History

Chapter-1

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. Book written by Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Author of The History of British India
3. Term used by many historians to refer to modern period of India
4. The people skilled in the art of beautiful writing
5. The domination of one country over another which leads to political, economic, social and cultural changes
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. India was referred to as the jewel of the British crown.
2. Industrial Revolution began in USA.
3. Administrative units set up by the British in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were known as Presidencies.
4. The National Archives and the National Museum of India are in New Delhi.
5. Census surveys were carried out every 5 years.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Name the three periods into which Indian history is divided.
2. Who wrote the book The Discovery of India?
3. Which book talks about the drain of wealth from India to Britain?
4. Whose writings discussed the social evils prevalent in our country and the need for social reform?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What did history include in earlier times? What do historians focus on now?
2. How did Industrial Revolution lead to setting up of colonies?
3. Write a note on books written by Indian authors in the colonial period.
4. How did contact with the Western world bring changes in India?
Activity Time
Make a presentation on any five buildings built by the British in India.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. When did Vasco da Gama reach India?
2. Who was the first Asian to be a British MP?
3. Name some of the main museum(s) of your state.
4. When did Mahatma Gandhi write Hind Swaraj?
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
2. James Mill
3. Colonial period
4. Calligraphist
5. Colonization
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Ancient, Medieval and Modern.
2. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India by Dadabhai Naoroji
4. Writings of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Jyotirao Phule, B.R. Ambedkar, E.V. Ramasamy Naicker, etc.
D. 1. There was a time when history was all about accounts of battles and big events. It was about the rulers
and their policies. Historians wrote about the years when the king became the ruler, when he got married,
when he had children, when he fought wars, when he died and when his successor ascended the throne.
Historians today, do not just talk about the rulers and the events related to them but also about issues
regarding how people earned their livelihood, what they produced and ate, how the cities developed, how
kingdoms emerged, how new ideas had spread, and how cultures and societies changed. We focus now
not on a particular event, but on a set of events that spread over a period of time.
2. Following the Industrial Revolution, a competi­tion arose among various European countries to explore and
build trade settlements that would provide resources or raw materials to support industrial production
and would also serve as markets for their finished goods. European countries such as Portugal, Spain,
Netherlands, Britain, France and Germany founded colonies in many parts of Asia and Africa. This race for
capturing new, unexplored areas resulted in the setting up of colonies in different parts of the world by
the European powers. A colony was the term used for a region settled into or a country that was ruled by
another powerful country.
3. Dadabhai Naoroji, in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, talks about the drain of wealth from India
to Britain. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s Anandamath and Neel Darpan by Dinbandhu Mitra discuss the
growing sentiment against British rule and the growing sense of nationalism in the country.

The writings of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, B.R. Ambedkar, Jyotirao Phule, E.V. Ramasamy Naicker, etc., discuss
the social evils that were prevalent in our country and the need for social reforms. The Discovery of India
by Jawaharlal Nehru is regarded as a classic and provides an idea of India’s history, philosophy and culture.
The Hind Swaraj by Mahatma Gandhi talks about topics such as Swaraj (self-rule) for India and how India
came under British rule.
4. Contact with the western world resulted in an acceptance of western thought on the one hand, and rejection
of it on the other hand. Nationalistic, reformist and revivalist thinking found its way into Indian literature.
These works succeeded in instilling nationalistic fervour in the minds of people, a sentimental yearning for
India’s past glory and induced in them a desire for social reforms. A large number of patriotic poems and
songs were written in different languages which bemoaned the plight of the country under the British rule.
 History
Chapter-2

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The first European power to reach India
2. Wars fought between the English and the French in India
3. The battle in which Tipu Sultan was killed
4. The Act by which the Supreme Court was set up in Calcutta
5. The policy introduced by Lord Wellesley
6. The first Indian to clear the ICS
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Pondicherry was an important trading post of the Portuguese.
2. The East India Company established a factory at Surat in 1612.
3. The ICS was started by Lord Cornwallis.
4. Four wars were fought between the English and the Marathas.
5. The Dual system of government was put to an end by Warren Hastings.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Mention four trading posts of the French in India.
2. What was Dual government?
3. Name any four states which were annexed by the Doctrine of Lapse.
4. Which three villages later developed into Calcutta?
5. Who received Bombay as a gift and from whom?
6. What was the Rule of Law?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Discuss the policies of the Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Discuss the judicial administration introduced by the British in India.
3. Write a note on the Battle of Buxar.
4. Write about the Anglo-Maratha wars.
Activity Time
Divide your class into three groups. Each group can pick up one Presidency, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, and
make power point presentations on it.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. Where in India did Vasco da Gama and his fleet land in India?
2. Find out where the FEIC’s important trading posts of Chandernagore, Mahe, Karaikal and Pondicherry are
situated.
3. Which is Tipu’s Tiger?
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. The Portuguese 2. Carnatic Wars 3. Battle of Seringapatam
4. Regulating Act of 1773 5. Subsidiary Alliance 6. Satyendranath Tagore
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Pondicherry, Mahe, Karaikal and Chandernagore
2. Dual government was introduced in Bengal according to which the East India Company had all the powers
but no responsibilities, whereas the Nawab had all the responsibilities but no powers.
3. Jhansi, Satara, Nagpur and Udaipur
4. Kalikata, Sutanuti and Gobindapur, which later developed into Calcutta or Kolkata
5. King Charles II received Bombay as a gift from the Portuguese on his marriage to the Portuguese Princess,
Catherine Henrietta of Braganza.
6. According to the rule of law everyone was equal before law.
D. 1. The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor General from 1848
to 1856. According to this doctrine, if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, then his kingdom would
lapse, that is, it would become part of the Company’s territory. The rights of the adopted children were not
accepted. Satara, Sambhalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi were all annexed by this doctrine.
2. The judicial system in India had no uniform code of law prior to the British. Steps were taken by Warren
Hastings and Lord Cornwallis to institute a judicial system in India based on the colonial standards.
From 1772, a new system of justice was established. Each district was to have two courts—a faujdari adalat

(criminal court) and a diwani adalat (civil court). The maulvis and the pandits interpreted Indian laws for the
European district collectors who were in charge of civil courts. The criminal courts were under a qazi (judge)
and a mufti (Muslim jurist) but were under the supervision of the collectors.
Under the ‘Regulating Act of 1773’, the Supreme Court was set up in Calcutta. An appeal court or the Sadar
Nizamat Adalat was also set up there. Over a period of time, a hierarchy of courts was established. A major
problem was that there was a system of varying interpretations of the indigenous laws.
In 1793, the Cornwallis Code introduced a code of law which reorganized the judiciary. The British introduced
the concept of the Rule of Law according to which everyone was equal before law. The law was same for
everyone irrespective of age, class, caste, religion and economic status.
3. Mir Qasim was made the Nawab of Bengal by the British after Mir Jafar was unable to meet their heavy
revenue demands. He, however, refused to be a puppet ruler. He abolished custom duties on internal trade
altogether so that the Indian merchants could also enjoy the same privileges as the British and attempted to
check the misuse of the trade privileges by the British. He reorganized his army on European lines. He also
attempted to improve the finances of Bengal. Worried by Mir Qasim’s behaviour, the East India Company
replaced him with Mir Jafar. Mir Qasim then fled to Awadh. There, he formed an alliance with Shuja-ud-
Daulah, the ruler of Awadh, and Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor. Their combined forces met the British
force at Buxar in 1764. The British emerged victorious in this battle.
4. Three Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775–1818) were fought between the Marathas and the British. In the 1770s
there arose an intense power struggle among the Marathas. The British took advantage of their disunity and
tried meddling in their internal affairs. The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought during 1775–1782. Peace was
finally restored with the signing of the Treaty of Salbai on 17th May 1782. There was no clear victor in this
battle. The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) broke out when Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of
Bassein (1802) accepting Subsidiary Alliance for the Marathas. The other Maratha chiefs refused to accept
this which resulted in war with the British. The British gained control over many territories and weakened
the power of the Marathas considerably.
The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) succeeded in completely crushing the Maratha power. The Peshwa
was removed and sent off to Bithur, near Kanpur with a pension. His territories were taken over by the British
while the Maratha clans were made to sign Subsidiary Alliances with the British.
 Geography
Chapter-1

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. A thing having utility
2. Resources provided to us by nature
3. Natural resources having a limited stock
4. Using resources usefully, without wasting them
5. A resource found everywhere
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Air is a non-renewable resource.
2. Buildings are natural resources.
3. Minerals are non-renewable.
4. Resources should be recycled, reused and their usage should be reduced.
5. All developing countries should not follow sustainability in development.
6. Human resource is the most valuable of all resources.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Mention any one motto of sustainable development.
2. How do we classify resources according to their origin?
3. What is a renewable resource?
4. When does a thing become a resource?
5. Which states in India are using in windmills to generate energy?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Why are resources important?
2. Why do we need to conserve our resources?
3. In which categories can resources be divided on the basis of ownership?
4. What are the three R’s of conservation?
5. Human resource is the most valuable of all resources. Justify.
Activity-Based Question
Make a presentation on the various endangered flora and fauna in your country in the year 2015. Discuss the
measures to conserve them.
Search for Answers
Find out the names of some resources that fall under more than one classification.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Resource
2. Natural resource
3. Non-renewable
4. Conservation
5. Ubiquitous
B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T
C. 1. Improve the quality of life and the general standard of living. (Accept any other correct answer.)
2. They can be classified as biotic and abiotic.
3. Natural resources which can be regenerated or reproduced within a certain time period are renewable
resources.
4. A thing becomes a resource only when its utility is discovered.
5. Tamil Nadu and Gujarat
D. 1. Resources help us to lead a comfortable life and satisfy our needs.
2. The reserves of most of the natural resources are limited and once they get exhausted it takes an extremely
long time to renew them. The demand for resources is increasing because of the rise in population, as
the resources are being used at a very fast rate. Since the demand is more than the supply, the reserves
of natural resources are being depleted fast. In view of this, it is very important to conserve our natural
resources.
3. They can be divided as individual resources, community-owned resources, national resources and
international resources.
4. The 3 R’s of conservation are Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
5. Humans help in utilizing other resources with their technical skill and knowledge.
 Geography
Chapter-2

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The most basic resource
2. Utilization of land for different purposes
3. Two regions in India most vulnerable to landslides
4. Carrying away of topsoil due to physical factors
5. The bottom-most layer of soil
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. A landslide has severe effects like loss of property and life.
2. Volcanic eruptions can cause landslides.
3. Land pollution is a natural phenomenon.
4. A horizon of the soil is also called the parent rock.
5. The quality of soil is determined by the physical features of the region.
6. Laterite soil is a very fertile soil.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What is humus?
2. Define alluvial soil.
3. How is black soil formed?
4. Name some insects that burrow the soil.
5. What is mulching?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Which factors lead to soil degradation?
2. What adds red colour to the soil?
3. How do landslides take place?
4. Which soil is good for cultivation of cotton and sugarcane and why?
5. Why is the demand for water increasing rapidly?
Activity Time
Make a PowerPoint presentation on the natural resources of India.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. Find out about any three highly destructive landslides in India.
2. Get more information about rainwater harvesting and share in class.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Land
2. Land use
3. Himalayas, Western Ghats
4. Soil erosion
5. R horizon
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F
C. 1. Humus is a material formed of dead plants and other organisms which makes the soil fertile.
2. It is the soil formed by deposition of sediments brought down by flowing rivers.
3. Black soil is formed by the weathering of volcanic rocks.
4. Earthworms, ants, termites
5. The process of covering ploughed land with dried vegetation or straw is mulching.
D. 1. Both natural and human factors are responsible for soil erosion and depletion leading to degradation of soil.
2. The presence of high iron adds red colour to the soil.
3. Landslides take place when dirt, pebbles, rocks and boulders slide down a slope together.
4. Black soil because it can hold moisture as it is made up of fine clayey material.
5. The demand for water is increasing to meet the needs of the growing population.
 Civics
Chapter-1

Worksheet
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Disagreeing with or opposing a law is also called _____________.
2. Mahatma Gandhi and his satyagrahis travelled from his ashram at Sabarmati to Dandi in Gujarat to break
the ______________.
3. The objective of the Chipko Movement was to protect and conserve ____________ from being destroyed.
4. Changes or modifications made in the existing laws are called _____________.
5. The Constitution of India was adopted by the ________________________ on 26th November 1949.
B. Write T for True and F for False statements.
1. Laws also exist to ensure that unfair social practices like caste system and dowry are not carried on.
2. The enactment and implementation of the Dowry Prohibition Act has succeeded in controlling the practice
of dowry giving.
3. The Constitution provides rights to its citizens and protects their freedom.
4. The Constitution is rigid by nature and there is no room for flexibility.
5. The right to peacefully demonstrate against laws believed to be unjust is granted to all citizens living in a
democratic country.
C. Answer the following in one or two sentences.
1. What is emergency?
2. Who was the permanent chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
3. Who was the chairman of the Drafting Committee?
4. What was the objective of the Chipko Movement?
D. Answer the following in brief.
1. Write a short note on Human Rights.
2. What is dowry? What have been the consequences of the dowry system? What has been done to stop it?
Activity Time
Divide the class in groups and discuss methods to apply Constitutional reforms and end social evils like dowry
deaths, female foeticide, etc.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. dissent 2. salt laws 3. trees and forests 4. amendments 5. Constituent Assembly
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Emergency is a situation in which the Head of the State assumes extraordinary powers to defend the State
from external threats and to maintain law and order within the country.
2. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent chairman of the Constituent Assembly.
3. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting Committee.
4. Its objective was to protect and conserve trees and forests from being destroyed.
D. 1. Every person is entitled to certain fundamental rights, also called human rights. These rights are needed for
the complete unrestricted development of an individual. Rights refers to the legal, social, moral freedom or
privileges granted to us by the Constitution so that we can live our lives with dignity. The Constitution has
granted us certain rights but only some of these are absolute, while some are not.
• Absolute Rights: These are the rights that can never be limited or restricted, whatever the circumstances
are—even in a state of war or emergency. For example, the right not to be tortured or treated in an inhuman
or degrading way, regardless of the circumstances, is an absolute right.
• Non-absolute Rights: Majority of human rights are non-absolute. The Constitution provides for a suspension
of fundamental rights during certain circumstances. However, such a suspension automatically ends when
the situation ceases or when the President orders it. For example, the right to liberty, freedom of expression
and the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions can be suspended during the time of an emergency.
2. Earlier, dowry was given by choice as a gift to the bride and the groom to secure them financially. But
now it has taken the shape of a forced custom. Expensive gifts, property, money and other valuable assets
demanded by the groom’s family are given by the bride’s parents at the time of the marriage.
In our country, women are ill-treated if they do not bring enough dowry. Even after receiving dowry, there
are cases of girls being harassed, tortured, starved, hurt and even killed because of simple greed. In order
to stop this evil practice in India, the dowry system was banned by passing the Dowry Prohibition Act in
1961. Taking or giving dowry is against the law and is considered to be a criminal offence. However, the
enactment and implementation of the Dowry Prohibition Act has failed to control this evil practice and
related vices. Each one of us need to stand against this evil practice to put an end to this menace.
 Civics
Chapter-2

Worksheet
A. Which Fundamental Right will be violated in the following situations? Write in the blanks.
1. If a 13-year old child is working in a factory. _________________________________
2. If a labourer is not allowed to work in a State other than his own. _________________________________
3. If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu-medium school in Kerala.
_________________________________
4. If the court does not punish an influential person. _________________________________
B. Write T for True and F for False statements.
1. It is a Fundamental Duty to get remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights conferred by the Constitution.
2. Directive Principles of State Policy are legally enforceable.
3. The Right to Constitutional Remedies allows citizens to move to court if they believe that any of their
Fundamental rights has been violated by the state, organization or any individual.
4. The Preamble is an introductory statement, stating the aims and objectives of the Constitution.
5. Child labour is legal according to our Constitution.
C. Answer the following in one or two sentences.
1. What does the Right to Freedom of Association state?
2. What does the word ‘sovereign’ in the preamble mean?
3. When did the Right to Education become a Fundamental Right?
4. Why are rights meaningless without duties?
D. Answer the following in your own words.
1. Write in detail about the Right to Freedom.
2. Which strategies are used by the Indian State to strengthen and assert its secular nature?
Activity Time
Write and give a 2 minute speech about the lives of children forced to work at a young age.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Right against Exploitation
2. Right to Freedom
3. Cultural and Educational Rights
4. Right to Equality
B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. It states that citizens of India have the freedom to form associations or unions like trade unions and
educational or cultural societies.
2. Sovereign means absolute independence, a government which is not controlled by any other power—internal
or external. In other words, it means that the people’s will, in theory, is sovereign.
3. The law which made Right to Education a Fundamental Right was passed on 1st April 2010.
4. Rights are always accompanied by duties. They can be exercised only when we perform our duties responsibly.
Rights without duties are meaningless.
D. 1. The citizens enjoy several freedoms under the Right to Freedom. Let’s know about them in brief:
Freedom of Speech and Expression: Every citizen is free to express his/her thoughts and ideas through
speeches, writings or newspapers. He/She is free to criticize and speak against the policies of the government
too if he/she disagrees with them.
Freedom to Assemble: In order to express their views and to exchange ideas, citizens can assemble peacefully
without arms at any place. They can also assemble for celebrating a festival or other such purposes.
Freedom to form Associations or Unions: Citizens of India have the freedom to form associations or unions
like trade unions and educational or cultural societies.
Freedom of Movement: Every Indian citizen has the freedom to go anywhere in the country. One can move
from place to place, city to city and state to state.
Freedom to Reside and Settle: Indian citizens have the freedom to reside and settle in any part of the
country.
Freedom to Choose a Profession or Occupation: Every citizen has the right to choose any profession or
occupation he/she wants to practise.
2. To strengthen and assert its secular nature, the Indian Constitution mandates that the Indian State should
adopt various strategies.
• The Indian State should not promote any single religion and treat all religions equally.
• The Indian State should follow a policy of non-intervention and respect all religious sentiments without
interfering with any of the religious practices.
• The Indian State should follow a policy of intervention if and when the need arises to support social or
cultural growth. For example, it may support a religious community to open and run its own educational
institutions to help uphold its culture and identity.
• The Indian State should ensure that any religious group does not dominate the other.
• The Indian State should protect members of a religious group from being dominated by other members of
the same group.