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 CONTENTS

Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction: The Five-Step Program

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program

1 How to Approach Your AP Physics Course
Ignore Your Grade
Don’t Bang Your Head Against a Brick Wall
Work with Other People
Ask Questions When Appropriate
Keep an Even Temper
Don’t Cram
Never Forget, Physics is “Phun”
2 What You Need to Know About the AP Physics C
Exams
Background Information
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP
Physics C Exams
3 How to Plan Your Time
What Should I Study?
Understand Physics First, Then AP Physics C
A Word About Calculus
Three Different Study Schedules

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

 4 Fundamentals Quizzes
Mechanics Quiz
Electricity and Magnetism Quiz
Answers to Mechanics Quiz
Answers to Electricity and Magnetism Quiz
What Do I Know, and What Don’t I Know?
5 Take a Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
Answers and Explanations
Interpretation: How Ready Are You?

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

6 Memorizing Equations in the Shower
Can You Ace This Quiz?
So, How Did You Do?
Equations Are Crucial
What About the Free-Response Section?
Treat Equations Like Vocabulary
Answer Key to Practice Quiz
7 How to Approach Each Question Type
How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Section
How to Approach the Free-Response Section
Lab Questions
8 Extra Drill on Difficult but Frequently Tested
Topics
Tension
The Answers
Electric and Magnetic Fields
The Answers
Inclined Planes
 The Answers
Motion Graphs
The Answers
Simple Circuits
The Answers

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

9 Kinematics,
Introduction to Motion in a Straight Line
Graphical Analysis of Motion
Algebraic Analysis of Motion
What If Acceleration Isn’t Constant?
Air Resistance and the First-Order Differential Equation
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
10 Forces and Newton’s Laws
Describing Forces: Free-Body Diagrams
Determining the Net Force
Newton’s Third Law
Forces at Angles
This Chapter Was Not as Easy as You Thought
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
11 Momentum
Momentum and Impulse
Conservation of Momentum
Motion of the Center of Mass
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
 Two-Dimensional Collisions
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
12 Energy Conservation
Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem
Potential Energy
Conservation of Energy: Problem-Solving Approach
Springs
Power
Potential Energy vs. Displacement Graphs
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
13 Gravitation and Circular Motion
Velocity and Acceleration in Circular Motion
Centripetal Acceleration
Mass on a String
Car on a Curve
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Kepler’s Laws
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
14 Rotational Motion
Rotational Kinematics
Rotational Inertia
Torque
Newton’s Second Law for Rotation
Rotational Kinetic Energy
 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
15 Simple Harmonic Motion
Amplitude, Period, and Frequency
Vibrating Mass on a Spring
Pendulums
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
16 Electrostatics
Electric Charge
Electric Fields
Force of an Electric Field
Electric Potential
Special Geometries for Electrostatics
Gauss’s Law
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
17 Circuits
Current
Resistance and Ohm’s Law
Resistors in Series and in Parallel
The V-I-R Chart
Kirchoff’s Laws
Circuits from an Experimental Point of View
RC Circuits: Steady-State Behavior
RC Circuits: Transitional Behavior
 Inductors in Circuits
Other Circuits
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review
18 Magnetism
Magnetic Fields
Long, Straight, Current-Carrying Wires
Moving Charged Particles
Mass Spectrometry: More Charges Moving Through
Magnetic Fields
Induced EMF
The Biot-Savart Law and Ampere’s Law
Practice Problems
Solutions to Practice Problems
Rapid Review

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 1—Multiple-
Choice Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 1—Free-
Response Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 1
—Multiple-Choice Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 1
—Free-Response Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 1—Multiple-
Choice Solutions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 1—Free-
Response Solutions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 1
—Multiple-Choice Solutions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 1
—Free-Response Solutions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 2—Multiple-
Choice Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 2—Free-
Response Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 2
—Multiple-Choice Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 2
—Free-Response Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 2—Multiple-
Choice Solutions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 2—Free-
Response Solutions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 2
—Multiple-Choice Solutions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 2
—Free-Response Solutions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 3—Multiple-
Choice Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 3—Free-
Response Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 3
—Multiple-Choice Questions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 3
—Free-Response Questions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 3—Multiple-
Choice Solutions
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam 3—Free-
Response Solutions
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 3
—Multiple-Choice Solutions
 Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam 3
—Free-Response Solutions

Appendixes
Constants
Physics C Equations
Four-Minute Drill Prompts
Web Sites
Glossary
Bibliography
The Pantheon of Pizza
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I extend my thanks to Grace Freedson, who was the driving force

behind this book’s publication, and especially to Don Reis, who was
not only a superb editor but also an unwavering source of support. I
also appreciate Ruth Mills’s awesome work on the second edition
and Bev Weiler and Clara Wente’s careful and thorough editing of
the questions and example problems for the 2010–2011 edition.
Thank you to Chat Hull and Jessica Broaddus, veterans of my 2002
Physics B class, who provided the idea for two free-response
questions.
My 2004 students at Woodberry Forest School were extremely
helpful in the development of this book. It was they who served as
guinea pigs, reading chapters for clarity and correctness, making
suggestions, and finding mistakes. They are Andrew Burns, Jordan
Crittenden, David Fulton, Henry Holderness, Michael Ledwith, Johnny
Phillips, Rob Sellers, and Chris Straka from Physics C; Wes Abcouwer,
Wyatt Bone, Matt Brown, David Goodson, Bret Holbrook, Mike
Johnson, Rich Lane, Jake Miller, Jake Reeder, Charles Shackelford,
Beau Thomas, David Badham, Marks Brewbaker, Charlton
deSaussure, Palmer Heenan, Wilson Kieffer, Brian McCormick, Eli
Montague, Christian Rizzuti, Pierre Rodriguez, and Frazier Stowers
from Physics B; and Andy Juc, Jamie Taliaferro, Nathan Toms, Matt
Laughridge, Jamie Gardiner, Graham Gardiner, Robbie Battle, William
Crosscup, Jonas Park, Billy Butler, Bryan May, Fletcher Fortune, and
Stuart Coleman from the general physics class. Although Josh and I
bear responsibility for all errors in the text, the folks mentioned
above deserve credit for minimizing our mistakes.
The idea for the Four-Minute Drill came originally from Keen Johnson
Babbage, my seventh-grade social studies teacher. I’ve borrowed the
idea from him for over two decades of teaching AP. Thank you!
The faculty and administration at Woodberry, in particular Jim Reid,
the science department chairman, deserve mention. They have been
so supportive of me professionally.
Additional thanks go to members of my 2009 AP physics classes who
helped edit the practice tests: Min SuKim, Cannon Allen, Collins
MacDonald, Luke Garrison, Chris Cirenza, and Landon Biggs. And to
later students: Michael Bauer, Vinh Hoang, and Evan Sun.
Most important, I’d like to thank Shari and Milo Cebu for putting up
with me during all of my writing projects.
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

GREG JACOBS teaches AP Physics C, AP Physics 1, and conceptual

physics at Woodberry Forest School, the nation’s premier boarding
school for boys. He is a reader and consultant for the College Board
—this means he grades the AP Physics exams, and he runs
professional development seminars for other AP teachers. Greg is
president of the USAYPT, a nonprofit organization promoting physics
research at the high school level. Greg was honored as an AP
Teacher of the Year by the Siemens Foundation. Outside the
classroom, Greg has coached baseball, football, and debate. He
umpires high school baseball. He is the lead broadcaster for
Woodberry football, baseball, soccer, and basketball. Greg writes a
physics teaching blog available at
www.jacobsphysics.blogspot.com.
 INTRODUCTION: THE FIVE-
STEP PROGRAM

Welcome!
I know that preparing for the Advanced Placement (AP) Physics
exam can seem like a daunting task. There’s a lot of material to
learn, and some of it can be rather challenging. But I also know that
preparing for the AP exam is much easier—and much more
enjoyable—if you do it with a friendly guide. So let me introduce
myself; my name is Greg, and I’ll be your friendly guide for this
journey.

Why This Book?

To understand what makes this book unique, you should first know a
little bit about who I am. I have taught all versions of AP Physics
over the past two decades, helping more than 90% of my Physics C
students garner 5s on the exam. I am also an AP Physics table
leader—which means I set the rubrics for the AP exams and
supervise their scoring.
I know, from my own experiences and from talking with
countless other students and teachers, what you don’t need in a
review book. You don’t need to be overwhelmed with unimportant,
technical details; you don’t need to read confusing explanations of
arcane topics; you don’t need to be bored with a dull text.
Instead, what I think you do need—and what this book provides
—are the following:
• A text that’s written in clear, simple language.
• A thorough review of every topic you need to know for the AP
exam.
• Practice test questions that are exactly in the style and format of
the actual AP exams.

Organization of the Book: The Five-Step

Program
You will be taking a lengthy, comprehensive exam this May. You
want to be well prepared enough that the exam takes on the feel of
a command performance, not a trial by fire. Following the Five-Step
program is the best way to structure your preparation.

Step 1: Set Up Your Study Program

Physics does not lend itself well to cramming. Success on the AP
exam is invariably the result of diligent practice over the course of
months, not the result of an all-nighter on the eve of exam day. Step
1 gives you the background and structure you need before you even
start exam preparation.

Step 2: Determine Your Test Readiness

I have included a diagnostic test, of course, broken down by topic.
But more important to your preparation are the fundamentals
quizzes in Chapter 4. These quizzes, a unique feature of the 5 Steps
to a 5 program, are different from test-style problems.
A problem on the AP exam usually requires considerable problem
solving or critical thinking skills. Rare is the AP question that asks
about straightforward facts that you can memorize—you’ll get maybe
one of those on an entire 35-question multiple-choice test. Rather
than asking you to spit out facts, the AP exam asks you to use the
facts you know to reason deeply about a physical situation. But if
you don’t know the fundamental facts, you certainly won’t be able to
reason deeply about anything!
 Thus, a good place to start your test preparation is by quizzing
yourself. Find out what fundamental facts you know, and which you
need to know. The 5 Steps fundamentals quizzes will diagnose your
areas of strength and weakness. Once you can answer every
question on a fundamentals quiz quickly and accurately, you are
ready for deeper questions that will challenge you on the AP exam.

Step 3: Develop Strategies for Success

Yes, yes, I know you’ve been listening to general test-taking advice
for most of your life. Yet, I have physics-specific advice for you. An
AP physics test requires a dramatically different approach than does
a state standards test or an SAT.
I start you with the secret weapon in attacking an AP test:
memorizing equations. I explain why you should memorize, then I
suggest some ways to make the learning process smoother. Next, I
move on to discuss the major types of questions you’ll see on the AP
exam, and how to approach each with confidence.
Finally, I present you with drills on some of the most common
physics situations tested on the AP exams. These exercises will allow
you to conquer any fear or uncertainty you may have about your
skills.

Step 4: Review the Knowledge You Need to

Score High
This is a comprehensive review of all the topics on the AP exam.
Now, you’ve probably been in an AP Physics class all year; you’ve
likely read1 your textbook. This review is meant to be just that—
review, in a readable format, and focused exclusively on the AP
exam.
These review chapters are appropriate both for quick skimming,
to remind yourself of salient points, and for in-depth study, working
through each practice problem. I do not go into nearly as much
detail as a standard textbook; but the advantage of this lack of detail
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