LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
20EE25-RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 3 0 0 3
TECHNOLOGIES

Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Power System-I

Course Educational Objective: This course enables the students to acquire knowledge on solar
radiation data, Maximum power point techniques in solar PV and Wind energy conversion
systems. It also introduces the concepts of impact of distributed generation on transmission and
distribution system.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand fundamentals of solar energy systems. (Understand-L2)
CO2: Understand wind energy conversion systems. (Understand-L2)
CO3: Analyze the need of distributed generation in grid integration (Understand-L2)
UNIT – I: FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY SYSTEMS, SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR
THERMAL SYSTEMS
Energy conservation principle – Energy scenario (world and India) – various forms of renewable
energy – Solar radiation: Outside earth’s atmosphere – Earth surface – Analysis of solar
radiation data – Geometry – Radiation on tilted surfaces. Liquid flat plate collectors:
Performance analysis –Transmissivity – Absorptivity product collector efficiency factor –
Collector heat removal factor. Introduction to solar air heaters – Concentrating collectors, solar
pond, solar thermal plants
UNIT - II: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Solar photovoltaic cell, module, array – construction – Efficiency of solar cells – Developing
technologies – Cell I-V characteristics – Equivalent circuit of solar cell – Series resistance –
Shunt resistance – Applications and systems – Balance of system components - System Design:
storage sizing – PV system sizing – Maximum power point techniques: Perturb and observe
(P&O) technique – Incremental conduction Technique.
UNIT - III: WIND ENERGY
Sources of wind energy - Wind patterns – Types of turbines –Horizontal axis and vertical axis
machines - Kinetic energy of wind – Betz coefficient – Tip–speed ratio – Efficiency – Power
output of wind turbine – Selection of generator (synchronous, induction) – Maximum power
point tracking – wind farms – Power generation for utility grids.
UNIT - IV: NEED FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Renewable sources in distributed generation – Current scenario in distributed generation –
Planning of DGs – Siting and sizing of DGs – Optimal placement of DG sources in distribution
systems.
UNIT – V: GRID INTEGRATION OF DGS AND TECHNICAL IMPACTS OF DGS
Different types of interfaces – Inverter based DGs and rotating machine-based interfaces –
Aggregation of multiple DG units – Energy storage elements – Batteries, ultra capacitors,
flywheels. DG Impact on - Transmission and Distribution systems, De-regulation – Impact of
DGs upon protective relaying –Impact of DGs upon transient and dynamic stability of existing
distribution systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. John Twidell and Tony Weir, “Renewable Energy Resources”, Taylor and Francis -3rd
Edition, 2015.
2. H. Lee Willis, Walter G. Scott , “Distributed Power Generation – Planning and Evaluation”,
Marcel Decker Press, 2000
REFERENCE:
1. John Andrews and Nick Jelly, “Energy Science: Principles, Technologies and Impacts”,
Oxford University Press,4th Edition,2022.
2. S. P. Sukhatme and J. K. Nayak, “Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and
Storage”,4th Edition, TMH, New Delhi,2017
3. Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy”, oxford university press, 3rd edition, 2012.

B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R20 Regulations (w.e.f. 2020-21) 94 | P a g e

 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EE27-HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisite: Power Electronics

Course Educational Objective: This course enables the students to acquire knowledge on
various architectures of hybrid electric vehicles and power management of plug in electric
vehicles. It also introduces the concepts of different power converters, different batteries and
other storage systems used in electrical vehicles.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the concept of electric and hybrid electric vehicles.(Understand-L2)
CO2: Analyze different configuration of hybrid electric vehicles. (Understand-L2)
CO3: Understand the performance of Plug- in hybrid electric vehicles. (Understand-L2)
CO4: apply the power converters used in hybrid electric vehicles (Apply-L3)
CO5: Analyze different types of batteries and energy storage systems. (Understand-L2)
UNIT– I: INTRODUCTION
Fundamentals of vehicle, components of conventional vehicle and propulsion load; Drive cycles
and drive terrain; Concept of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle; History of hybrid
vehicles, advantages and applications of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, principle of
magnetic levitation, different Motors suitable for of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
UNIT–II: HYBRIDIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE
Architectures of HEVs, series and parallel HEVs, complex HEVs. Plug-in hybrid vehicle,
constituents of PHEV, comparison of HEV and PHEV; Fuel Cell vehicles and its constituents.
UNIT–III: PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
PHEVs and EREVs blended PHEVs, PHEV Architectures, equivalent electric range of blended
PHEVs; Fuel economy of PHEVs, power management of PHEVs, end-of-life battery for electric
power grid support, vehicle to grid technology, PHEV battery charging.
UNIT–IV: POWER ELECTRONICS IN HEVS
Rectifiers used in HEVs, voltage ripples; Buck converter used in HEVs, non-isolated
bidirectional DC-DC converter, voltage source inverter, current source inverter, isolated
bidirectional DC-DC converter, PWM rectifier in HEVs, standards of charging, charging
methods-on board charging, Front end charging
UNIT– V: BATTERY AND STORAGE SYSTEMS
Energy Storage Parameters; Lead–Acid Batteries; Lithium-ion batteries-Ultra capacitors;
Flywheels - Superconducting Magnetic Storage System; Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage;
Compressed Air Energy Storage - Storage Heat; Energy Storage as an Economic Resource
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ali Emadi, Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles, CRC Press,Ist Edition 2017.
2.. Iqbal Hussein, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, CRC Press,3rd Edition
2021.
REFERENCE:
1. MehrdadEhsani, YimiGao, Sebastian E. Gay, Ali Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory and Design, CRC Press,3rd Edition 2019.
2. James Larminie, John Lowry, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Wiley,2nd Edition
2017.
3. H. Partab Modern Electric Traction – Dhanpat Rai& Co, 2017.
4. Pistooa G., “Power Sources Models, Sustanability, Infrstructure and the market”, Elsevier
2008
5. Mi Chris, Masrur A., and Gao D.W., “ Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Principles and Applications
with Practical Perspectives” 2nd Edition,2017.
6. Dr. M. Kathiresh, Dr. G. R. Kanagachidambaresan, Dr. Sheldon S. Williamson, “E-Mobility A
New Era in Automotive Technology”, Springer Professional,I st Edition,2022

B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R20 Regulations (w.e.f. 2020-21) 97 | P a g e

 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC31-EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.

Course Educational Objective :This course provides the knowledge on typical embedded
system design methodologies, characteristics and design metrics, computational models for
describing embedded system behavior, standard single purpose processors, various
communication protocols and design technology for implementing embedded system.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to

Understand different design methodologies for embedded system design
CO1:
(Understand – L2)
CO2: Design Control unit and data path using computational models (Apply – L3)
Summarize the features of single purpose processors and interfacing concepts
CO3:
(Understand – L2)
CO4: Analyze various communication protocols (Analyze – L4)
CO5: Develop embedded system using IC and Design Technology (Apply – L3)

UNIT - I:
Embedded System Introduction: Embedded systems overview, design challenge, processor
technology, IC technology, Design Technology, Trade-offs. Single purpose processors RT-level
combinational logic, sequential logic (RT level), custom single purpose processor design (RT –
level), optimizing custom single purpose processors.

UNIT - II:
State Machine and Concurrent Process Models: Introduction, models Vs languages, finite
state machines with data path model(FSMD), using state machines, program state machine
model (PSM), concurrent process model, concurrent processes, communication among
processes, synchronization among processes, Implementation, data flow model, real-time
systems.

UNIT - III:
Standard Single-Purpose Processors: Introduction, Timers, Counters, and watchdog timers,
UART, LCD Controllers, Stepper Motor Controllers, Analog-to-Digital Converters, Real-Time
Clocks, Memory: Common memory types, Memory hierarchy and cache, Advanced RAM

UNIT - IV:
Interfacing: Introduction, Communication basics, Microprocessor Interfacing: I/O Addressing,
Interrupts, Direct memory access, Arbitration, Multilevel bus architectures, advanced
communication principles, Serial Protocols, Parallel Protocols, Wireless Protocols

UNIT - V:
IC and Design Technology: IC Technology: Full-Custom (VLSI) IC Technology, Semicustom
(ASIC) IC Technology, Programmable logic device (PLD) IC technology, Design technology:
automation: synthesis, verification: Hardware/Software Co-Simulation, Reuse: Intellectual
Property cores, Design Process Models

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Frank Vahid/Tony Givargis, “Embedded System Design A unified Hardware/Software
Introduction” John Wiley &Sons,Inc.
2. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design” Tata McGraw
Hill, 3rd Edition.

B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R20 Regulations (w.e.f. 2020-21) 103 | P a g e
 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EES4-INTERNET OF THINGS 1 0 2 2

Course Educational Objective (CEO):

The objective of this course is to explore the interconnection and integration of the physical
world and the cyber space. Understand the design concepts in setting up IOT Devices. Study
about the setup, configuration and installation of equipment for IOT.
Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Control different electrical and electronics applications using Arduino (Apply-L3)
CO2: Control different electrical and electronics applications using Raspberry Pi (Apply-L3)

List of Experiments:

1. Interfacing LED, Push button using Arduino.

2. Interfacing DHT11- Temperature and humidity sensor using Arduino.

3. Interfacing Ultrasonic sensor using Arduino.
4. Interfacing PIR sensor using Arduino.
5. Design of Traffic Light Simulator using Arduino.
6. Interfacing RFID using Arduino/ Raspberry Pi
7. Interfacing of LED, Push button with Raspberry Pi (Python Program).
8. Design of Motion Sensor Alarm using PIR Sensor.
9. Interfacing DHT11-Temperature and Humidity Sensor with Raspberry Pi.
10. Implementation of DC Motor and Stepper Motor Control with Raspberry Pi.
Project based experiments:

11. Raspberry Pi based Smart Phone Controlled Home Automation.

12. Smart Traffic light Controller.
13. Smart Health Monitoring System.

B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R20 Regulations (w.e.f. 2020-21) 108 | P a g e
 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
20EC82 -ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
B.Tech. 3 0 0 3
SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: Concept of signals and modulation theory.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on fundamental properties
of systems, radio transmitters, receivers, and noise present in the communication channel
and transmission lines and antennas used in communication systems.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
Summarize the properties of systems and concepts of noise in communication systems.
CO1
(Understand-L2).
Outline the concepts of communication system, transmission lines, antennas, and response of
CO2
linear systems (Understand-L2).
Apply the knowledge of systems, transmission and reception concepts for communication
CO3
systems in the presence of noise. (Apply-L3).
Interpret the response of linear systems and performance of RF transmitters, receivers,
CO4
transmission lines and antennas (Understand L2).

UNIT-I: Introduction to Systems [8Hrs]

Definition, Classification, Properties of Systems - Linear and Non-Linear, Time Invariant and
Variant, Causal and Non-Causal, Stable and Unstable; Signal and System Bandwidth.

UNIT-II: Response of Linear Systems [8Hrs]

Transfer Function, Impulse Response, Distortion less Transmission through a system,
transmission of a signal through LTI system, elements of a communication system and its
description.

UNIT-III: Noise in Communication Systems [9Hrs]

Concepts, external noise, internal noise, White noise, Band limited white noise, Colored noise,
noise calculations, noise figure, noise temperature, noise equivalent bandwidth, Narrow band
noise and its mathematical representation, power spectral density of in phase and quadrature
components of noise.

UNIT-IV: [8Hrs]
Radio Transmitters: AM transmitter, FM transmitter- Direct method of FM transmission,
indirect method of FM transmission.
Radio Receivers: Types of radio receivers-Tuned Radio frequency receiver and its limitations,
Super heterodyne receiver.
UNIT-V: [9Hrs]
Transmission lines: Fundamentals, characteristic impedance, losses in transmission lines,
standing waves, Quarter & half wavelength lines and reactance properties.
Antennas: Basics, Directional High Frequency Antennas: Dipole Arrays, Folded dipole and
applications, UHF and Microwave Antennas: Antennas with parabolic reflectors, Horn antennas,
Lens antennas. (Qualitative Analysis Only)
Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Publications, Singapore, 1983.
LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. 20ME82 - ROBOTICS IN AUTOMATION 3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Educational Objective:
The objective of this course is to impart knowledge about basic mathematics related to
industrial robots for their control, design, and application in robotics & automation Industries.
Course Outcomes: After completion of the course student will be able to:
CO1: Comprehend the anatomy of robots, end effectors. (Understanding-L2)
CO2: Categorize various actuators and sensors employed in industrial robots. (Understanding-L2)
CO3: Formulate transformations using DH parameters for kinematics and dynamics of robots.
(Applying-L3)
CO4: Illustrate the control system and develop the robotic programming. (Understanding-L2)
CO5: Outline the robotic applications in present and future industrial scenario.
(Understanding-L2)

UNIT - I
ROBOT ANATOMY: History of robots, Laws of robotics, Classification of robots, Present status,
and future trends, basic components of robotic system, links, joints, configurations of robots,
Accuracy, Repeatability, Resolution, Degree of freedom. Mechanisms and transmission,
END EFFECTORS: End effectors, Grippers-different methods of gripping, Mechanical grippers,
Magnetic grippers, Vacuum grippers, Specifications of Robot.

UNIT – II
DRIVE SYSTEMS: Drive systems - hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric systems, Advantages,
limitations, Industrial applications
SENSORS: Sensors in robots – Touch sensors, tactile sensor, Proximity and range sensors, Robotic
vision sensor, Force sensor, Light sensors, Pressure sensors, working principle, applications.

UNIT – III
KINEMATICS OF ROBOTS: 2D, 3D Transformation, rotation, translation, homogeneous
coordinates multiple transformation, matrix representation, homogeneous transformations, inverse
of transformations, forward and inverse kinematics of robots, D-H representation of robots.
DYNAMICS OF ROBOTS: Introduction, Robot Arm dynamics, significance, Force and torque
requirements for two degrees of freedom robotic arm.
 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

UNIT – IV
TRAJECTORY PLANNING AND ROBOT CONTROL: Basics of Trajectory Planning, Point
to point control, Continuous path control, Interpolations, Control system for robot joint, Control
actions, Feedback devices, Adaptive control.
ROBOT PROGRAMMING: Introduction to Robotic Programming, online and off-line
programming, programming examples

UNIT – V
ROBOT APPLICATIONS: Robot Applications-Material handling, Machine loading and
unloading, assembly, Inspection, Welding, Spray painting. Applications in unmanned systems,
defence, medical, industries, etc.,
AUTOMATION AND INDUSTRY 4.0: Robotics and Automation for Industry 4.0, Robot safety
and social robotics.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Mikell P Groover, Nicholas G Odrey, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N Nagel, Ashish Dutta, “Industrial
Robotics, Technology programming and Applications", McGraw Hill, 2012.
2. Saeed B.Niku, Introduction to robotics- analysis ,systems &application, Second Edition, Willy
India Private Limited, New Delhi,2011.

REFERENCES
1. S.R. Deb, “Robotics Technology and flexible automation”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.,
2009.
2. Craig. J. J. “Introduction to Robotics- mechanics and control”, Addison- Wesley, 2009.
3. Richard D. Klafter, Thomas .A, Chri Elewski, Michael Negin, "Robotics Engineering an
Integrated Approach", PHI Learning, 2009.
4. Fu. K. S., Gonzalez. R. C. & Lee C.S.G., “Robotics control, sensing, vision and intelligence”,
McGraw Hill Book co, 2007.

B.Tech. (OPEN ELECTIVES)