6.

Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers,

New Delhi.
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers,
New Delhi.
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma,
Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books (Latest Editions)
1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,
Riverview, MI USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkata

32
 BP102T. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
 carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
 develop analytical skills

Course Content:
UNIT-I 10 Hours
(a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions-
Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate,
sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
(b)Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors,
accuracy, precision and significant figures
(c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.
UNIT-II 10 Hours
 Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of
acid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and
very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves
 Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and
estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
UNIT-III 10 Hours
 Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified
Volhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride.
 Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking
and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium
gluconate.
 Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity
of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of
barium sulphate.

 Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.

33
UNIT-IV 08 Hours
Redox titrations
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications)
Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with
potassium iodate
UNIT-V 07 Hours
 Electrochemical methods of analysis
 Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric
titrations, applications.
 Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working
of reference (Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and
calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and
glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric
titration and applications.
 Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and
working of dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum
electrode, applications

34
 BP108P. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Practical)
4 Hours / Week
I Limit Test of the following
(1) Chloride
(2) Sulphate
(3) Iron
(4) Arsenic

II Preparation and standardization of

(1) Sodium hydroxide
(2) Sulphuric acid
(3) Sodium thiosulfate
(4) Potassium permanganate
(5) Ceric ammonium sulphate
III Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant
(1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
(2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
(3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
(4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
(5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry
(6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration
(7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration
IV Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods
(1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base
(2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base
(3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone
Press of University of London
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
4. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia.

35
 BP103T. PHARMACEUTICS- I (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory
pharmacy with arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.
Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Know the history of profession of pharmacy
 Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and
pharmaceutical calculations
 Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
 Preparation of various conventional dosage forms

Course Content:
UNIT – I 10 Hours
 Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History
of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry
and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP,
USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
 Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions
 Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and
Errors in prescription.
 Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations
based on age, body weight and body surface area.
UNIT – II 10 Hours
 Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric
system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and
isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight.

 Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple &

compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent,
efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions.

 Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms.

Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement
techniques

36
UNIT – III 08 Hours
 Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes,
Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and
Lotions.
 Biphasic liquids:
 Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications,
Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability
problems and methods to overcome.
 Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification
of type ofEmulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to
overcome.

UNIT – IV 08 Hours
 Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases,
methods of preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of
suppositories.
 Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical
and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples.

UNIV – V 07 Hours
 Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors
influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams
and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid
dosages forms

37
 BP109P. PHARMACEUTICSI (Practical)

3 Hours / week
1 . Syrups
a) Syrup IP’66
b) Compound syrup of Ferrous Phosphate BPC’68
2. Elixirs a) Piperazine citrate elixir
b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir
3.Linctus a) Terpin Hydrate Linctus IP’66

b) Iodine Throat Paint (Mandles Paint)

4. Solutions
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate
b) Cresol with soap solution
c) Lugol’s solution
5. Suspensions
a) Calamine lotion
b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture
c) Aluminimum Hydroxide gel
6. Emulsions a) Turpentine Liniment
b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
7. Powders and Granules
a) ORS powder (WHO)
b) Effervescent granules
c)Dusting powder
d)Divded powders
8. Suppositories
a) Glycero gelatin suppository
b) Coca butter suppository
c) Zinc Oxide suppository
8. Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment
b) Non staining-iodine ointment with methyl salicylate
c) Carbopal gel
9. Gargles and Mouthwashes
a) Iodine gargle
b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

38
 1. H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott
Williams and Walkins, New Delhi.
2. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers,
New Delhi.
3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
4. Indian pharmacopoeia.
5. British pharmacopoeia.
6. Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy,Lea& Febiger Publisher, The
University of Michigan.
7. Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott
Williams, New Delhi.
8. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
9. E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, English Language Book Society,
Elsevier Health Sciences, USA.
10. Isaac Ghebre Sellassie: Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC,
New York.
11. Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker,
INC, New York.
12. Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and
Suspensions, Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.

39
 BP104T. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Objectives: Upon completion of course student shall be able to

 know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic
drugs and pharmaceuticals
 understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds

Course Content:

UNIT I 10 Hours

 Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia,

Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for
Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test
for Chloride and Sulphate

General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted

with asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds
belonging to the following classes

UNIT II 10 Hours

 Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general,
buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic
solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting
isotonicity.
 Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major
physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium
chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt
(ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
 Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental
caries, Desensitizing agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc
eugenol cement.

UNIT III 10 Hours

 Gastrointestinal agents
Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium

40
 Bicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and
Bentonite
Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric
acid, Hydrogen peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations

UNIT IV 08 Hours

 Miscellaneous compounds
Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium
nitrite333
Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum

UNIT V 07 Hours

 Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity,

Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio
isotopes - Sodium iodide I131, Storage conditions, precautions &
pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

41
 BP110P. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Practical)
4 Hours / Week
I Limit tests for following ions
Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates
Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates
Limit test for Iron
Limit test for Heavy metals
Limit test for Lead
Limit test for Arsenic
II Identification test
Magnesium hydroxide
Ferrous sulphate
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium gluconate
Copper sulphate
III Test for purity
Swelling power of Bentonite
Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel
Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide
IV Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals
Boric acid
Potash alum
Ferrous sulphate

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II,
Stahlone Press of University of London, 4th edition.
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Anand & Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia

42