Full Download Community Oral Health Practice For The Dental Hygienist 4th Edition Christine Test Bank All Chapter 2024 PDF
Full Download Community Oral Health Practice For The Dental Hygienist 4th Edition Christine Test Bank All Chapter 2024 PDF
Full Download Community Oral Health Practice For The Dental Hygienist 4th Edition Christine Test Bank All Chapter 2024 PDF
https://testbankfan.com/product/community-oral-health-practice-
for-the-dental-hygienis-3rd-edition-geurink-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/oral-pathology-for-the-dental-
hygienist-7th-edition-ibsen-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/oral-pathology-for-the-dental-
hygienist-6th-edition-ibsen-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/oral-pharmacology-for-the-dental-
hygienist-2nd-edition-weinberg-test-bank/
Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist 4th Edition
Perry Test Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/periodontology-for-the-dental-
hygienist-4th-edition-perry-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/applied-pharmacology-for-the-
dental-hygienist-8th-edition-haveles-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/local-anesthesia-for-the-dental-
hygienist-2nd-edition-logothetis-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/applied-pharmacology-for-the-
dental-hygienist-7th-edition-haveles-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/local-anesthesia-for-the-dental-
hygienist-1st-edition-logothetis-test-bank/
Chapter 06: Oral Health Programs in the Community
Beatty: Community Oral Health Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as what
percentage?
a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 70%
d. 80%
ANS: B
School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as 60%.
3. Which of the following helps define a best-practice approach to oral health programs?
a. Practices that seem to be true over time
b. Practices seen in clinical practice
c. Practices that are supported by evidence for impact and effectiveness
d. The consensus of what clinicians believe is true
ANS: C
The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD), Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), and other organizations/agencies recognize best-practice
approaches to oral health programs in order to promote health equity and quality of life,
eliminate oral health disparities, and achieve improved oral health and consequently overall
health for all populations. The ASTDD defines a best-practice approach as a public health
strategy that is supported by evidence for its impact and effectiveness.
5. Approximately what percentage of the states have full-time dental directors who provide
leadership and guidance in the planning, funding, and implementation of oral health
promotion programs for the residents of the states they serve?
a. 50%
b. 66%
c. 88%
d. 95%
ANS: B
State dental directors provide leadership and guidance for the state oral health programs
(SOHP). Approximately 88% of state dental directors are full time, representing a significant
increase in the number of states with full-time dental directors in the last decade. In addition
to the state dental directors, SOHPs employ regional dental directors, public health educators,
clinical dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants who provide oral health services to
underserved populations.
6. Many individual county and city health departments have federally funded clinics that offer
services on a sliding scale fee schedule and accept clients who receive public assistance
through which of the following?
a. Medicare
b. Medicaid
c. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
d. Workforce development
ANS: B
Many of these clinics are federally funded, offering services on a sliding scale fee schedule
and accepting clients who receive public assistance through Medicaid. Hours of clinic
operation are tailored to best meet the needs of the population they serve. The clinics provide
diagnostic, preventive, and restorative oral health services to older adults, the indigent
population, and the working poor. In addition, some of these clinics operate sealant, oral
health education, and other preventive programs in local schools.
7. Which of the following is true of essential public health services for oral health?
a. Describes the roles of a community initiative
b. Developed by the environmental protection agency (EPA)
c. Used in the development and evaluation of public health activities at the state level
ANS: C
The core public health functions (assessment, policy development, and assurance) and the
essential public health services to promote oral health developed by ASTDD shape the basic
practice of dental public health. These guidelines describe the roles of state oral health
programs and have been used in the development and evaluation of public health activities at
the state level.
9. The community is viewed as the patient in public health, and which of the following can be
compared with the evaluation of the patient’s treatment?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
ANS: D
Evaluation and review of the program can be compared with the evaluation of the patient’s
treatment. The community survey is comparable to the patient’s examination for assessment.
The program plan and implementation are similar to the treatment plan and the treatment of
the patient.
13. Developing goals and objectives during the development of an oral health program in the
community is part of which of the following processes?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
ANS: B
Developing goals, objectives, and program activities is part of the planning process. During
this stage, it is essential to have community involvement and participation. The formulation of
program goals and objectives is an active process, offering specific proposals for changes to
be made in the community.
15. Which area of program planning describes how the objectives will be accomplished?
a. Program goals
b. Program objectives
c. Program activities (interventions)
d. Program implementation
ANS: C
Program activities describe how the objectives will be accomplished. In planning these
program activities, one must carefully consider the type of resources available as well as
program restraints.
16. The “WHAT” in the implementation strategy development should address which of the
following?
a. The organization responsible for each action step
b. The activities required to achieve the objectives
c. The chronologic sequence of the action steps
d. What materials, methods, media are needed
ANS: B
The implementation phase of a program includes the ongoing process of putting the plan into
action and monitoring the plan’s activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies. The
“WHAT” addressed the activities required to achieve the objectives. The organization
responsible for each action step addresses the “who”; the chronologic sequence of the action
steps answers the “when”; what materials, methods, media are needed answers the “how.”
17. Using a smaller population for a community oral health program with the intent to expand
later on is called:
a. test marketing.
b. pilot testing.
c. a stratified sample.
d. testing the waters.
ANS: B
For ease in addressing these questions, many community oral health programs begin on a
small scale; it is called pilot testing. This implementation strategy allows an opportunity for
formative evaluation of the program operation and provides ease in control and monitoring of
the program activities. A pilot program provides useful information and enables decisions to
be made about the future of the program.
18. Which of the following is the first step in evaluation of a community oral health program?
a. Examine the specific measurable objectives.
b. Evaluate the measurable outcomes.
c. Perform pilot testing.
d. Review the program goals.
ANS: D
The first step in evaluation is to review the program goals and then examine the specific
measurable objectives. The data that are obtained through measuring the objectives are called
the measurable outcomes. Each objective should be reviewed to determine how well it is
meeting the program goals.
19. Which of the following is true for evaluation of a community oral health program?
a. Evaluation determines whether the program accomplishes what it was designed to
accomplish.
b. A summary of what went well and what did not is adequate.
c. A negative outcome means that the program has been a failure.
d. Drawing conclusions based on intuition is adequate.
ANS: A
Evaluation determines whether or not a program has accomplished what it was designed to
accomplish. The objectives themselves must be specifically addressed. Summarizing what
went well and what did not or drawing conclusions based on intuition is not appropriate or
adequate. A negative outcome does not mean that the program has been a failure.
20. If the objectives of a community health program are not met, it does not mean a program is a
failure for which of the following reasons?
a. The workers were reimbursed for their time.
b. If a program is evaluated properly, in some sense it has been a success.
c. Some form of care was delivered to the public.
d. At least the implementers tried.
ANS: B
Inherent in program evaluation is the possibility of attaining a negative outcome, that is, the
conclusion that the objectives have not been met. At the same time, however, this does not
mean that the program has been a failure. If a program is evaluated properly so that negative
outcomes become learning experiences and indicators of future programming and research, in
some sense it has been a success.
21. Which of the following has been recognized as one of the top 10 public health measures of the
twentieth century?
a. Cosmetic bonding
b. Fluoridation of water
c. Silver dental amalgam
d. Porcelain fused to metal crowns
ANS: B
Fluoridation has been recognized as one of the top 10 public health measures of the twentieth
century. As a result of the general availability of public water sources to most people, the
adjustment of the natural fluoride content found in the water to levels optimal for combating
oral disease has proven to be a successful public health measure.
22. The average number of decayed, missing (because of caries), or filled permanent teeth
(DMFT) steadily declined from 1967 to 1992 in the United States because of:
a. improved oral hygiene.
b. populations residing in fluoridated water communities.
c. improvements in the design of toothbrushes.
d. the use of dental floss.
ANS: B
The average number of DMFT steadily declined from 1967 to 1992 because of populations
residing in fluoridated water communities.
23. The total population receiving community water fluoridation in 2012 was approximately
which of the following?
a. 41.5%
b. 51.5%
c. 61.5%
d. 74.6%
ANS: D
In 2012, approximately 282.5 million people or 74.6% on public water systems had access to
optimally fluoridated water. The Healthy People 2020 objective for water fluoridation is to
increase the proportion of the population served by community water systems with optimally
fluoridated water to the target goal of 79.6% of the population by 2020.
24. The mean annual per capita cost is lower in community water fluoridation systems for larger
populations than it is for smaller populations. The optimal level for water fluoridation is 7.0
ml F per liter of water regardless of climatic conditions.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
ANS: A
Community water fluoridation is cost saving, even for small communities. An economic
evaluation published in 2001 estimated an annual per person cost savings ranging from $16 in
very small communities of 5000 or less to nearly $19 for larger communities of 20,000 or
more. In 1962, the DHHS recommended levels for water fluoridation ranging from 0.7 to 1.2
ppm F, depending on the average daily temperature for the area. The range was based on the
hypothesis that water consumption increased with increasing climatic temperature. This
recommendation remained in place until 2015, when the Public Health Service issued the final
recommendation that the optimal fluoride level be changed to 0.7 ml F per liter of water
regardless of climatic conditions.
25. Reasons for the 2015 PHS recommendation that the optimal fluoride level be changed to 0.7
ml F per liter of water regardless of climatic conditions include which of the following?
a. A trend of increasing prevalence of fluorosis where multiple sources of fluoride
are available.
b. The controlled climate results in similar water intake across the United States
c. Increase in access to multiple fluoride sources.
d. A trend of increasing prevalence of fluorosis where multiple sources of fluoride
are available. The controlled climate results in similar water intake across the
United States. Increase in access to multiple fluoride sources.
ANS: D
The recommended levels for water fluoridation no longer depend on daily temperature for that
area. The reasons for the recommended change were (1) an increase in access to multiple
sources of fluoride today, (2) a trend of increasing prevalence of fluorosis in the population
attributed to the multiple sources of fluoride, and (3) the controlled climatic environment with
air conditioning, resulting in similar water intake across the nation regardless of climatic
conditions.
26. Which of the following offers the benefits of fluoride in a structured environment in
communities where a public water source is not available or where community water
fluoridation is undesired for various reasons?
a. Fluoridated salt
b. Fluoride supplemented sports drinks
c. School-based fluoride mouth rinse programs
d. Fluoridated chewing gum
ANS: C
School-based fluoride mouth rinse programs offer the benefits of fluoride in a structured
environment. The mouth rinse program is administered by school personnel or volunteers on a
weekly basis to participating children. The protocol includes a 60-second rinse with 10 mL of
0.2% sodium fluoride.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 157 OBJ: 4
TOP: COMMUNITY HEALTH/RESEARCH PRINCIPLES 2.0 Participating in Community
Programs, 2.1 Assessing Populations and Defining Objectives
29. Which of the following is the most cost-effective, most practical, and safest means of
preventing tooth decay?
a. Dental sealants
b. Regular dental visits
c. Community water fluoridation
d. Fluoride varnish
ANS: C
Even though other sources of fluoride are available and despite the increased risk of fluorosis,
community water fluoridation remains the most cost-effective, the most practical, and the
safest means of preventing tooth decay. Additionally, community water fluoridation provides
dental caries prevention for the entire population regardless of age, socioeconomic status,
educational attainment, or other social variables.
32. To reach the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing the proportion of children who have
received dental sealants on their molar teeth, many states have instituted:
a. reimbursement through dental insurance programs.
b. expansion of dental assisting and dental hygiene educational programs.
c. school-based sealant programs (SBSP).
d. educational grants for sealant placement in public health programs.
ANS: C
Many states have instituted SBSP. In some programs, mobile dental vans are sent to schools,
and the sealants are applied in the van. In other programs, portable equipment is transported
from school to school and is set up in available space.
34. Most dental educational programs have been implemented for which of the following groups?
a. Children
b. Adolescents
c. Adults
d. The elderly
ANS: A
Many large-scale oral health education programs have been focused on children, with the
thought that they are the future of society. The school setting is ideal to reach children and,
through them, their families, community members, and organizations.
35. The type of teaching method that encourages active participation is which of the following?
a. Discussion
b. Discovery learning
c. Collaborative and cooperative learning activities
d. Discussion, discovery learning, and collaborative and cooperative learning
ANS: D
Discussion, discovery learning, and collaborative and cooperative learning activities all
encourage active participation.
36. Approximately what percentage of adults (aged 18 to 24) visit a dental office yearly?
a. 28%
b. 45%
c. 62%
d. 83%
ANS: C
Approximately 62% of U.S. adults (aged 18 to 24) visit a dental office yearly. Various
barriers are responsible for people failing to seek dental care or seeking it only in
emergencies, including cost, limited geographic access, low oral health literacy, language,
cultural barriers, fear, and the belief that dental care is only important when in pain.
38. The population in need of both primary and secondary prevention and tertiary care is which of
the following?
a. Children
b. Adolescents
c. Young adults
d. Older adults
ANS: D
An expanding population in need of both primary prevention and secondary and tertiary care
is the older adult population. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the number of Americans
aged 65 and older will reach 89 million, twice as many as recorded in 2010. The growth of
this population is expected to impact every facet of American society.
39. Which of the following federal initiatives that provide funding to states administers the Head
Start program?
a. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
b. Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
c. Children’s Health Insurance Plan Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA)
d. Medicaid (Title XIX)
ANS: B
Administration for ACF, an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, is
responsible for 60 programs that provide assistance to needy children and families, including
the administration of the Head Start program. HS was founded in 1965 as part of President
Johnson’s War on Poverty. Congress passed the most recent HS Reauthorization Act in 2007,
set to run through 2012. Congressional funding has continued since 2012 even though the
program has not yet been re-authorized by Congress.
40. A federally qualified health center (FQHC) has been designated by the federal government by
adhering to regulations pertaining to the scope and quality of health services provided to
which of the following segment of the population?
a. Those individuals with a substance abuse problem
b. Anyone, regardless of ability to pay
c. Only those older than 18 years of age
d. Military and ex-military personnel
ANS: B
An FQHC has been designated by the federal government by adhering to regulations
pertaining to the scope and quality of health services provided to anyone, regardless of ability
to pay.
41. From 1965 until the most recent Head Start Reauthorization in December 2007, eligibility for
Head Start services was at or below what percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL)?
a. 40%
b. 60%
c. 80%
d. 100%
ANS: D
Eligibility was at or below 100% of the FPL. The 2010 FPL for a family of four is $22,050.
42. The 2007 Reauthorization of Head Start allows Head Start programs to serve up to what
percentage of children whose family income is up to 130% of the federal poverty level (FPL)?
a. 20%
b. 35%
c. 50%
d. 65%
ANS: B
It allows Head Start programs to serve up to 35% of children whose family income is up to
130% of the FPL. For a family of four, this is $28,665.
44. The Early Head Start program was established in fiscal year 1995 to serve children from birth
to what age?
a. 1 year
b. 2 years
c. 3 years
d. 4 years
ANS: C
It was established to serve children from birth to age 3 years. Sixty-eight Early Head Start
programs were awarded funds in 1995. In 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act increased funding for Early Head Start by $1.1 billion, which will result in Early Head
Start being able to serve 55,000 more pregnant women, infants, and toddlers and their
families.
DIF: Application REF: p. 163 OBJ: 6
TOP: COMMUNITY HEALTH/RESEARCH PRINCIPLES 2.0 Participating in Community
Programs, 2.2 Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Programs
45. Which of the following agencies receives the most Head Start funding?
a. Tribal governments or consortia
b. Private and public nonprofit agencies
c. Government agencies
d. Community action agencies
ANS: B
Private and public nonprofit agencies (37%) received the most, followed by community action
agencies (32%), public and private schools (17%), government agencies (7%), and tribal
governments or consortia (7%).
46. Which of the following is the most common health defect in Head Start children?
a. Asthma
b. Dental decay
c. Juvenile diabetes
d. Obesity
ANS: B
In 1972, the Office of Head Start (OHS) published a series of training and technical assistance
educational materials known as the Rainbow Series. The guide on Dental Services discusses
the importance of dental care for the preschool child and states that “Dental decay is the single
most common health defect in Head Start children.”
47. During much of the 1990s, which of the following was the number one health issue affecting
Head Start programs nationwide?
a. Lack of funding
b. Lack of motivation
c. Poor access to oral health services
d. Poor compliance
ANS: C
Poor access to oral health services was the number one health issue affecting Head Start
programs nationwide as reported by Head Start directors, training and technical assistance
providers, and Administration for Children and Families Regional Office Head Start program
specialists.
49. Dental hygienists and dental hygiene students interested in working with Head Start programs
should contact their ______________________ to determine the level of services presently
being offered and how best to organize efforts and get involved.
a. component dental hygiene organization
b. state senator or representative
c. State Dental Hygienists’ Association
d. A and C
ANS: D
They should contact their State Dental Hygienists’Association and their component dental
hygiene organization. Dental hygienists also can locate a Head Start center directly by visiting
the website www.adah.org/publichealth/index.html and following the link entitled “Find a
Head Start Center Near You.”
52. Head Start and Early Head Start programs are monitored every ________ years to ensure
compliance with federal Program Performance Standards.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 9
ANS: A
They are monitored every 3 years to ensure compliance.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. All Head Start and Early Head Start programs must follow a set of federal program
performance standards in which of the following service areas? (Select all that apply.)
a. Child development and health
b. Family and community partnerships
c. Program design and management
ANS: A, B, C
All Head Start and Early Head Start programs must follow a set of federal program
performance standards in each of the following service areas: child development and health,
family and community partnerships, and program design and management.
Croustades of Bread
Shape stale bread cut in two
and one-half inch slices into
boxes, using a biscuit cutter; with
a smaller cutter stamp out centre,
being careful not to cut through.
The wall of boxes should be one-
Croustades of Bread third inch thick. Place boxes on a
plate and baste them with egg diluted with cold milk, using two
tablespoons milk to each egg. Season egg with salt, and when each
box is well-soaked, drain, lift carefully with a spatula, place in a
croquette basket and fry in deep, hot fat. Drain on brown paper and
fill with creamed chicken, sweetbreads, mushrooms, brains, etc.
Pudding Sauces
Creamy Sauce
2 cups whipped cream.
Confectioner’s sugar.
Brandy, sherry wine and a few grains nutmeg or vanilla extract.
Vanilla Sauce
½ cup sugar.
1 tablespoon cornstarch.
⅛ teaspoon salt.
1 cup boiling water.
2 tablespoons butter.
1 teaspoon vanilla.
Peach Canapes
Saute circles of stale sponge cake in butter until delicately
browned. Rub the left-over canned peaches drained from their liquor
through a sieve, sweeten with powdered sugar, add a few drops
lemon juice and a slight grating nutmeg. Pile peach pulp on circles of
cake, mask with whipped cream sweetened and flavored, delicately,
with peach extract. Serve as dessert.
Hard Sauce
⅓ cup butter.
1 cup Confectioner’s sugar.
½ teaspoon vanilla.
½ teaspoon lemon.
Coffee Jelly
2 tablespoons granulated gelatin.
⅓ cup cold water.
1 cup boiling water.
6 tablespoons sugar.
2 cups left-over coffee.
½ teaspoon vanilla.
The small bits of jelly added to a berry pie will materially improve
the richness of its juice, or it may be added to the mince meat, but
should never be thrown away. The tablespoonful of apple and other
sauces left-over may be used in a similar way.
The leaves and roots of celery, as well as the outer stocks, may
all be used either for making cream of celery soup or for flavoring the
soup stock.
The onion from which a slice has been cut, should be turned “cut
side” down on a saucer, and covered with a cup or small bowl, and
set aside in a cool place for future use.
When using garlic, break off one section, called “a clove of garlic,”
in cooking parlance. The remainder of bulb will keep some time if
kept dry.
The outer leaves of lettuce, if not wilted and torn, may be cut in
shreds or ribbons and used to garnish salad or cold meat dishes.
Brown bread may be dried, then crumbed and used in ice cream
or bisque, and will take the place of macaroons very palatably.
Transcriber’s Note
Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent
hyphenation in the text. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left
unchanged. Misspelled words were not corrected. Final stops
missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEFT-OVER
FOODS AND HOW TO USE THEM ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms
of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using
the method you already use to calculate your applicable
taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate
royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or
are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns.
Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.F.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.