-LSC.

Thus, the following recommendations are hereby presented.

1. The students should practice self-efficacy so they can be able to

manage themselves and needs.

2. The researcher recommended that the future researcher will

considered that other than academic success learners should earned

healthy environment.

3. The students must attend some programs that gives tips by crafting

ideas to help managing sleeping habits.

4. Making a small change on their daily routine can help them.

 33

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Andersson, A., Hatakka M., Grönlun A. & Wiklund M. (2013)

Reclaiming the students – coping with social media in 1:1 school 3752
https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2012.756518

Coletta, V. (2020) To Study or to Sleep: How Seeing the Effect Sleep

Deprivation Changed Students' Choices, v58 n4 p244-246
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1252095

Johnson D., PhD, MPH, MS, MSW, Martha E. Billings, MD, MSc, and
Lauren Hale, PhD, (2019): Environmental Determinants of Insufficient
Sleep and Sleep Disorders: Implications for Population Health
Doi: 10.1007/s40471-018-0139-y

Dante P., PhD, Jeff H. Duyn, PhD, and Silvina G. Horovitz, PhD Sleep
and the Functional Connectome
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Hettiarachchi, H.,(2014) Impact of social networking on academic

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_Networking_on_Academic_Engagement_and_Performance_A_Literat
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Peltz J., PhD, Rogge R., PhD, (2016), The indirect effects of
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Ranasinghe, R., Priya V. (2018), Awareness of effects of Sleep
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015-9440-2
Appendices

Appendix A: Communication Tools

Appendix B: Data Gathering Tools

PART I: Reasons leading to late Sleeping Habits and Its Effect on the
Academic Study of Education Students of LSPU-LSC

Direction: Kindly put a check to the option that corresponds to your answer.
Rate each of the following items regarding the extent of support as your
source information.
Scale: 4: Always (A)
3 : Sometimes(S)
2: Rarely (R)
1: Never (N)

Statement 4 3 2 1
A S R N
A. Technology Use
1. I used electronic devices more often doing
homework.
2. Due to terrible internet connection I have
difficulty accomplishing the task.
3. I spend much of the time at night playing
mobile games that leads to the time delay.
4. I do multi-tasking when doing academic
requirements that leads to the delay task.
5. I have difficulty accomplishing requirements
on the mobile phones.
B. Independent Learning Practice
1. I cram for accomplishing requirements due
to late night sleeping.
2. I struggle to participate actively in class
because of lack of enough sleep.
3. I Stayed for extended period of time that can
harm my concentration on the class.
4. I have difficulty to think or process lessons
during the class because of feeling sleepy.
5. Having lack of sleep can find difficult to recall
previous lessons.
C. Environmental Factors
1. I find it hard to fall asleep because of the
intrusive noise.
2. An intrusive lights can also affects my
sleeping pattern.
3. A high temperature in my room can cause
my sleeping pattern
4. A low temperature of in my room can cause
my sleeping pattern.
5. I find it hard to fall asleep because of the
poo bedroom surface.