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    Mitral Valve Disease

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    Rachael

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    Mitral Valve Disease

    Uploaded by

    Rachael
    1 views1 page

    Original Title

    Mitral valve disease

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    1 views1 page

    Mitral Valve Disease

    Uploaded by

    Rachael

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Mitral valve disease

    Mitral regurgitation Assessment/diagnosis:


    Pathophysiology:  Echocardiography (TTE)
     Backflow of blood from the LV to the LA during systole  ECG (look for Afib, signs of LVH)
     Mild mitral regurgitation is seen in 80% of normal people  Chest X-ray (look for enlarged heart, aortic dissection,
    rule out pulmonary oedema)
    Causes:
     Myxomatous degeneration  mitral valve prolapse Management:
     Chronic myocardial disease (IHD, DCM)  mitral annulus  Heart failure therapies:
    dilatation o Diuretics
     Ischemia/acute MI  rupture of papillary muscle o Ace-inhibitors
     Endocarditis  destruction of leaflets o Beta blockers
     Rheumatic heart disease (most common in developing  Catheter-based interventions:
    world)  chordae tendinae rupture o Clips/rings
     Secondary cause: dilatation of LV due to congestive heart  Surgical replacement
    failure
     Essentially, a problem with the annulus, leaflets, chordae,
    papillary muscle, or LV can cause mitral regurgitation

    Clinical features:
     Breathlessness (due to pulmonary hypertension)
     Exertional dyspnoea
     Palpitations/Afib
     Sometimes can be asymptomatic
     Soft pan-systolic murmur with soft S1
     Acute MR:
    o Can occur secondary to trauma, ischemia,
    spontaneous rupture
    o Causes acute onset SOB
    o Require urgent surgery (usually MVR)

    Mitral stenosis Assessment/diagnosis:


    Pathophysiology:  Echocardiography (TTE)
     Obstruction of LV inflow  impairment of proper filling  ECG
    during diastole  atrial dilatation  Chest X-ray
     Pulmonary venous congestion/pulmonary hypertension will
    occur  right heart failure Management:
     Heart failure therapies:
    Caused by: o Diuretics
     Rheumatic fever o Ace-inhibitors
     Mitral annular and subvalvar calcification o Beta blockers
     Infective endocarditis  Catheter-based interventions:
     Autoimmune disease: SLE, RA o Percutaneous ballon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)
    o Clips/rings
    Clinical features:  Surgical replacement
     Exertional dyspnoea 
     Orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (from
    pulmonary hypertension)
     Diastolic murmur at apex
     Loud opening snap at apex
     Mitral facies/malar flush  vasoconstriction/hypoxia from
    low cardiac output

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