Date: 06-09-2022

Subject- AP history
Syllabus- European Trade Establishments in Andhra- Andhra Under the
Company Rule, Role of Christian Missionaries- Socio-Cultural Literary
Awakening- C.P. Brown, Thamos Munro, Mackenzie-Zamindary, Polegary
System- Native States and Little Kings
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day:
1. Polegars have not only played significant administrative role but also
made a significant impression in struggle against colonial rule. Discuss?
Introduction:
Explain the role and origin of Polegar system
Body:
Describe in detail about the duties and functions of Palegars and give a brief
account of Polegar struggle against colonial rule.
Conclusion:
Polegars were the first to ignite the fire of independence by fighting against
colonial rule. Though their struggle is self interested and small in size, their
contribution has paved the way for future independence struggle and
revolutionary activities in Indian indolence movement
Content:
1. Polygar as the feudal title for a class of territorial administrative and
military governors appointed by the Nayaka rulers of South India
(notably Vijayanagara Empire, Madurai Nayakas and the Kakatiya
dynasty) during the 16th—18th centuries.
2. The Polygars were instrumental in establishing administrative reforms by
building irrigation projects, forts and religious institutions.
3. The Polygar's role was to administer their Palaiyams (territories) from
their fortified centres. Their chief functions were to collect taxes,
maintain law and order, run the local judiciary, and maintain a battalion
of troops for the king.
4. They served as regional military and civil administrators. In turn they
were to retain 1/4 of the revenue collected as tax, and submit the
remaining to the king's treasury.
 5. The Polygars also at times founded villages, built dams, constructed tanks
and built temples. Also, the rulers taxed regions according to the
cultivable and fertility of the land.
6. Often several new rainwater tanks were erected in the semi-arid tracts.
Their armed status was also to protect the civilians from robbers and
dacoits who were rampant in those regions and from invading armies
which often resorted to pillaging the villages and countryside.
7. The Polygars whom worshipped the goddess Kali did not allow their
territory to be annexed by Aurangzeb. Their wars with the British East
India Company after the demise of the Madurai Nayakas is often
regarded as one of the earliest struggles for Indian independence.
8. The British hanged many and banished others to the Andaman Islands.
Veerapandya Kattabomman, Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone, Puli Thevar,
Dheeran Chinnamalai, Maruthanayagam Pillai,the Marudu brothers and
Ulyyalawada Narasimha Reddy were some notable Polygars who rose up
in revolt against the British rule in South India.
9. The war against the British forces predates the Indian rebellion of 1857 in
Northern India by many decades but is still largely given less importance
by historian.

2. Write a brief account on Thomas Munro.

Introduction:

Write about the Thomas Munro’s introduction of Ryotwari system in Madras

presidency and his welfare activities.
Body:

Describe the Thomas Munro’s contribution in different areas for the welfare
of people.

Conclusion:
Of the administrators of the colonial era in Andhra, Sir Thomas Munro stands
out for his deep love of the land and people.

Content:
1. Thomas Munro was, like so many other administrators of Madras
Presidency, a Scot. Born in 1761, he had studied at the University of
 Glasgow and come to Madras in 1789 having secured an Infantry
cadetship here.
2. He was to see action in the war against Tipu Sultan that ended in 1792
with the latter having to cede districts of South India to the British.
Cornwallis, the Governor-General and the man who had led the war from
the British side, gave the responsibility of administering the new territory
of Baramahal (present day Salem and its environs) to Captain Alexander
Read and his lieutenant, Thomas Munro.
3. Having surveyed the territory completely, Munro came to the conclusion
that the ‘King's share of revenue' from the land was too high, an
assessment that was to shock his masters. He demanded a reduction in the
rents to be fixed, arguing that what was lost that way would be more than
compensated by better collection methods and ‘more exactness in
accounting' (read less corruption).
4. He was the Principal Collector of the ceded districts from 1800 to 1807
with his headquarters at Anantapur. He suppressed the eighty turbulent
palegars and established law and order. He introduced the ryotwari
system for the benefit of the farmers. Here, the boys are still named after
him Munrolappa.
5. In Madras, Munro laid the foundations of a form of district administration
that has survived with some changes to this day. The Collector was made
head of the district and besides his fundamental responsibility of revenue,
was also in charge of managing the police and was vested with
magisterial powers.
6. Under him came a large retinue of tahsildars who apart from revenue
collection, also had quasi-judicial powers in their sub-districts. In time,
Munro's methods became an absolute success and were extended all over
South India.
7. Munro was all for administration in the local language. He deplored the
practice of appointing to administrative posts and the judiciary those who
were not fluent with the local lexicon. He felt that Indians ought to be
allowed to dispense justice by themselves.
8. His contribution as Collector and Governor for the Rayalaseema
development is still held in high esteem. He built hundreds of irrigation
tanks and village tanks throughout the region and had done away with the
notorious palegars known for their wickedness and evil behaviour. He
scrapped all sorts of taxes levied on the people and introduced a farmer-
friendly ryotwari cess which was hailed by one and all.
Prelims Questions of the day

1. Which of the following colonial power has established the settlement at

Machilipatnam for the first time?
a) Portuguese
b) French
c) English
d) Dutch

Answer: d

Explanation:
The Dutch founded their first factory in Masaulipatam in Andhra Pradesh in
1605. Subsequently they also established trading centres in various parts of
India.
2. Which of the following Qutub Shah ruler had given the permission to
Dutch to set up a trade establishment in Andhra?

a) Ibrahim Qutub Shah

b) Mahammad Qutub Shah
c) Jamshad Qutub Shah
d) Mahammad Quli Qutub Shah

Answer: d

Explanation:
Mahammad Quli Qutub Shah had given the permission to Dutch to set up a
trade establishment in Andhra

3. Arrange the following in chronological order based on their arrival to

Andhra region during colonial time?
1. Portuguese
2. French
3. British
4. Dutch
a) 3-4-2-1
b) 3-4-1-2
c) 4-3-1-2
d) 4-3-2-1

Answer: D

Explanation:
chronological order of colonial powers in Andhra
 Dutch
 British
 French
 Portuguese

4. what was Moturpha during colonial times?

a) tenancy lands
b) Tax on looms
c) Tax on grazing lands
d) Tax on agricultural land

Answer: b

Explanation:
Moturpha is a name of tax imposed on loom during colonial rule.

5. Which among the following were the members of Brown college?

1. Patyam Parabramha Sastri
2. Ravipati Gurumurti Sastri
3. Juluri Appayya

Choose the correct code given below

a) 1 and 2 only
 b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 and 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
CP Brown has established a scholarly society with prominent Telugu scholars
of that time, which was called Brown college. Members of this society were
Patyam Parabramha Sastri
Ravipati Gurumurti Sastri
Juluri Appayya

6. Who had translated the Bible into Telugu for the first time?

a) Benjamin Schulz
b) C P Brown
c) William Jones
d) James Princip

Answer: a

Explanation:
Benjamin Schulz was the first to translate parts of the Bible into the native
Telugu language in the early part of the 18th century, and the manuscripts were
sent to Halle in Germany for printing.
7. The government of Andhra Pradesh has announced Orvakal Airport in
Kurnool district to be named after which freedom fighter?
a) Muthukukr Gowdappa
b) Gadicherla Hari Sarvothama Rao
c) Uyyalawada Narasimhareddy
d) Kalluri Subba Rao

Answer: c
Explanation:

As a tribute to Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy, Andhra Pradesh government last

year named Orvakal Airport in Kurnool district after him. Chief Minister Y. S.
Jagan Mohan Reddy announced that since Uyyalawada came from this region,
the airport will be named after him.

8. In which year Thomas Munro has introduced the ryotwari system in

ceded districts?
a) 1807
b) 1800
c) 1810
d) 1820

Answer: a

Explanation:
Initially T Munro has introduced the ryotwari system in ceded districts in 1807
later he extended it to madras presidency in 1820.
9. What was the share of the government in the total land revenue collected
by the zamindar in Zamindari system?
a) 10/12th
b) 10/11th
c) 9/11th
d) 9/12th

Answer: b

Explanation:
The zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in
1793 through Permanent Settlement that fixed the land rights of the members in
perpetuity without any provision for fixed rent or occupancy right for actual
cultivators.
Under the Zamindari system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers
by the intermediaries known as Zamindars.
The share of the government in the total land revenue collected by the
zamindars was kept at 10/11th, and the remainder going to zamindars.

10. In which year the battle of Chendurti had taken place?

a. 1758
b. 1769
c. 1760
d. 1757

Answer: a

Explanation:

Ananda Gajapatiraju invited English to evict the French from the Northern
Circars. The acting Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung decisively turned to the
English side after the English side won in the Battle of Condor (Chendurti) on
the 7th of December 1758. The French commander fled to Masulipatam
(Machlipatnam) and was eventually evicted from there in April 1759. This
forms a significant point in the history of the English rise in India.