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 Chapter 10 – Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Multiple-Choice

Key Page(s)
b 372 1. Which of the carotenoid pigments has the greatest vitamin A activity?
a. alpha-carotene
b. beta-carotene
c. gamma-carotene
d. delta-carotene

b 372 2. Choose the food that is high in vitamin A palmitate.

a. spinach
b. liver
c. carrots
d. pumpkin

Instructions: Use the molecules below to answer questions 3-5.

A

E
b 373 3. Which is retinyl palmitate?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

c 373 4. Which is retinoic acid?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

d 373 5. Which is β-carotene?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

c 375 6. Formation of retinol from beta-carotene requires the presence of what B

vitamin?
a. ascorbic acid
b. folic acid
c. niacin
d. pyridoxal phosphate

a 375-376 7. What happens to retinal in the enterocyte?

a. it is esterified
b. it is reduced to retinol
c. it is transported into the portal blood
d. 15, 15’ dioxygenase acts to form beta-carotene

d 375 8. Choose the ONE correct statement.

a. Beta-carotene is hydrolyzed in the jejunum before it is absorbed.
b. Retinol does not need to form a micelle to cross the USW.
c. Beta-carotene dioxygenase activity occurs in the lumen of the ileum.
d. Retinol must be re-esterified to be carried in the chylomicron.

a 376 9. In order to be carried in the chylomicron, retinol (once in the enterocyte) is

_____.
a. esterified by lecithin retinol acyl transferase
b. converted to retinaldehyde by retinaldehyde reductase
c. attached to a VLDL
d. attached to an RXR receptor on the nucleus
c 379 10. The majority of vitamin A is stored in the liver, while carotenoids are stored
mainly in the _____ tissue.
a. muscle
b. eye
c. adipose
d. skin

a 379 11. In what cells will you find most of the retinol and vitamin A stored?
a. stellate
b. gallbladder
c. fundus
d. antrum

a 379 12. How will retinol, once secreted from the liver, be found in the blood?
a. attached to RBP and transthyretin
b. attached to albumin
c. attached to a chylomicron
d. attached to RBP and stellate cells

a 380 13. Which of the following is needed for the visual cycle?
a. 11-cis retinal
b. 9-cis retinoic acid
c. lycopene
d. cryptoxanthin

Instructions: For questions 14-16, complete the following paragraph with the choices given.
Vitamin A functions in the visual cycle. This mechanism involves a vitamin A molecule called A ,
combining with B to form C . When photon energy strikes this molecule, it splits and causes a
conformational change in the molecule, causing an electrical signal to be sent to the brain.

b 380 14. Blank A

a. rhodopsin
b. 11-cis retinal
c. all-trans retinal
d. retinol
e. opsin
f. retinoic acid

e 380 15. Blank B

a. rhodopsin
b. 11-cis retinal
c. all-trans retinal
d. retinol
e. opsin
f. retinoic acid
a 380 16. Blank C
a. rhodopsin
b. 11-cis retinal
c. all-trans retinal
d. retinol
e. opsin
f. retinoic acid

a 382-383 17. Within the nucleus, all trans-retinoic acid and/or 9-cis retinoic acid binds to
_____.
a. nuclear retinoic acid receptors
b. mannosylated glycoproteins
c. cell aggregates
d. transcription factors

a 382-383 18. Why is retinoic acid considered a hormone?

a. It has receptors on the nucleus and causes a change in protein synthesis.
b. It has a biologic function similar to insulin.
c. It is synthesized in the same tissue that it affects.
d. It causes the catabolism (break down) of body proteins.

d 383 19. Which vitamin directs cellular differentiation of epithelial cells?

a. riboflavin
b. vitamin K
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin A

b 383 20. Where would you find retinoid X receptors (RXR)?

a. cytosol
b. nucleus
c. mitochondria
d. none of the above

b 384 21. Which vitamin is said to be essential for growth and immune system
function?
a. K
b. A
c. D
d. E

a 380-384 22. Which is NOT related to the functions of vitamin A?

a. neurological function
b. growth
c. immunity
d. cell differentiation
d 385 23. Choose the correct statement about the quenching of singlet oxygen by
carotenoids.
a. Carotenoids donate an electron to the singlet oxygen to make it stable.
b. Carotenoids covalently bond with the singlet oxygen to make it stable.
c. Carotenoids donate energy so that the excited electron returns to its
orbital.
d. Carotenoids absorb the extra energy that is held by the singlet oxygen.

d 385 24. Which is the strongest antioxidant?

a. beta-carotene
b. alpha-tocopherol
c. beta-cryptoxanthin
d. lycopene

c 386, 389 25. Would you recommend β-carotene supplementation to a smoker to decrease
risk to lung cancer?
a. Yes—β-carotene can quench singlet oxygen.
b. Yes—smoking increases free radical formation; β-carotene can decrease
free radicals.
c. No—β-carotene supplements may be harmful to smokers and are their
use is not advised for the general public.
d. No—β-carotene supplements can cause a vitamin A toxicity and liver
cirrhosis.

b 385-386,389 26. Choose the phrase which best explains the following statement: “β-carotene
is no magic bullet.”
a. β-carotene does not decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen molecules.
b. β-carotene is not the only health-promoting molecule in fruits and
vegetables.
c. β-carotene supplements cannot be manufactured cheaply enough.
d. β-carotene can replace vitamin E in terminating the auto-oxidation of
fatty acids.

b 387, 389 27. Which micromineral deficiency interferes with vitamin A metabolism by
reducing retinol-binding protein?
a. manganese
b. zinc
c. selenium
d. iron

d 388 28. Which symptom of a vitamin A deficiency is most likely responsible for
deficiency-related deaths?
a. its function as a teratogen
b. poor cellular differentiation and growth
c. keratinization of the cornea
d. severe infections
a 389 29. An individual with poor vitamin A status would have a _____ RDR than
someone with a good vitamin A status.
a. greater
b. lesser

b 389 30. Which is the best technique to assess status of vitamin A liver stores?
a. serum retinol levels
b. the relative dose response
c. clinical eye examinations

c 391-392 31. Imagine you are a nutritionist working in a country other than the U.S.
Which is an assumption about vitamin D status that is NOT true?
a. The latitude makes a difference as regards how much vitamin D can be
self-synthesized.
b. Customs of dress make a difference as regards how much vitamin D can
be self-synthesized.
c. Cow’s milk is a reliable source of vitamin D in the food supply.
d. Skin color makes a difference as regards how much sun is needed to
synthesize vitamin D.

d 391 32. Which vitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?
a. ergocalciferol – vitamin D2
b. calcidiol – 25-OH D3
c. calcitriol – 1,25-OH2 D3
d. cholecalciferol – vitamin D3

d 391, 398 33. It’s a good thing that milk is fortified with vitamin D so that we can consume
the RDA if we drink the recommended number of glasses of milk each day.
The DRI for 9-69 year olds is 600 IU (15 g). This equals _____ cups of milk.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. six

d 392 34. What % of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed?

a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50

a 392 35. Dietary cholecalciferol must be further hydroxylated in order to be active

vitamin D. The first hydroxylation occurs in the _____ to produce _____.
a. liver, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
b. kidney, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
c. skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol
d. kidney, 1-hydrocholesterol
a 392, 393 36. What form of vitamin D is the major circulating form with a half-life of
approximately 3 weeks?
a. calcidiol
b. calcitriol
c. cholecalciferol
d. vitamin D2

c 394 37. Which vitamin is believed to function like a steroid hormone?

a. choline
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin E

d 394 38. Choose the non-genomic effect of vitamin D.

a. increased synthesis of calbindin
b. bone accretion
c. rapid calcium absorption
d. intracellular cytosolic signal transduction

c 394, 395 39. The vitamin D response element (VDRE) is found

a. on the enterocyte membrane.
b. on the renal tubule.
c. in the nucleus.
d. in the pancreatic duct cell.

b 395 40. Which vitamin has as its primary function the maintenance of calcium
homeostasis?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

d 395 41. Choose the correct order of the phrases below to explain the response of the
body to a decline in serum calcium levels. Choose the BEST answer.
1. Increased release of PTH
2. Decreased release of PTH
3. Increased synthesis of calbindin
4. Increased synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2 D3
5. Increased bone absorption
6. Increased calcium absorption
7. Decreased bone resorption
8. Increased calcium excretion
9. Increased bone resorption
a. 1, 5, 4, 8
b. 1, 3, 5, 9
c. 2, 3, 9, 6
d. 1, 4, 3, 6
d 397 42. What vitamin is associated with diminished proliferation and enhanced
differentiation of cells, which serves as a basis for its use as treatment of skin
diseases such as psoriasis?
a. A
b. E
c. K
d. D

a 398 43. The RDA for vitamin D for people over the age of 70 is _____ the RDA for
teenagers.
a. greater than
b. less than
c. equal to

c 398, 399 44. If asked about the relationship of vitamin D to autoimmune disease, the best
information for a dietetic professional to provide is:
a. the evidence does not support a relationship at this time.
b. the evidence is only in animals, not humans.
c. some evidence suggests a protective effect of vitamin D.
d. take a supplement containing 2000 IU vitamin D each day.

b 399 45. A deficiency of which vitamin is commonly associated with rickets?

a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

c 399 46. Toxicity of which vitamin is related to increased deposition of calcium in soft
tissues?
a. lipoic acid
b. biotin
c. D
d. E

a 399 47. What is a symptom of a vitamin D toxicity?

a. hypercalcemia
b. hypocalcemia
c. rickets
d. osteoporosis

a 399 48. Sun exposure does not cause hypervitaminosis D because _____.
a. cutaneous production of the vitamin reaches a maximum
b. sunburned skin is not sensitive to the UV wavelength that causes
previtamin D3 synthesis
c. inactive products are synthesized from pre-vitamin D3 and D3
d. vitamin D-binding protein is not saturated with D3
a 400 49. In assessing the vitamin D status of an individual, which measure would you
use?
a. circulating 25-OH cholecalciferol
b. circulating 1,25-OH2 cholecalciferol
c. circulating cholecalciferol
d. serum calcium levels

a 400, 401 50. Which tocopherol form provides the most vitamin E activity in the U.S. food
supply?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. delta

b 400-401 51. How does alpha-tocopherol differ from beta-tocopherol?

a. saturation of side chain
b. location of methyl groups
c. source in the diet

a 401 52. Who discovered vitamin E?

a. Evans and Bishop
b. McCollum and Davis
c. Mellanby and Hopkins
d. Simon and Garfunkel

d 402 53. A genetic deficiency in _____ leads to a vitamin E deficiency syndrome.

a. RRR alpha-tocopherol
b. gamma-tocotrienol
c. tocopherol carrier protein in the jejunum
d. alpha-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver

e 402 54. Immediately following a balanced meal that contained vitamin E (such as
fortified milk), where would you most likely find most of the vitamin E in
the body?
a. in the portal blood as α-tocopherol
b. in the general circulation bound to RBC
c. inside cells as free α-tocopherol
d. stored in adipose tissue
e. in chylomicrons in the lymphatic vessels and general circulation

a 403 55. In what type of tissue is the largest amount of vitamin E stored?
a. adipose
b. heart
c. lung
d. brain
b 403, 404 56. Which fat-soluble vitamin has as its principal function the maintenance of
membrane integrity?
a. vitamin D
b. vitamin E
c. vitamin A
d. vitamin K

c 406 57. Which vitamin is associated with improved plasma membrane structure and
glucose transport/metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

c 407 58. For which vitamin is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level set because of
increased tendency for bleeding?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

d 409 59. Which of the fat-soluble vitamins is consumed in the form of phylloquinone
from plant foods?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

d 410-412 60. Which fat-soluble vitamin appears to operate as a coenzyme that modifies
proteins to bind with calcium?
a. A
b. β-carotene
c. E
d. K

b 411 61. The action of vitamin K is the post-translational synthesis of blood clotting
factors occurs:
a. in the blood.
b. in the liver.
c. in the small intestine.
d. in the bone marrow.

a 412 62. Anticoagulant drugs that act by inhibiting vitamin K activity do so by which
mechanism?
a. inhibiting the formation of the active form of vitamin K
b. interfering with micelle formation so vitamin K is not absorbed
c. not allowing calcium to interact with Gla residues
d. stimulating osteocalcin synthesis
b 412 63. Mr. S. takes warfarin due to his valve replacement surgery. He is an avid
gardener and enjoys eating the many green leafy vegetables he grows. You
caution Mr. S. to tell his physician about this because the amount of warfarin
he takes may need to be _____
a. decreased
b. increased

a 414 64. Risk of vitamin K deficiency is greatest in:

a. newborns.
b. children.
c. adolescents.
d. older people.

c 414 65. Vitamin K deficiency in adults is most likely due to:

a. oxalic acid in food.
b. achlorhydria.
c. antibiotic therapy.
d. a high-fiber diet.

d 414 66. For which vitamin is a severe deficiency associated with an increased
tendency for bleeding?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

b 414 67. Which is the best measure of vitamin K status?

a. des-γ-carboxyglutamic prothrombin
b. prothrombin time
c. INR
d. PTH concentration

Enrichment (these questions are related to but go beyond the text chapter)

Key Page(s)
a 382-383 68. Induction of a protein (i.e., increasing the amount of a protein) via increasing
gene expression can be accomplished by:
a. vitamin A.
b. folate.
c. vitamin C.
d. more than one of these vitamins
True/False

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it
is false.

Key Page(s)
F 414 1. Gut bacteria can produce some vitamins, but this rarely contributes to our
requirements because they are not absorbed.
Explanation: Vitamin K, folate, biotin—all contribute to the requirement.
F 371 2. Because β-carotene can be converted into retinol, plant sources are referred
to as preformed vitamin A.
Explanation: Plant sources are provitamin A.
T 391-393 3. Production of active vitamin D requires skin, sunlight, cholesterol, the liver,
and the kidneys.
T 395-397 4. Calcium homeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption, bone
resorption, and kidney reabsorption.
T 412 5. Many anticoagulants inhibit the vitamin K cycle, thereby preventing
activation of clotting proteins.
F 379 6. All three forms of vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid) are stored in the
liver as retinyl esters.
Explanation: Only retinol is stored in the liver, as retinyl esters.
T 395 7. Vitamin D increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca ++ transporter) in
enterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene.
T 380 8. Rhodopsin is simply the opsin protein after it has been activated by 11-cis-
retinal.
T 412 9. Many anticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K
(i.e., dihydrovitamin KH2) during the vitamin K cycle.
F 380 10. All of the functions of vitamin A are carried out by retinoic acid via
transcriptional mechanisms.
Explanation: E.g., retinal for the visual cycle.

F 391 11. A good source of vitamin D is milk, because it is fortified with 1,25-(OH)2-
vitamin D3.
Explanation: Fortified with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)—not hydroxylated at
either carbon 25 or carbon 1.
F 391 12. 7-dehydrocholesterol is the form of vitamin D that is added to fortify milk.
Explanation: Cholecalciferol is the form added to fortify milk.
Matching

Vitamers: Match each vitamer with its function.

Key Page(s) Vitamer Function

c 382 1. 11-cis retinal a. interacts with nuclear VDR to increase calbindin
d 382 2. retinoic acid b. required for carboxylation of glutamic acid
e 404 3. alpha-tocopherol c. needed for binding with opsin in the
a 395 4. calcitriol photoreceptor rod cells
b 411-412 5. hydroquinone (KH2) d. transported into nucleus to affect gene
transcription of keratin proteins
e. donates hydrogens to terminate propagation of
membrane lipid peroxidation chain reactions

Fill-in-the-Blank

Page(s)
412 1. The synthesis of the specific bone protein osteocalcin is dependent on the presence of
three fat-soluble vitamins: _____, _____, and _____.
Key: vitamin K, calcitriol, retinoic acid
393, 394 2. When serum Ca is low, the synthesis of the hormone _____ is stimulated in the
kidney to restore serum Ca to normal.
Key: calcitriol
391 3. The 2 forms of naturally occurring provitamin D are: _____ and _____.
Key: ergosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol
382-384 4. The active form of vitamin A that regulates cell differentiation through gene
expression is _____.
Key: retinoic acid
377-379 5. The absorbed carotenoids that enter the liver can follow three routes: _____, _____
and _____.
Key: cleaved to form retinol, incorporated into and released via VLDL for transport, stored in
the liver

Short Answer (with suggested answer key)

Page(s)
410-413 1. Indicate: (1) the active form of vitamin K, (2) the general function of vitamin K, and
(3) an example of the general function (this could be a specific reaction or simply
indicate a pathway/ process where it occurs). Your answers do not need to be long!

Key: Vitamin K
(1) Dihydrovitamin KH2 or hydroquinone
 (2) Carboxylation
(3) Activation of clotting proteins (prothrombin to thrombin); activation of bone proteins
(osteocalcin)

382-83,394,397 2. Regulation of Proteins by Vitamins. Micronutrients, like vitamins, typically regulate

gene expression (i.e., induction) directly. Use either vitamin D or vitamin A to
illustrate this concept—be complete and thorough in your answer. Don’t just draw a
diagram without some discussion and make sure everything is labeled and/or
defined.

Key: As stated, we are talking about induction—that means we are increasing the abundance
of a particular protein by increasing gene expression.
Two good examples of this are vitamin D and vitamin A. Induction means an increase in the
amount of the protein. Micronutrients such as vitamin A and vitamin D accomplish this by
directly increasing the transcription of a given gene. A good example for vitamin D is its
ability to increase the number of calcium transporters (CaBP) in the intestinal cell. It does
this by binding in the cytosol to a vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), which delivers it to the
nucleus. In the nucleus, another protein, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), binds vitamin D and
a second protein, the retinoid X receptor (RXR), binds to them. Collectively, this complex
(VDR-RXR) can then bind to the vitamin D response element (VDRE) located in the
promoter region of the gene that encodes for CaBP. When the VDRE is activated by the VDR-
RXR complex, it increases the transcription of CaBP; thus, there are more CaBP made in the
cell and more calcium is transported in.
You can discuss a very similar scenario for vitamin A (retinoic acid, that is). You have
cytosolic proteins (CRABP) to take the retinoic acid to the nucleus, where it binds to a
retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and then RXR. Together, they (RAR-RXR) bind to the retinoic
acid response element (RARE) located on specific genes (such as the gene encoding for growth
hormone receptor or PEPCK) to increase the transcription of that gene; thus, more protein,
like growth hormone or the enzyme PEPCK, is made.
Remember, that regulation of gene expression by vitamin D and vitamin A is cell type-
specific depending on the protein that is being induced. For CaBP, this occurs in the
enterocyte, but not other tissues. For growth hormone, this will occur in certain brain cells,
but no where else. We don’t produce growth hormone and CaBP in every cell that is exposed
to vitamin A or D. Also, remember that once the expression of a gene is turned on, that
results in making more mRNA corresponding to that gene (via transcription), and then the
mRNA leaves the nucleus—it is translated into the desired protein.
Also note that this is essentially the same mechanism (different names, different response
elements) through which zinc and copper regulate metallothionein or SOD. It is different for
iron, where the response elements are on mRNA and the regulation is at the level of
translation in the cytosol.

410-413 3. Although for micronutrients increasing the amount of a protein by directly inducing
gene expression is certainly a common mechanism, we have encountered other
mechanisms by which vitamins can regulate proteins. Provide one example of
posttranslational modification, being as specific as possible.
 Key: A possible example is vitamin K, which is required for the carboxylation of a number of
proteins involved in coagulation (e.g., prothrombin to thrombin) to make them more active. It
also covalently modifies bone proteins. In both cases, the carboxylation of glutamate residues
in the protein allows the protein to bind Ca++, thus making it more active in coagulation or
bone formation.

380-381 4. Explain the process by which rhodopsin is formed.

Key: Grading rubric – answer should include the following items:

For vision to occur, 11-cis retinol must bind to the visual pigment opsin in the rods of the
retina to form rhodopsin. Subsequently when light hits the retina, the energy from the light
splits opsin from rhodopsin and releases the vitamin A as all-trans-retinal. This reaction is
called bleaching because loss of rhodopsin decreases pigment color. The reaction sets off a
cascade of reactions involving a G protein called transducin, causing the rod to hyperpolarize
from blockage of sodium channels, which in turn sends signals through the optic nerve to the
brain. To finish the cycle, all-trans retinal is reconverted in a series of steps to 11-cis retinol
and reunited with opsin to reform rhodopsin.

397 5. Discuss the role of calcitonin in maintaining normal blood calcium concentration.

Key: Grading rubric – answer should include the following items:

Calcitonin is released from the thyroid parafollicular cells in response to elevated serum
calcium and functions to restore serum levels back down to normal. Calcitonin inhibits
osteoclasts and diminishes the release of calcium and phosphorus from bone. It diminishes
kidney reabsorption of calcium and promotes excretion of calcium in urine.

413 6. Why are vitamins A and E said to be antagonists of vitamin K?

Key: Grading rubric – answer should include the following items:

Excess intake of vitamins A and E interfere with absorption of vitamin K. In addition,
vitamin E interferes with metabolism of MK-4 and may increase degradation of all forms of
vitamin K in the liver.
 Perspective – The Antioxidant Nutrients, Reactive Species,
and Disease

Multiple-Choice

Key Page(s)
a 419 1. Free radicals take electrons from all of the following EXCEPT _____.
a. calcitriol
b. DNA
c. proteins
d. PUFAs

b 420 2. Which antioxidant is most effective in rapidly eliminating hydroxyl radicals

prior to initiation of oxidative damage?
a. vitamin E
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin K
d. beta-carotene

a 422 3. Which antioxidant is most effective in terminating chain-propagation

reactions in cell membranes?
a. vitamin E
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin K
d. beta-carotene

b 423 4. The current thought about using antioxidant supplements to decrease risk to
cancer and heart disease is:
a. more is better.
b. eat antioxidant-rich foods instead.
c. vitamin E supplements work; β-carotene does not.
d. only vitamin C has much promise.

Short Answer (with suggested answer key)

Page(s)
420 1. Discuss the process by which superoxide dismutase (SOD), found in both the cytosol
and the mitochondria, interacts with microminerals to prevent cell damage.

Key: Grading rubric – answer should include the following items:

SOD quickly and effectively combines two superoxide molecules with two electrons to form
one molecule of oxygen and one molecule of hydrogen peroxide. The cytosolic form of SOD
depends on the presence of copper and zinc as cofactors for the reaction. The mitochondrial
SOD requires manganese.
423 2. Describe the role of antioxidants in reducing risk of coronary heart disease,
atherosclerosis, and cancer.

Key: Grading rubric – answer should include the following items:

The current working hypothesis is that overproduction (or under-removal by antioxidants) of
reactive oxygen/nitrogen species leads to sufficient damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids to
cause increased risk for chronic diseases. While much is known regarding the antioxidant
mechanisms occurring in vitro for the several antioxidant molecules and enzymes, it is still
unclear exactly how these various agents interact. Supplementation of several of these agents
may actually increase risk, whereas the natural sources—fruits, vegetables, and other plant
foods—provide a mixture that is consistently found to be protective. Current
recommendations regard the best protection against risk of chronic diseases to be a diet based
on a variety of plant foods providing many forms of antioxidants.
Another random document with
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which has already begun collecting and publishing. The Hon. Sec. is
G. Lawrence Gomme, Esq., Castelnau, Barnes.
X. Dialect. On this subject see the invaluable publications of the
“English Dialect Society,” now (1879) in the seventh year of its
existence. The hon. secretary is J. H. Nodal, Esq., The Grange,
Heaton Moor, Stockport. One of their publications, price 6s. to non-
subscribers, is “A List of Books relating to some of the counties of
England.” Halliwell’s “Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words” will
be found very useful.
XI. Poor Law and general Rating, history and statistics.
XII. Population, inhabited houses, and other census details at
different periods.
 INDEX.
Advowson, 76.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 16.

Armour, 89.

Attainders, 53.

Bacon’s “Liber Regis,” 82.

Banks’ “Dormant and Extinct Baronage,” 48.

Bateman’s “Ten Years Diggings,” 15.

Bells, 91.

Bigelow’s “Placita Anglo-Normannica,” 35.

Black Book of the Exchequer, 20.

Blount’s “Ancient Tenures,” 19.

Bloxam’s “Monumental Architecture,” 87.

Bohn’s “Antiquarian Series,” 16.

Boldon Book, 18.

Book of Ely, 17.

Book of Exeter, 17.

Book of Winchester, 18.

Borough Records, 56.

Boutell’s “Christian Monuments,” 88.

Brand’s “Popular Antiquities,” 107.

Brasses, 88.

Briefs, 74.

Burke’s “Armoury,” 89.

Burke’s “Landed Gentry,” 48.

Burn’s “Parish Registers,” 58.

Calamy’s “Ejected Ministers,” 81.

Chaffers’ “Hall Marks,” 91.

Chalmers’ “Biographical Dictionary,” 57.

Chambers’ “Divine Worship,” 92.

Chantries, 69.

Charities, 66.

Charnock’s “Local Etymology,” 14.

Charter Rolls, 25.

Church Details, 93-6.

Church, Description of, 84.

Church, History of, 67.

Churchwardens’ Accounts, 62.

Close Rolls, 24.

Collins’ “Peerage and Baronetage,” 48.

Commonwealth Survey, 73.

Constables’ Accounts, 62.

Corblet’s “Manuel Elémentaire,” 92.

Costume, 89.

County Records, 55.

Court of Chancery, 33.

Cowel’s “Interpreter,” 78.

Cussan’s “Heraldry,” 89.

Cutts’ “Incised Slabs,” 87.

Dialect, 108.

Dedication of Church, 81.

Domesday Book, 16, 67.

Domestic Architecture, 44.

Dugdale’s “Baronage,” 48.

Dugdale’s “Monasticon,” 101.

Ecton’s “Thesaurus,” 82.

Edmondson’s “Baronagium Genealogicum,” 48.

Edmund’s “Names of Places,” 14.

Ellacombe’s “Bells of the Church,” 91.

Ellis’ “Introduction to Domesday Book,” 17.

English Dialect Society, 108.

Episcopal Registers, 79.

Etymology, 13.

Fairholt’s “Costume,” 89.

Feet of Fines, 40.

Ferguson’s “River Names,” 15.

Ferguson’s “Teutonic Name System,” 15.

Fergusson’s “Rude Stone Monuments,” 15.

Fergusson’s “History of Architecture,” 48.

Feudal Tenure, 18.

Field Names, 13, 104.

Fine Rolls, 26.

Folk Lore, 107.

Folk Lore Society, 108.

Fonts, 90.

Forfeitures, 53.

Fosbrooke’s “Encyclopædia of Antiquities,” 44.

Fowler’s “Bells and Bell-ringing,” 91.

Fuller’s “Worthies,” 57.

General Topics, 103-8.

Glass, 89.

Gomme’s “Index of Municipal Offices,” 66.

Gough’s “Sepulchral Monuments,” 89.

Greenwell’s “British Barrows,” 15.

Guilds and Fraternities, 72.

Haines’ “Brasses,” 88.

Halliwell’s “Archaic Dictionary,” 108.

Hamilton’s “Quarter Sessions,” 56.

Heralds’ Visitations, 49.

Heraldic Church Notes, 73.

Heraldry, 89.

Hewitt’s “Ancient Armour,” 89.

Historical MSS. Commission, 56.

History of the Church, 67.

Holstein’s “Codex,” 103.

Hundred Rolls, 27.

Incised Slabs, 87.

Inclosure Acts, 106.

Inclosure Commissioners, 14, 106.

Incumbents, Lists of, 78.

Inquisitiones ad quod damnum, 39.

Inquisitiones post mortem, 36.

Inventories of Church Goods, 71, 92.

Itinerant Justices, 31.

Justices in Eyre, 31.

Justices of the Forest, 31.

Kemble’s “Saxons in England,” 16.

Knight’s Fees, 18.

Le Neve’s “Fasti,” 80.

Le Neve’s “Monumenta Anglicana,” 88.

Leo’s “Local Nomenclature,” 14.

Local Etymology, 13.

Lubbock’s “Scientific Lectures,” 15.

Maine’s “Village Communities,” 104.

Manorial History, 16.

Maps, 14.

Marshall’s “Genealogist’s Guide,” 49.

Marshall Rolls, 20.

Mayors of Boroughs, 54.

Members of Parliament, 54.

Merewether’s “History of Boroughs,” 57.

Monuments, 86.
Muster Rolls, 54.

Nichols’ “Collectanea,” 77.

Nicolas’ “Notitia Historica,” 53.

Nonarum Inquisitiones, 21.

Nonconformist Registers, 61.

“Notes and Queries,” 103.

North’s “Bells of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire,” 91.

Originalia, 26.

Overseers of the Poor, 62.

Paley’s “Fonts,” 90.

Papworth’s “Armorials,” 89.

Pardons, 53.

Parish Registers, 58.

Parker’s “Calendar,” 84.

Parker’s “Domestic Architecture,” 47.

Parker’s “Glossary of Architecture,” 86.

Parochial Records, 58.

Patent Rolls, 23.

Pedes Finium, 40.

Personal History, 48.

Pipe Rolls, 22.

Placita, 29.

Placita Itinerum, 32.

Plate, 91.

Prehistoric Remains, 15.

Quo Warranto Rolls, 32.

Re-consecration, 82.

Records of Assize, 32.

Recusant Rolls, 53.

Re-dedication, 83.

Religious Houses, 100.

“Reliquary,” 91.

Report on Enclosures, 106.

Report on Municipal Corporations, 57.

Report on Public Records, 53.

Restoration, 96.

Rock’s “Church of our Fathers,” 92.

Roger’s “History of Agriculture,” 106.

Rotuli Curiæ Regis, 30.

Scutage Rolls, 20.

Sequestrations, 53.

Sharpe’s “Seven Periods,” 86.

Sheriffs, 54.

Simpson’s “Fonts,” 90.

Sims’ “Index to Pedigrees,” 52.

Sims’ “Manual,” 39, 52, 54, 77, 87.

Stone Effigies, 89.

Stothard’s “Monumental Effigies,” 89.

Stubb’s “Registrum Sacrum,” 86.

Styles of Architecture, 84.

Tanner’s “Notitia,” 101.

Taylor’s “Words and Places,” 14.

Taxation of Pope Nicholas, 67.

Testa de Neville, 20.

Thomas’ “Handbook,” 42.

Thorpe’s “Diplomatarium Anglicum,” 16.

Tithe Commutation Maps, 14.

Toulmin Smith’s “English Guilds,” 73.

Toulmin Smith’s “Parish,” 65.

Valor Ecclesiasticus, 68.

Village Officers, 66.

Viollet-le-Duc’s “Military Architecture,” 46.

Walcott’s “Sacred Archæology,” 92.

Walker’s “Sufferings of the Clergy,” 81.

Weever’s “Funerall Monuments,” 87.

Wills, 52.

Winston’s “Glass Painting,” 89.

Wood’s “Athenæ,” 57.

Worrall’s “Bibliotheca Legum Angliæ,” 35.

Worsae’s “Primeval Antiquities,” 44.

Wright’s “Archæological Essays,” 44.

Wright’s “Court-Hand Restored,” 43, 60.

Year Books, 34.

Youlgreave Parish Records, 64.

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