Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.

Masiag, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat

Government Recognition (R-XII) No. SK 405761-040, s. 2021
DepEd ID: 405761 ESC ID: 1201693
TIN: 000-578-187 (Non VAT)

LEARNING PLAN
S. Y. 2023-2024
SUBJECT: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World QUARTER:SECOND
GRADE LEVEL: 11 WEEK:1

TOPIC:
LESSON 1: The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21 st century Philippine literature
from the regions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21 st Century Philippine literature from the
regions through:
1. a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and theme, with a description
of its context derived from research; and
2. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The students will be able to:
1.identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from pre-colonial to the contemporary
2. classify each literary genre according to its era
3. identify the purpose of each text
4. write a poem through mobile text –‘tula’
5. summarize the significance of each period in Philippine literature

INTRODUCTION

21st Century Philippine literature is an important part of the curriculum amongst

young Filipinos like you who can mirror yourselves through the works of the modern-day
writers. Thus, being inspired and being aware of the new ideas and being open to new
perspectives in life.

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY

.PROCEDURE
A. MOTIVATION
Sonnet 1
Jose Garcia Villa

First, a poem must be magical, Then musical as a sea-gull.

It must be a brightness moving And hold secret a bird's flowering. It must be slender as a bell, And it must
hold fire as well. It must have the wisdom of bows And it must kneel like a rose.
It must be able to hear
The luminance of dove and deer. It must be able to hide What it seeks, like a bride.
And over all I would like to hover
God, smiling from the poem's cover

Asking Question:
1. How did you feel upon reading the poem?
2. What is he effect of the rhyming words?
3. What is the poet trying to tell us?
B. ANALYSIS
Let the students answer the following activities.
Activity 3: IDENTIFY ME
LITERARY FORMS OF LITERATURE
ERA LITERARY FORMS DIFFERENT FORM/EXAMPLES
FOLK SPEECHES  Tigmo in Cebuano
 Bugtong in Tagalog
 Burbutia in Ilokano
 Paktakon in Ilongo and
patototdon in Bicol
SONG OR AWIT ⮚ Uyayi or hele is a lullaby of putting
a child to sleep
⮚ Soliranin is a song for travelers
⮚ Kumintang is a war song
⮚ Maluway is for collective behavior
⮚ Kundiman for melancholic love
song
⮚ Panambitan is a courtship song
⮚ Pamanhikan is a song of a would-
be bridegroom
⮚ Subli is a dance ritual song of
courtship & marriage
⮚ Dallot & duayya are Ilocano love
songs
⮚ Dung-aw is a wake or dirge song

C. ABSTRACTION
What are the significant events in Philippine Literature?
The historical events in our country played a significant role that facilitated the evolution of the 21st-century
literature in the Philippines. We can experience a better appreciation of how Philippine literature has developed through a
better understanding of our country’s culture, traditions, and history that have shaped and have awakened the sense of
pride of being nationalistic of the present-day writers, artists, and journalists.

1. Pre Colonial Times o The pre-colonial inhabitants were able to showcase the rich culture of Filipinos through
oral performance of folk songs, folk narratives, folk and speeches were reflection of the early life of the
Filipinos.
o The earliest forms of literature were written in our system of writing which is baybayin, consisting of 3
vowels and 14 consonants.
 o Ancient ethnic rituals and dances established Filipinos’ strong connection with its neighboring countries
such as China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Arabia through trading.

2. Spanish Colonial Period o The Spanish conquistadors used the Roman alphabet to replace Alibata, the first
Filipino alphabet in recording the oral forms of literature of our early inhabitants.
o Oral traditions such as epics, proverbs, riddles, and songs were the oral form of literature still
flourished at that time and were collected colonial power is inaccessible.
o The conversion of Filipinos to Christianity was a great influence in the lives of the people and
religious themes dominated our literature.
o The literary works during this time were imitative of the Spanish theme, forms, and traditions.
o Some Spanish words were lent in our language when the Spanish language became the literary
language.

3. American Colonial Period o The introduction of free public education for children of school age was
introduced.
o Usage of English as a medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools was
implemented.
o New forms of literature such as free verse in poetry, critical essay, and modern short story were
discovered during this era.
o Philippine literature prospered in English at the same time Filipino literary writers were faced with the
introduction of New Aesthetics but "indirectly engendered a disparaging attitude" towards vernacular
writing and sometimes sacrificing their social consciousness.

4. Post-war and Contemporary Period o Philippine literature continued to flourish through the use of various
languages particularly with the rise of the new publication after the Martial Law years.
o There was a rebirth of devoted literature in the 1960s and 1970s wherein writers continued to write
poetry, short stories, novels, and essays.
o Literary awards emerged such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the
Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life, and Panorama literary awards to recognize
the works of the Filipino writers.
o The usual themes of contemporary writers in the 21 st century are identity, history, memory, and
technology. Different approaches are employed by the writers in exploring different themes such as
love, sex, family, and religion. With easier access to technology, writers become socially aware and
use digital platforms in expressing themselves in this age of technology.

Activity 4.Read the following lines and write the genre of Philippine literature in Pre-colonial times on the first line
then the purpose of each on the second line.
GENRE: Proverb Uyayi Riddle Folk song Tanaga

PURPOSE: To entertain To preserve culture To teach a lesson

Nang hatakin ko ang baging, nagkagulo ang mga matsing.

_____________1.
(When I tugged on the vine, the monkeys went crazy.)
_____________
_____________2 Ang naglalakad nang matulin, pag natinik ay malalim.
(A person who walks fast will have a deeper wound when he is pricked.)
______________
____________3. Matulog ka na, bunso
Sleep now, youngest one
Ang ina mo ay malayo ______________
Your mother is far away at
hindi ka masundo and she
can’t come for you
May putik, may balaho There’s
mud, there’s a swamp
Kakatibay ka tulos
______________4. You may stand sturdy
Sakaling datnan ng agos
_________________ But when the water flow
Ako’y mumunting lumot
I, the humble moss
Sa iyo’y pupulupot
Can strangle you
Magtanim ay di biro;
Planting rice is not a joke;
maghapong nakayuko.
_______________5.
the whole day you’re bent like an ox.
Di naman makatayo;
________________ You cannot stand more than one bit; di naman makaupo.
till you’re done you cannot sit.

Activity 5. Fill in each column. No. 1 is done for you.

*On the first column is the title of the text from Spanish
Colonial tradition. On the second column, is the type of genre. On the third column is the language originally
used in the text. On the fourth column is the language or languages it was translated. Write NA if
it was not translated at all and MANY if it was translated in different languages.

Title of the Text Genre Original Translation/s

Language
Used
A.” Doctrina Christiana” Prayer book Spanish English, Filipino
B. “ Mahal na Passion ni Jesu
Christo”
C.” Ibong Adarna”
D.”Florante at Laura”
E.” Noli me Tangere”
F.” El Filibusterismo”
G.” Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa”
H.” Mi Ultimo Adios”

B. Write the letter on the blanks that corresponds to your answer.

For letters (A-D)
_______1. It is about the tyranny in Albanya but perceived about the tyranny in the Philippines.
_______2. It follows the rendition of a folksy in rendition humanized nativized Jesus.
_______3. It is a book on the Catholic Catechism for the exclusive use of the missionaries who invariably
 read them aloud to the unlettered Indio, catechumens ( Medina), who were to rely on memory.
_______4. It revolves around the life of King Fernando, Queen Valeriana, and their three sons, Princes
Pedro, Diego, and Juan.

For letters (E-F)

_______5. It is about the last message of Rizal for the Philippines, his family and friends, to prayerful
men, and next-generation Filipinos.
_______6. It is written to exhort Filipinos to join the crusade to achieve real Philippine independence.
_______7. It is a chronicle of the life and ultimate death of Ibarra, a Filipino educated abroad who
attempts to reform his country thru education. _______8. It is about the character that reinvents himself
as Simon who is a healthy jeweler by further corrupting the social fabric till the oppressed react violently
to overthrow the system.

ENRICHMENT

Ask to students to answer the following additional activities.

Write emoticon/emoji appropriate for each item you’ve learned from this lesson
at the space provided or on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The pre-colonial forms of literature are folk speeches, songs or awit, Tagalog proverbs or aphorisms, tanaga,
folk songs, lullabies, narrative songs, folk narratives, and epics.
2. Baybayin is a native alphabet or syllabary used by the Tagalogs in writing songs, riddles, proverbs, short
poems, narrative poems as well as epic poems.
3. Religion was a major influence in literature in the Spanish colonial area in which
4. The forms of literature during the Spanish period were classified as religious prose and poetry and secular
prose and poetry.
5. Free public education and the use of English as a medium of instruction were introduced in the Philippines
during the American colonization.
6. Filipino writers in the American colonial period began writing critical essays, free verse in poetry, and modern
short story.
7. Resurgence of committed literature paved the way for awakening the Filipino writer’s sense of
nationalism.
8. Identity, history & memory, technology, and intertextuality are some of the common themes explored by
Filipino contemporary writers.
9. The newest forms of genres in the 21st century are blogs, eBooks, chic lit, creative nonfiction, flash fiction,
speculative fiction, graphic novels, hyper poetry, hyperfiction, and mobile text Tula.
VALUES INTEGRATION

Let the students reflect on the question below.

Activity 5. Let’s Reflect!
1. As Notre Damean, which of the core values NOTRE DAME developed/activated in yourself as we tackle the 21st Century in
the Philippines.

EVALUATION

Activity 6: Let’s Evaluate!

 Direction:
Write emoticon/emoji appropriate for each item you’ve learned from this lessoat
the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The pre-colonial forms of literature are folk speeches, songs or awit, Tagalog proverbs or aphorisms, tanaga,
folk songs, lullabies, narrative songs, folk narratives, and epics.
2. Baybayin is a native alphabet or syllabary used by the Tagalogs in writing songs, riddles, proverbs, short
poems, narrative poems as well as epic poems.
3. Religion was a major influence in literature in the Spanish colonial area in which
4. The forms of literature during the Spanish period were classified as religious prose and poetry and secular
prose and poetry.
5. Free public education and the use of English as a medium of instruction were introduced in the Philippines
during the American colonization.
6. Filipino writers in the American colonial period began writing critical essays, free verse in poetry, and modern
short story.
7. Resurgence of committed literature paved the way for awakening the Filipino writer’s sense of
nationalism.
8. Identity, history & memory, technology, and intertextuality are some of the common themes explored by
Filipino contemporary writers.
The newest forms of genres in the 21st century are blogs, eBooks, chic lit, creative nonfiction, flash fiction, speculative
fiction, graphic novels, hyper poetry, hyperfiction, and mobile text Tula.

Prepared: Checked: Approved:

THELMA S.LANADO LANY T. CATAMIN DANILO B. MONTOY, MAEM

Teacher SHS Coordinator Principal
 Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.
Masiag, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat
Government Recognition (R-XII) No. SK 405761-040, s. 2021
DepEd ID: 405761 ESC ID: 1201693
TIN: 000-578-187 (Non VAT)

LEARNING PLAN
S. Y. 2023-2024
SUBJECT: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World QUARTER:SECOND
GRADE LEVEL: 11 WEEK:3 & 4

TOPIC: Canonical Works and Authors of Philippine National Literature

LESSON 1: Canonical Works and Authors of Philippine National Literature

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from
the regions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine literature from the
regions through:
.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The students will be able to:
1. identify representative text and authors from each region
2. engage in oral history research with the focus of key personalities of the student’s region/province or town
3. evaluate an author’s life through his biography
4. relate historical events with the poem
5. analyze historical criticism and biographical criticism of a given text.

INTRODUCTION
21st Century Philippine literature is an important part of the curriculum amongst young Filipinos like you who can
mirror yourselves through the works of the modern-day writers. Thus, being inspired and being aware of the new ideas
and being open to new perspectives in life.

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
.PROCEDURE
B. MOTIVATION
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The Philippine National Artists for Literature is given by ___________.
A. Secretary of Education C.Vice President of the Philippines
B. President of the Philippines D. President of Philippine Press Club 2. Nick Joaquin is an author
who is best known for his______________.
A. poems and fables in English
B. essays and novels in Filipino
C. essays and speeches in Filipino
D. novels and short stories in English

3. Carlos P. Romulo served the following presidents EXCEPT

A. Elpidio Quirino C. Manuel L. Quezon
 B. Corazon Aquino D. Ferdinand Marcos

4. Rolando Tinio wrote “SitsitsaKuliglig” which is a collection of________.

A. poems B. plays C. essays D. novels

5. The Philippine of international organization for writers that was founded by F. Sionil Jose is_________________.
A. PEN B. MMFF C. PETA D. FAMAS

ANALYSIS
Let us get to know the author through their famous lines

Can you arrange the jumbled words inside the box to form a quotation and unlock the initials of the authors
who said the following lines? Write your answers to the space provided below.
price Brotherhood the very and is of man’s condition survival -CPR

1. ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
is so that There the can teach much us past - FSJ

2. __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

"You a have to be good person; first, you cannot be a great writer ".AR

3. “________________________________________________________________”___
_________________________________

“today The identity of the of a person Filipino what is his identity

is asking.” - NJ

4. “________________________________________________________________”___
_____________________________

“remembering What the forgets, the mind scars keep” ― ELT

5. “________________________________________________________________”___
____________________________

C. ABSTRACTION
In this part, you will get to know the authors and some of the works of Philippine National Artists in Literature

Some important details such as biography, education, career, famous works, legacy in literature, and
awards are mentioned in the table below for each author. It will help you get a glimpse of their background that
may have influenced their craft and style in writing.

Nicomedes “Nick” Marquez Joaquin

“Quijano de Manila”
(May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2004)

Biography The fifth of the ten children

Son of Don Leocado and Salome
Lived in Manila with his family
Education High school drop-out but a voracious reader
Career Proofreader at Philippine Free Press
Playwright, novelist, and journalist
Speaker at cultural events during Marcos regime
Editor of Philippine Graphic magazine,
Publisher of Mirror Weekly
Writer of the Philippine Inquirer and Isyu
Famous Works “Prose and Poems”, “Three Generations”, “May Day
Eve”, “After the Picnic”, “The Legend of the Dying
Wanton”, “The Legend of the Virgin Jewel;”
Legacy Contributed to Philippine Literature in English,
Reported in literary journalistic style known as “New
Journalism”
Mrs. Marcos cited having “opened a new vision of Filipino Life”
(1976)
Notable Award Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in Literature
The succeeding are authors that are chosen by the National Commission for Culture and Arts
(Philippines) and Cultural Center of the Philippines. They are recognized by the order of the National Artists of the
Philippines for their “exquisite contribution to Philippine art. The President of the Philippines gives the order.

Carlos Peῆa Romulo

(January 14, 1898 – December 15, 1985)

Biography Born in Camiling, Tarlac

Third of six children
Son of Gregorio, a Filipino guerilla soldier, and Maria
Education Bachelor’s Degree at University of the Philippines Master of
Arts at Columbia University
Career Professor of English at the University of the Philippines
Secretary of the President of the Senate of the
Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon the publisher and editor
 of The Philippines Herald,
Eighth President of the Philippines
Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives
during the Commonwealth era.
Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P. Macapagal's
and President Ferdinand E. Marcos's Cabinet through 1962 to
1968.
Famous Works The United (novel), I Walked with
Heroes (autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the
Philippines, Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise
(war-time memoirs).
Legacy America's most trusted Asian spokesman.
Awards Pulitzer Prize

Francisco “Franz” Arcellana (September 6,

1916 – August 1, 2002)

1990
Biography Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila
Fourth of eighteen children
Son of Jose CabaneiroArcellana and Epifania Quino
Married to EmerencianaYuvienco with six children
Education University of the Philippines graduated philosophy but later went
to medical school
Career Writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and teacher
Famous Works “The Flowers of May”
Selected Stories (1963)
Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in
the Philippines Today (1979)
The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1991).
Legacy in Literature Modern Filipino short story in English
Short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form within Filipino literature
Nontraditional forms and themes in Philippine literature

Awards Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in Literature

Rolando S. Tinio (March 5,

1937 – July 7, 1997)

Biography Born in Gagalangin, Tondo, Manila

Son of DominadorTinio and Marciana Santos Married to a
theater and film actress, Ella Luansing with two children
Education Graduated Philosophy from University of Santo Tomas M.F.A.
degree in Creative Writing: Poetry from the University of Iowa.
Career Filipino writer, poet, essayist, critic director, actor, and director
Famous Works "SitsitsaKuliglig" (Whistling at Cicadas) or (Shusshing
Cicadas), "Laruang Kristal," “The Glass
Menagerie,”"Larawan,” “Ang Mestiza,” “Ang Kiri,”” Osman and
Zafira”
Legacy Translations of Western Classics
Establishment Filipino-language drama
Awards National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Literature

Edith L. Tiempo
(April 22, 1919 – August 21, 2011)

Biography Born in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

Parents are Salvador T. Lopez, an auditor for the government,
and Teresa Cutaran
Married Edilberto K. Tiempo, a writer & critic
Education Pre-law at University of the Philippines
Bachelor of Science in Education at Silliman University
Graduate Studies at University State of Iowa
Career Poet, fiction writer, teacher, and literary critic
Famous Works "The Little Marmoset" and "Bonsai".
Legacy Tradition in Philippine Literature in English Remarkable fusion
of style and substance of craftsmanship and insight.
Notable Awards Carlos Palanca Awards in Literature

Francisco Sionil Jose December 3,

1924 (Age 95)

Biography Born in Rosales, Pangasinan Married to

Teresita Jose
Education University of Santo Tomas ( drop-out)
Career Filipino journalist, novelist, and writer
Famous Works The Rosales Saga; “The Pretenders, Tree, My Brother, My
Executioner, Mass, and Po-on,
Legacy Most critically acclaimed Filipino authors internationally,
Notable Awards Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and
Creative Arts (1980), Philippine National Artist (2001), and the
Pablo Neruda Centennial Award (2004), and Officer in the
 French Order of Arts and Letters (2014).

Virgilio“Rio Alma” S. Almario (March 9,

1944)

Biography Born in Bulacan

Parents are Ricardo Almario and Feliciana Senadren
Married to Emelina Soriano with three children
Education A.B. Political Science at the University of the Philippines
Diliman.
Master's units in education at the University of the East
M.A. in Filipino at the University of the Philippines Diliman
Career Filipino artist, author, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and
cultural manage
Famous Works “Ang MakatasaPanahon ng Makina,”“Balagtasismo versus
Modernismo,” “WalongDekada ng Makabagong Tula Pilipino,"
“MutyangDilim” &“Barlaan at Josaphat”
Legacy Revival and reinvention of traditional Filipino poetic forms

Notable Awards University of the Philippines Centennial Award, Amado

V. Hernandez Award, Balagtas Award for Poetry and Essay

Alejandro Reyes Roces (July 13,

1924 – May 23, 2011)

Biography Born in Manila

Parents are Rafael Roces and Inocencia Reyes
Married to Irene Yorston Viola
Education B.A in Fine Arts at Arizona University,
M.A. from Far Eastern University,
Doctorates from Tokyo University, Baguio's St. Louis
University, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, and the
Ateneo de Manila University.
Career Filipino author, essayist, dramatist, and a public servant

Famous Works ‘Of Cocks and Kites,” “Fiesta,” “Something to Crow

About,” “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken”
Legacy Changing the date of Philippine Independence Day from
July 4 to June 12
Recovering the stolen original manuscripts of Noli Me
 Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Mi últimoAdiós Changed the
language used in Philippine passports, coins, bills, and
diplomas to Wikang Pambansa
Notable Awards Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award, the Diwa ng Lahi
Award, the Tanging Parangal of the Gawad CCP Para saSining,
and the Rizal Pro Patria Award.

Lazaro Francisco y Angeles or

“Lazaro A. Francisco”
February 22, 1898 – June 17, 1980

Biography Born in Orani, Bataan

Parents are Eulogio Francisco and Clara Angeles,
Education Central Luzon Agricultural College (now Central Luzon
State University (Undergraduate) third-degree civil
service examination
Career Filipino novelist, essayist, and playwright
Famous Works “SingsingnaPangkasal”“Tatsulok,” “ IlawsaHilaga,”
“BayangNagpatiwakal,” “Maganda pa ang Daigdig”
Legacy Establishment of the Kapatiran ng mgaAlagad ng Wikang
Pilipino," a society that campaigned the use of Tagalog as the
national language of the Philippines.
Notable Awards Balagtas Award (1969), the Republic Cultural Heritage Award
(1970), and the Patnubay ng Sining at
Kalinangan Award from the government of Manila.

Cirilo Bautista July 9, 1941-

May 6, 2018
Biography Born in Manila
Married to Rosemarie with three children
Education AB Literature from the University of Santo Tomas MA
Literature from St. Louis University, Baguio Doctor of
Arts in Language and Literature from De La Salle
University-Manila
International Writing Program at the University of Iowa
Career Poet, fictionist essayist and educator
Famous Works “Summer Suns,”“Words and Battlefields,”“The Trilogy of
Saint Lazarus” &“ Galaw ng Asoge”
Legacy Founded the Philippine Literary Arts Council, the Iligan National
Writers Workshop &the Baguio Writers Group.
Notable Awards National Artist of the Philippines

It is significant that the readers know the background of the author and when the text was written for the audience
to fully understand the work of the author. Read aloud independently the following or by selecting particular learners

Here are different terms that need to be unlocked in relation to the author.

❖ Historical content- the world behind the text.

❖ Biographical content- the life of the author.

❖ Historical criticism- looks at the world by understanding the time the text was written and the other events
that took place upon the writing of the text.

❖ Biographical criticism- investigates details about the author’s life – about his family, birthplace,
educational background that could be used to better understand the text.

Here are some Notable Philippine Authors and their Works;

Names Place of Notable Works

Origin
Nicanor Aberlardo (1893- Bulacan “ Ang Unang Buko,” ( vocal) “ Kung Hindi
1934) Man,” (vocal), “Sonata in G Mayor,” ( sonata)
“Mutya ng Pasig”(kundiman)
Estrella D. Alfon (1917 – Cebu “Forever Witches,” (one-act play) “With
1983) Patches of Many Hues,”(one-act play)
“Tubig,”(one-act play)
“The Knitting Straw,”(one-act play)
“The White Dress,” (short story)
Liwayway A. “Canal de la Reina,”(novel) &
Arceo (1924–1999) “Titser”(novel)
“UhawsaTigangnaLupa,”(short story)
“Lumapit, Lumayo ang Umaga,”(short
story)
Francisco Balagtas y de la Bulacan “Florante at Laura” or “
Cruz or “Francisco Baltazar AngPinagdaanangBuhayni Florante at
(1788 –1862) Laura saKaharian ng Albanya,” (awit) La
India elegante y el negritoamante,” ( play)
“Orosman at Zafira” (comedia)
Lualhati Torres Bautista Tondo, “Gapo,” “Dekada ’70,” “ Bata, bata , Pa’no ka
(1945) Manila Ginawa” (novels)
"TatlongKwento ng Buhayni Juan
 Candelabra"
Cecilia Manguerra Brainard Cebu When the Rainbow Goddess Wept, The
(1947) Newspaper Widow, Magdalena, and
Woman With Horns and Other
Stories.
Resil B. Mojares(1943) Cebu The War Against the Americans:
Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu
Province; Aboitiz: Family & Firm in the
Philippines; House of Memory: Essays; and
Vicente Sotto, The Maverick Senator
Carlos Pangasinan “The Laughter of My Father” &“ The Cry
SampayanBulosan (1913- and the Dedication” (novels) “Freedom from
1956) Want” (essay)
Gilda Cordero-Fernando Manila “The Butcher,” “The Baker and The
(1932) Candlestick Maker” & A Wilderness of
Sweets (short stories)
Genoveva DizonEdroza- Manila "Kuwentoni Mabuti,""Leave-taking" and
Matute "None of the Bitter" (short stories)
(1915 – 2009)
ZoiloGalang (1895 – Pampanga “A Child of Sorrow,” (novel)
1959) “Tales of the Philippines,” – (first volume of
Philippine legends and folk tales)
“Life and Success”(first volume of
Philippine essays in English)
“The Box of Ashes and Other Stories”( first
volume of Philippine short stories in English)
Néstor Vicente Madali Romblon “The Happiest Boy in the World,”( novel)
Gonzalez “Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other
(1915 – 1999) Stories,” (short fiction)
Work on the Mountain (Includes The
Father and the Maid, Essays on Filipino Life
and Letters and Kalutang: A Filipino in the
World)
Peter Solis Nery Iloilo “Shy Evocations of Childhood,” and “Other
(1969) Poems that Came under Hypnosis,” and
“Rated R for Giraffe” (poems)
“Kakunyag” (Thrill), (sonnet)
“Ang Kapid” (The Twins) ,(short story thriller)
“Candido” (short story)
“The Passion of Jovita Fuentes” (play)
Ambeth R. Ocampo Manila “Looking Back” series and “Rizal Without the
(1961) Overcoat” (books)
José Garcia Villa (1908 – Manila “Mir-I-Nisa,” (story) “Man Song” (poems)
1997) Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines
and Others (collection of short stories)
“Appassionata: Poems in Praise of
Love”, “A Parliament of Giraffes,”
(collection of poems)
ENRICHMENT
Ask to students to answer the following additional activities.

Activity 1. Listen to the youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RAKICNR8hA

Activity 2. Based on the listening text, answer the questions that follow. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Jose’s mother has the following characteristics EXCEPTbeing________.

A. supportiveB.hardworking C. pessimistic D. compassionate

2. Jose’s childhood can be characterized as______________.

A. meager B. luxurious C. ordinary D. comfortable
3. The impact of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to Jose is ___. A. giving up his studies C. losing hope
for his country
B. forgetting his hometown D. relating the experience of injustice

4. The characteristics of Jose’s novels and short stories are the following EXCEPT____.
A. used his hometown as the setting
B. written in English & translated into twenty two different languages

C. emphasized the need to migrate one place to another for survival

D. focused on the social underpinnings of the struggles of colonialism of Filipino

5. After he dropped of University of Sto. Tomas, Jose_____________.

A. opened a bookstore
B. built a publishing house
C. began his writing career in journalism
D. established the Philippine branch of PEN

6. According to his essay, “Why we are Shallow?” there is a decline of Filipino intellectual and moral standards
because of the following reasons EXCEPT____________________________.
A. study of Greek and Latin
B. lack of Filipino contemporary writers
C. loss of prominence in classic literature
D. emergence of information on the Internet
7. It can be inferred that Jose is unrecognized by his fellowmen because of his ______________.
A. extraordinary love for Rizal’s work
B. exceptional style in writing and profound views
C. authentic Filipino English and anti-elite views
D. unfinished education at University of Sto. Tomas
8. “Authors like myself choose the city as a setting for their fiction because the city itself illustrates the progress
or the sophistication that a particular country has achieved. Or, on the other hand, it might also reflect the
kind of decay, both social and perhaps moral, that has come upon a particular people."
— F. Sionil José, BBC.com, 30 July 2003[1]
 It can be deduced from the first sentence that Jose _____.
A. writes stories when he is in the city
B. believes that city depicts the progress of a country
C. proposes to other authors to use the rural setting in fiction
D. suggests that the setting of fiction should always be in the urban

9. Based on the second sentence in no. 8, it can be inferred that the city used as a setting can
otherwise_____________.
A. strengthen the community and the values of its people
B. solve the garbage pollution in the highly urbanized areas
C. change the social and moral behavior of the city dwellers
D. reveal the deterioration of social and moral standards of the people

10. Jose as a writer can be described as the following EXCEPT _______.

A. Influential B. illogical C. relevant D. award-winning

VALUES INTEGRATION
Let the students reflect on the question below.
Activity 5. Let’s Reflect!
1. As Notre Damean, which of the core values NOTRE DAME developed/activated in yourself as we tackle the 21st
Century in the Philippines.
EVALUATION
Activity 6: Let’s Evaluate!
B. Encircle the correct answer.

1. The first line of the poem use (personification, apostrophe) as a figure of speech.

2. The poem makes use of (light words, strong words,)to express how the author feels.

3. The fix voice against the weight of their lost in lines 4-5 means loss of (heritage, power.)

4. Lines 6-7(urge, suggest) for the people to prepare for damage contract and prevention of aftershocks
after the death of the antagonist.

5. The word (weapons, ghost) symbolize violence which is of product of anger and hatred.

6. “Thief,” “scoundrel,” and “usurper of heritage,” are words usedto(emphasize, empathize) the angry
tone of the poem.

7. “Stench” is the word used by the author to express how he feels about Marcos’ ( family, leadership)

8. The author used fetid language “rot” which affirms his (discontentment, wrath)against Marcos.

9. The author in sixth stanza ( convince, persuade) the readers not to be swayed by the antagonist’s
clan for he still believes in future of our country.

10. The author (strongly, nonchalantly) condemns in the last stanza that the remains of former president
Marcos do not reach or country.
Prepared: Checked: Approved:

THELMA S.LANADO LANY T. CATAMIN DANILO B. MONTOY, MAEM

Teacher SHS Coordinator Principal

Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.

Masiag, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat
Government Recognition (R-XII) No. SK 405761-040, s. 2021
DepEd ID: 405761 ESC ID: 1201693
TIN: 000-578-187 (Non VAT)

LEARNING PLAN
 S. Y. 2023-2024
SUBJECT: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World QUARTER:SECOND
GRADE LEVEL: 11 WEEK: 2

TOPIC: geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary.
LESSON 1: The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21 st century Philippine literature
from the regions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21 st Century Philippine literature from the
regions through:
3. a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and theme, with a description
of its context derived from research; and
4. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The students will be able to:
define literature from various writers; and
understand literature from pre-colonial to contemporary periods.

3.make a graphical timeline focusing on how the literatures for each literary period proliferated.
INTRODUCTION
21st Century Philippine literature is an important part of the curriculum amongst young Filipinos like you who can mirror
yourselves through the works of the modern-day writers. Thus, being inspired and being aware of the new ideas and
being open to new perspectives in life.
INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
.PROCEDURE
MOTIVATION
The “putong” is a pre -colonial ornament which may signify that the wearer has killed someone.
True b. False

The early Filipinos live in scattered barangay governed by a chieftain which they call rajah or datu.
True b. False

B. ANALYSIS
It is a period of time before colonization of a region or territory.
Colonial b. Pre-Colonial
c. Pre-history d. Post-Colonial

What are the two classification of folk literature?

Local and Global b. Dynamic and Static
c. Flat and Round d. Floating and Oral

Literatures during pre-colonial period were handed down to us through .

word of mouth b. paper and pen c. multimedia

Which of the following is true about Philippine pre-colonial texts?

Most of the pre-colonial dramas were held in the sambahan or places of worship.
They revolve around the illiteracy of early Filipinos.
Only the concept of death is used as a subject for narratives.
All of the above

It is a rhythmical type of literary composition that usually serves to excite the readers.
Poetry b. Prose

C. ABSTRACTION
What is literature?
The word literature is derived from the Latin term litera which means letter. It has been defined differently by various
writers. These are the following:
Literature expresses the feelings of people to society, to the government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen, and to his
Divine Creator. (Brother
Azurin)

Literature is anything that is printed as long as it is related to the ideas and feelings of the people, whether it is true, or just
a product of one’s imagination. (Webster)

“True literature is a piece of written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response
to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his
Creator.” (PANITIKANG FILIPINO)

Some loosely interpret literature as any printed material written within a book, a magazine or a pamphlet. Others define
literature as a faithful reproduction of man’s manifold experiences blended into one harmonious expression. Because
literature deals with ideas, thoughts, and emotions of man, it can be said to be the story of man. Man’s loves, griefs,
thoughts, dreams, and aspirations coached in beautiful language is literature.

In Panitikang Pilipino written by Atienza, Ramos, Salazar and Nazal, it says that “true literature is a piece of written work
which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy
in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator.”

Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side – by – side with the country’s history. It had
started with fables and legends madeby the ancient
Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre –
colonial cultural traditions and socio – political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.

Literary History/Evolution of the Philippines 1. Pre – Colonial Period

The evolution of Philippine literature depended on the influences of colonization and the spirit of the age.
The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
Indigenous Philippine literature was based on traditions and customs of a particular area of the country.
Philippines is an archipelago. It consists of several islands, (approximately 7,107 islands), and each of this island has
aunique cultures and traditions, bearing different set of native literature.
Ancient literatures were written in a perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder, and bark of the trees.
Literatures were handed down to us orally.

There were two literary forms during the pre-colonial period:

A. Written literatures
Examples:
Riddles or bugtong. These are effective ways to inculcate the ability of logical thinking of a child.
Epigrams or salawikain. It reflects the hidden meaning through the good lines. It provides good values.
Poems or tanaga – These are common forms of poetry which has a quatrine with 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at
the end of each line. It also expresses insights and lessons in life.

B. Oral literatures
Examples:
Chant. It is used in witchcraft and enchantment. While, ambahan is a traditional poetry of Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental
Mindoro which teaches lesson about life. It is recited by parents to educate their children by the youth expressing their
love, by the old to impart experiences, or by the community in tribal ceremony. (slideshare.net/mobile/jessacerbito…)
Balagtasan .This is a Filipino form of debate done in verse.
The term is derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas the author of Filipino epic Florante at Laura.

2. The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1897)

Sixteenth Century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine literature. Spanish colonial government
finally got in the scene. They were able to
manipulate literature by monopolizing it under the religious orders. Literature revolved mainly on the themes of Spanish/
European culture and of course, the Roman Catholic religion.
Literary Influences during Spanish colonization
Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was the first book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593 by the Dominican press.
Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando Bagongbanta is a tagalog translations to the Spanish lines, still with the
superiority of the Spanish language.
Pasyon is influenced by the Spanish contexts of Christianity. At least, they embodied several Filipino sentiments and
values (the feeling of Filipino mother towards a suffering son).
6
Filipino writers in Spanish became conscious for the search of freedom
Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style and was identified.
Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan associated Filipinos’ struggle for independence with Jesus’ life.
Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo made a very powerful contributions to the awakening of Filipinos as it
introduce the rejection of Spanish rule. He also influenced the succeeding writers.
The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals, warriors, and lovers (the basic concept in Florante at
Laura).
Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of colonization and oppression which gave voice
to their revolutionary action towards freedom.

3. The American Colonial Period (1898-1945)

Philippine literature in Spanish time started to lose its track on the first decade.
The poems of Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Crisalidas), Balmori’s Se deshojo la Flor novel, and many others discussed
revolution and sentiments for patriotism and reform proved that Philippine literature was used to claim freedom from the
colonizers.
Even though Philippine literature was in English, the preservation of the content for Filipino experiences was achieved.
Short story writers in English like Manuel Arguilla in his “A Son is Born,” were one of the foundations of Philippine
literature. Poetry in English was also founded.  Sarzuela was overpowered by English drama.

4. The Contemporary Period (1946 to present)

This period started during the rebirth of freedom in (1946 to present). The Americans returned in 1945. Filipinos rejoiced
and guerrillas fled to the mountain and joined the liberating American Army. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained its
freedom and the Filipino flag waved joyously alone. The chains were broken.

The State of Literature during this Period

The early post – liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and
spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.
Heart of The Islands (1947) is a collection of poems by Manuel Viray
Philippines Cross Section (1950) is a collection of prose and poetry by
Maximo Ramos and Florentino Valeros
Prose and Poems (1952) by Nick Joaquin
Philippine Writing (1953) by T.D. Agcaoili
Philippine Havest by Amador Daguio
Horizons Least (1967) is a collection of works by the professors of UE, mostly in English (short stories, essays, research
papers, poem, and drama) by Artemio Patacsil and Silverio Baltazar. The themes of most poems dealt with the usual love
of nature, social and political problems. Toribia Maño’s poems showed deep emotional intensity.
Who Spoke of Courage in His Sleep by NVM Gonzales
Speak Not, Speak Also by Conrado V. Pedroche
Other poets were Toribia Maño and Edith L. Tiempo, Jose Garcia Villa’s Have Come, Am Here has won acclaim both
here and abroad

The New Filipino Literature during this Period

Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of
the poverty of life under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.

a. Period of Activism (1970-1972)

Many young people became activists to ask for change in the government. In the expression of this desire for change, the
writings of some youth who were fueled with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their petitions.
(aprilmaynjune.weebly.com)

The Literary Revolution

The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations in the
sidewalk but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers developed
awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To
dare!).

Writings During the Period of Activism

The irreverence for the poor reached its peak during this period of the mass revolution. It was also during this period that
Bomba films started to come out to discredit our ways as Filipinos.

b. Period of the New Society (1972-1980)

The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos
Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Almost all themes in most writings Dealt with the development and
progress of the country – like Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction, and
pollution. The New Society tried to stop pornography and those writings that badly influenced the moral of the people. All
school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations.

Filipino Poetry during the Period of the New Society

Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs
and the beauties of nature, and surroundings.

The Play under the New Society

The government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the
Muslims which were presentedin the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater, and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.

Radio and Television

Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like Si Matar, Dahlia, Ito Ang Palad Ko, and Mr.
Lonely were the forms of recreation of those without Television.

Filipino Films
A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during this time. During the festival
which lasted usually for a month, only Filipino films were shown in all theaters in Metro Manila.
Maynila…Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag was written by Edgardo Reyes and filmed under the direction of Lino Brocka. Bembol
Roco was in the lead role.
Minsa’y Isang Gamu-Gamo, Nora Aunor was the lead performer.
Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon was led by Christopher de Leon and Gloria Diaz.
Insiang by Hilda Koronel 5. Aguila was led by Fernando Poe Jr., Jay Ilagan, and Christopher de Leon.

Comics, Magazines and other Publications

In the period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms.News on economic progress, discipline, culture,
tourism, and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies.

c. Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial
Law was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.

Filipino Poetry – Poems during this period were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of criticism against the
government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane, and insulting language.

Filipino Songs – Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really True – to – life like those of grief, poverty,
aspirations for freedom, love of God, country, and fellowmen.

Philippine Films during the Period

The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be held during this period. The people’s love for sex films also was
unabated. Below is the table of the list of the Philippine Film during the Third Republic.
Film Director Cast Genre
Kontrobersyal Philip Salvador, Gina Alajar, Charo
Lino Brocka Drama
(1981) Santos
Relasyon (1982) Ishmael
Vilma Santos, Christopher de Leon Drama
Bernal
Dugong Buhay CarloJ. Ramon Revilla, Bong Revilla, Imelda
Action
(1983) Caparas Ilanan
Ang Panday (1984) Ronwaldo Fernando Poe, Jr, Marianne dela Riva, Max Action/
Reyes Alvarado Fantasy
Tinik sa Dibdib Leroy Nora Aunor, Dina Bonnevie, Phillip
Drama
(1985) Salvador Salvador
 d. Rebirth of Freedom (1986-present)
History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence which they lost twenty years ago.
In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so – called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. Together,
the people barricaded the streets petitioning the government for changes and reforms.

Newspapers and other Publications

Newspapers, which were once branded crony newspapers, became an instant opposition papers overnight. This was true
of BULLETIN TODAY which became the opposition paper.

Books
The Philippine revolution of 1986 and the fire of its spirit that carried the Filipinos through another epoch in Philippine
history is still being documented just as they have been in the countless millions who participated in body and spirit in its
realization.

ENRICHMENT
Ask to students to answer the following additional activities.

Explain in three (3) sentences why literature is considered as the story of man?
How did Philippine Literatures develop from ancient time to present?

VALUES INTEGRATION
Let the students reflect on the question below.
Activity 5. Let’s Reflect!
1. As Notre Damean, which of the core values NOTRE DAME developed/activated in yourself as we tackle the 21 st
Century in the Philippines.
EVALUATION
Activity 6: Let’s Evaluate!
Direction:
1 Make a graphical timeline in your notebook focusing on how the literatures for each literary period (from Pre-colonial to
Contemporary) proliferated. (Note: Limit 5 timelines only and you can have your own graphical design)

Prepared: Checked: Approved:

THELMA S.LANADO LANY T. CATAMIN DANILO B. MONTOY, MAEM

Teacher SHS Coordinator Principal