BERNADINA KASAN RESEARCH CAHAPTER 1 2 Revised Spacing
BERNADINA KASAN RESEARCH CAHAPTER 1 2 Revised Spacing
BERNADINA KASAN RESEARCH CAHAPTER 1 2 Revised Spacing
COLLEGES
A Thesis
BERNADINA M. KASAN
DECEMBER 2023
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Disaster preparedness is a crucial aspect of ensuring the safety and well-
man-made disasters. Being prepared can mitigate the impact of disasters and
potential disasters, the goal is to minimize the impact on lives, property, and the
Philippines, where most of the provinces are susceptible to both natural and
their specific needs and enhance their ability to respond effectively during an
earthquake preparedness a vital concern for its citizens. Earthquakes are one of
the most devastating and frightening natural disasters a person can experience.
They happen without warning in areas all around the world. Earthquakes can
cause major damage and fatalities in populated areas, but the earthquake itself is
not always to blame. Other natural disasters can be caused by earthquakes and
these can be equally, and sometimes more, destructive. June 25, 2018 By
Michele Cooper.
third out of 173 countries in terms of vulnerability to disaster risk (United Nations
University- Institute for Environment and Human Security, 2011). Disaster risk is
existing natural hazard. (Tuladhar, Yatabe, Dahal, & Bhandary, 2015). Hence,
identify, assess and reduce disaster risk (Onstada et al., 2012) and avert the
process. The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience
blueprint for disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts. Further, it plays an integral
part in managing disasters by reinforcing the capacities of communities towards
This study aims to fill a gap in existing knowledge by providing empirical data
at RMMC. This data can inform the development of targeted interventions, such
students at RMMC, this study seeks to contribute valuable knowledge that can
Research Objectives
Colleges.
criminology students
understand the essential background of this study. In view thereof, other similar
studies and researches are likewise included because their bearing to the study
provide sufficient information that will help contribute to the justification of this
study.
Disaster Preparedness
[COA] Report 2014). Its rehabilitation and recovery effort in the past has been the
Iloilo City, the regional center of business and government is the 5th most
populated highly urbanized city outside the capital Manila. In 2017, it posted a
several reasons. First, it can be assessed against observed climate data to see if
Additionally, non-formal education, like disaster trainings and drills, are also
climate change and disaster preparedness literature, the potential direct linkages
climate change and disaster risk was positively associated with self-efficacy,
capacity, while distress, risk perception, and dconcern were found to have a
Generally, the people with high seismic risk perception and a prior
eruptions due to its archipelago located in the Pacific Ring of Fire (Blanco,
tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, and super
the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management act of 2010 (DRRM Act)
to promote this activity preparedness in the school curriculums and any other
school programs, and to boost the level of resiliency of the students toward
natural disasters. The City Government of Davao established the Central 911 on
2004 in performing the mitigation process needed for the city. They built 911
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of Tarlac City, its disaster risk
The author of the said study also stated that the CDRRMO has a hazard map
of the City Government are aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction, and is evident in the list of programs and projects in their action plans.
Another study by Hoffmann & Muttarak (2017) shows the Education and
Philippines and Thailand. On the contrary, the edge of this study regarding
disaster preparedness despite the existing studies is that this research highlights
the evaluation and assessment of what the STEM students have learned and
how they could contribute on the mitigation process while being prepared from
the disasters.
affected people to manage its impact. Numerous people are exposed to natural
Thus, this is a strong indication of the urgency and prioritization needed for this
This literature review will explore the dominant discourse surrounding the two
main categories that make up disaster risk, based on the World Risk Report’s
until that moment: regional solidarity, support from neighbouring Regions and
then the support from the National level. Prevention activities had not been
enhanced other than the “traditional” ones such as the evacuation centres and
the activities that the Filipino population had been developing previously…so
there was already a way and a road to follow, at least documentation wise.
Nevertheless, local governments are understaffed (Alcayna et al., 2016) and lack
As a result, all the DRR community based activities that are being developed
and have been identified in previous studies (Alcayna et al., 2016) of the full
disaster response cycles have identified important gaps, both at research and
practical levels
The enactment of the RA 10212 (Brassard et al., 2015) created the basis for a
shift in the approach, coming from a disaster preparedness and response to the
The international response produced a big influx of resources into the country
as well as a “reality check” for the Filipino authorities. In many cases, Local
Governments and Local NGOs were not aware of the cluster system for
coordination of resources and not understand the how and where to request their
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the following theories by The Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB).
community or society to cope using its own resources”. Although the categories
and causes of disasters may differ, their impacts are common; therefore, a
are available before a disaster, or they can be obtained promptly when needed.
kit, and other activities that reduce risk or injury and damage. Actually, disaster
taken center stage as a means of it. Even though hundreds of thousands of lives
were affected without warning by disasters yearly, most people do not concern
child is active, curious, and eager to learn. He thought that children needed to
engage with others and work independently as well as cooperatively with their
classmates and adults. Dewey’s experiential learning pedagogy (that is, learning
the person and the group in the context of their learning settings (derived from a
Inquiry-based teaching and learning are more vital than ever as a learning
process and a subject for learning to learn. Inquiry-based teaching and learning
originated in the 1960s, during the so-called "me generation," and drew
Vygotsky (1997), who saw the use of individual experience and the construction
gives students more influence over how they acquire a knowledge foundation.
the learners progress, questions or difficulties are provided to them, and they
must find their own solutions. A topic is provided in the third and final stage, and
learners find questions, issues, approaches, and answers as the teacher guides
Children's cognitive development involves more than just learning; they also
need to create or refine a mental model of the world around them. The
pedagogical growth of blended learning began with the behaviorist, cognitive and
which are regarded as the learning theory of the current digital age. Piaget saw
opinion, lead to universal ways of viewing the world. This knowledge evolves as
thought grows through numerous phases from infancy to adulthood. Piaget's idea
was the first important theory of cognitive development, and it resulted in the first
Perceived severity: Their perception of the seriousness and potential harm of the
preparedness).
Developed by Icek Ajzen, TPB proposes that individuals' intentions are the
individuals:
management strategies, ensuring the safety of its entire student population in the
The Teachers. The findings of this study may assist them in decision-making
disaster. This would serve as their foundation for determining what appropriate
intervention they would provide to improve students’ performance in the subject,
The Parents. This study will give them a better understanding and
perspective on the possible intervention that will be provided. Thus, this could
Students can share their knowledge and skills with peers, family members, and
in the study and engaging with educational materials, students will gain valuable
empowering them to take proactive steps to protect themselves and their loved
ones.
The Future Researcher. This study will add to the growing body of
information in the field of educational research. The result of the study will serve
as a guide for other researchers who would like to embark or conduct a study
related to this.
Definition of Terms
sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. This energy is typically caused by
the movement of tectonic plates, which are large slabs of rock that make up the
Earth's crust. Earthquakes can range in intensity from barely noticeable tremors
Chapter 2
METHOD
study. It includes the research design, research locale, population and sample,
research instrument, data collection and statistical tools used for an accurate
data interpretation.
Research Design
collects data through observation. The method of research is concerned with the
on. Survey research is the most often utilized method across all disciplines.
them as they are in nature. A survey study includes gathering information about
2020)
Research Locale
Colleges located in Pioneer Avenue, Corner Roxas Avenue General Santos City.
and it is also an ISO Certified school. The college offers a range of two-year
It is also one of the schools in the Philippines that cater to the K-12 Senior High
Level. This K-12 program offers different strands such as Science, Technology,
II, Dress Making NC II, Electrical Servicing NC I & NC II, Security Servicing NC II,
Drafting NC II, Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I, Front Desk NC II, and
Driving NC II.
Figure 1. Locale of the Study
The research respondents were the 114 first-year college students in the
Male 100 47
Female 114 53
Research Instrument
The survey questionnaire was the major instrument used in conducting the
(Hafiszudin 2015; Lu, 2021) about the level of earthquake disaster preparedness
which used in this study. It was a questionnaire that formulated by the researcher
and validated by the research experts. It was to secure the relativity of the
the questions by checking the box based on their chosen scale. Below is the
Scale Description
4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
Data Collection
organize procedures in gathering data. The researcher wrote a letter and formally
asked the permission of the school to conduct a survey about the level of
by the researcher after participants had finished them. Participants assured that
the investigation conducted solely for the purpose of academic research and did
not affect their assessment in any way so that they could respond to the
semester to all First year students taking the Criminology course. The collected
data was tabulated and statistically analyzed using descriptive survey and
weighted arithmetic mean as the statistical tools. Hence, the results that were
Statistical Tools
Ʃ(w . x)
x=
Ʃw
inform the ongoing development of this and other learning courses. Participation
progress in this course. Therefore, there was an ethical consideration that has
distinct implications for this quantitative research. These issues and concerns
came out basically from the methodology that was involved in this study. This
study followed the standards of the RMMC Ethics and Review Committee for the
data.
benefit loss. Therefore, when the goal and advantages of the study were
demonstrated to them their rights to offer the body of the participants’ knowledge
will be carefully measured and foresighted upon. In this research, the participants
will not compel to participate in the study. They were free to leave their
involvement when they are uncomfortable throughout the study's execution. She
had undergone series of revisions for her thesis based on the suggestions and
recommendations made by her adviser who had guided the researcher all
throughout for the completion of this paper. The refinement of the paper had