Full Download World History Before 1600 The Development of Early Civilization Volume I 5th Edition Upshur Test Bank All Chapter 2024 PDF
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Chapter 5 – Disruption and Renewal in West Asia and Europe
IDENTIFICATION
1. Diaspora
ANS:
2. Essenes
ANS:
3. Josephus
ANS:
4. Masada
ANS:
5. Pharisees
ANS:
6. Qumran
ANS:
7. Sadducees
ANS:
8. Sanhedrin
ANS:
9. Sicarii
ANS:
10. Talmud
ANS:
11. Zealots
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement about Judaism or Jewish-Roman relations in the early Roman Empire is false?
a. There were divergences among groups such as the Sadducees and Pharisees.
b. The Zealots and Sicarii urged armed insurrection.
c. The revolt of 66-70 C.E. ended in a treaty favorable to the Jews.
d. The destruction of the temple in Jerusalem permanently embittered Jews against Romans.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 224-225
7. The scattering of Jews around the eastern Mediterranean in the aftermath of the destruction of
Jerusalem is known as
a. Holocaust.
b. deportation.
c. Diaspora.
d. pogrom.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 224-225
8. Which of the following was not among the requirements that members of the Qumran community had
to abide by?
a. to be just in dealings with others
b. to be truthful
c. to be pious toward God
d. to be baptized
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 226
1. What effect did the loss of their temple at Jerusalem have on the attitudes and observances of devote
Jews?
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
Early Christianity
IDENTIFICATION
1. Augustine
ANS:
ANS:
3. codex
ANS:
4. Constantine
ANS:
5. Edict of Milan
ANS:
6. Edict of Toleration
ANS:
7. Eucharist
ANS:
8. Galerius
ANS:
9. Gospels
ANS:
ANS:
11. Jerome
ANS:
12. Jesus
ANS:
13. Nicene Creed
ANS:
14. papacy
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Among the more recent religious imports to the early Roman Empire were the cults of
a. Jupiter and Bacchus.
b. Bacchus and Cybele.
c. Cybele and Isis.
d. Isis and Mithras.
e. none of these
ANS: D REF: p. 228
5. The temptation of Jesus during his forty days and nights in the desert is somewhat like the temptation
of
a. Buddha.
b. Zoroaster.
c. Shiva.
d. Zeus.
e. Mithras.
ANS: A REF: p. 228
7. Which of the following statements about Jesus, as he is described in the Gospels, is false?
a. He respected the Jewish scriptures and agreed with the Pharisees on matters of Sabbath
observance, food laws, and ritual purity.
b. He believed the Sadducees had corrupted the Jerusalem Temple for personal gain.
c. He was popular with the masses.
d. Roman and Jewish officials arrested, tried, convicted, and crucified him as an agitator.
e. none of these
ANS: A REF: p. 229
9. The first recorded persecution of Christians took place during the reign of
a. Augustus.
b. Nero.
c. Domitian.
d. Diocletian.
e. Galerius.
ANS: B REF: p. 229
10. The Emperor Trajan, in his letter to Pliny the Younger regarding policy to be followed in dealing with
Christians, said that
a. they should be hunted down.
b. those who try to deny that they are (or were) Christian should not be acquitted.
c. if they are brought before you and convicted, they should be punished.
d. all of these choices
e. none of these
ANS: C REF: p. 229
12. By the end of the fourth century, the only legal religions in the Roman Empire were
a. Judaism and Christianity.
b. Christianity and Greco-Roman paganism.
c. Christianity and Mithraism.
d. Zoroastrianism and Christianity.
e. none of these pairs
ANS: A REF: p. 231
SHORT ANSWER
ANS:
2. Summarize the contributions of Paul of Tarsus to the growth of Christianity. Describe both his shaping
of doctrine and his practical work to spread the faith.
ANS:
ANS:
Upheaval and Transition in Western Europe
IDENTIFICATION
1. Aachen
ANS:
ANS:
3. Attila
ANS:
4. Benedict of Nursia
ANS:
5. Burgundy
ANS:
6. Carolingian Renaissance
ANS:
7. Charlemagne
ANS:
8. Clovis
ANS:
9. Erik the Red
ANS:
10. feudalism
ANS:
11. Franks
ANS:
12. Huns
ANS:
ANS:
14. Lombards
ANS:
15. Magyars
ANS:
16. Odoacer
ANS:
17. Ostrogoths
ANS:
18. Pepin
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
21. Vandals
ANS:
22. vassal
ANS:
23. Vikings
ANS:
24. Vinland
ANS:
25. Visigoths
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Besides nobles, the only fully free persons in the early Germanic states of western Europe were
a. soldiers and artisans.
b. merchants and clergy.
c. serfs and merchants.
d. property owners and serfs.
e. none of these
ANS: B REF: p. 236
2. The movement of these nomad horsemen westward out of the steppes of Asia resulted in increased
pressure on the borders of the Roman Empire. The same people fought with the forces of the Han
Empire.
a. Huns
b. Burgundians
c. Visigoths
d. Ostrogoths
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 234
3. Not among the reasons that have been suggested for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire is
a. Christianity.
b. economic collapse.
c. lead poisoning.
d. soil exhaustion.
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 235
4. The best explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire in the west is
a. depopulation due to plague.
b. protracted drought.
c. slavery as a disincentive to technological advance.
d. intensified barbarian pressure directed against thinly spread defense forces.
e. none of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 235
5. Which of the following is NOT true about Germanic rulers in the years following the collapse of the
Western Roman Empire?
a. They incorporated both Christian and Roman elements into their government.
b. They used Latin in royal documents and law codes.
c. They continued to regard their subjects as pagans.
d. They anointed their kings at coronation.
e. They regarded the defense of the faith as a royal duty.
ANS: C REF: p. 238
6. King Clovis
a. was baptized a Roman Catholic Christian shortly before 500.
b. was an Arian Christian, like most Germanic peoples.
c. lost considerable territories during struggles with the Visigoths and Burgundians.
d. was constantly at odds with the Byzantine emperor.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 238
7. Not among the territories under the control of the Carolingian Empire was that of present-day
a. France.
b. Belgium.
c. Luxembourg.
d. Netherlands.
e. Greece.
ANS: E REF: p. 240
8. In 800, this Pope crowned Charlemagne the Emperor of Rome, thus exalting him above the other
Germanic rulers.
a. Adrian I
b. Leo III
c. Stephen IV
d. Gregory IV
e. Leo IV
ANS: B REF: p. 239
9. Around 500 C.E., the group that was not prominent in western Europe was the
a. Franks.
b. Burgundians.
c. Alemanni.
d. Vikings.
e. Saxons.
ANS: D REF: p. 237
10. Which of the following territories was NOT added to the expanding Frankish Kingdom by
Charlemagne?
a. Bavaria
b. The Duchy of Benevento
c. Venetia
d. Brittany
e. The Spanish March
ANS: B REF: p. 240
11. Not among the problems the Christian faced in western Europe in first few centuries after the fall of
the Roman Empire was
a. reduction of its territory owing to the expansion of Islam.
b. doctrinal and organizational differences between Greek and Latin churches.
c. prevalence of superstition.
d. a clergy too absorbed in education and theological learning.
e. none of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 240-241
12. What percentage of surviving Roman literature was passed on to later ages in Carolingian manuscript
form?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
e. 90
ANS: E REF: p. 243
14. Not among the areas that the Vikings conquered or made expeditions to was
a. England.
b. France.
c. Russia.
d. Newfoundland.
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 244
SHORT ANSWER
1. Why did the western but not the eastern half of the Roman Empire fall in the fifth century?
ANS:
2. Describe briefly the character and operation of early Germanic kingship.
ANS:
3. What were the basic responsibilities of dukes and counts in the Carolingian system of government?
ANS:
4. What was the traditional German custom of dividing property among a deceased father's sons? How
did it complicate the issue of dynastic succession?
ANS:
5. Discuss the role of counts and dukes within the Carolingian state.
ANS:
ANS:
7. Describe the cultural and literary activities that justify the term "Carolingian Renaissance."
ANS:
IDENTIFICATION
1. Anselm of Bec
ANS:
2. Black Death
ANS:
3. chansons de geste
ANS:
4. Cistercians
ANS:
5. Curia
ANS:
6. Dante Alighieri
ANS:
7. Dominicans
ANS:
8. Edward I
ANS:
9. fabliaux
ANS:
ANS:
11. Franciscans
ANS:
12. Genoa
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
15. guild
ANS:
16. Hansa
ANS:
17. Henry II
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
21. Magna Carta
ANS:
22. manor
ANS:
23. Parliament
ANS:
ANS:
25. Philip IV
ANS:
ANS:
27. romance
ANS:
ANS:
29. scholasticism
ANS:
30. Song of Roland
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
33. Venice
ANS:
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. Which of the following was not an area of significant trade in medieval Europe?
a. Spain
b. Italy
c. northern Scandinavia
d. central Europe
e. France
ANS: C REF: p. 248
7. By the thirteenth century, the primary merchants of northern Europe were the
a. Scandinavians.
b. Germans.
c. English.
d. Vikings.
e. Jews.
ANS: B REF: p. 248
8. By the late fourteenth century, the Italian city that profited most from trade relations with the east was
a. Venice.
b. Pisa.
c. Rome.
d. Naples.
e. Palermo.
ANS: A REF: p. 248
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Figs. 570, 571.—Plantago
media.
Fig. 570.—Diagram of
Plantago media.
Fig. 573.-Myosotis.
Inflorescence and gynœceum.
Order 3. Verbenaceæ. The majority are shrubs; a few are herbs or trees (Teak-
tree); some are lianes. The branches are often square. The leaves are opposite or
verticillate, without stipules; in some compound. The inflorescences are racemes,
spikes, capitula, or dichasia. Five sepals; five petals in a gamopetalous,
zygomorphic corolla, which is often bilabiate, but rarely to such an extent as in the
Labiatæ, and the upper lip in some is larger than the under, in others smaller;
stamens four didynamous, or two; the ovary is entire (not grooved or divided), 1- or
2-locular, or, as in the Labiatæ, divided into four loculi with an erect ovule in each,
but in some the anterior carpel is suppressed. One terminal style. The fruit is, e.g.
in Verbena, a 4 partite schizocarp with nut-like fruitlets; in Vitex (digitate leaves) a
drupe with a 4-locular stone; in Clerodendron a similar fruit, with four free stones;
in Lantana a bilocular stone, or two unilocular stones. The radicle is turned
downwards. Endosperm small or absent.—Lippia, Stachytarpheta, Bouchea, Priva,
Citharexylon, Callicarpa, etc.—The Verbenaceæ are closely allied to the Labiatæ;
they differ especially in the ovary not being 4-lobed with gynobasic style, but
undivided, almost spherical or ovoid with a terminal style. Again, the leaves are not
so constantly opposite, and the inflorescences are various.
730 species; especially in the Tropics; there are several in America, especially
Lantana-species; shrubby weeds.—Many of those mentioned are ornamental
plants, especially Verbena; Vitex agnus castus is a S. European shrub. Lippia
citriodora (S. Am.) etc., have strongly-scented leaves; the Teak tree (Tectona
grandis) is one of the largest trees in East India, and has a very hard wood.
Avicennia is allied to this order; it inhabits the Mangrove swamps on tropical
coasts. The endosperm emerges from the ovule, carrying the embryo with it; the
embryo ultimately bursts the endosperm and lies free in the loculus of the fruit; this
is then filled by the embryo with its large, green cotyledons, which are borne on an
already hairy or rooted stem. The seedling thus developed falls from the tree,
together with the fruit, and strikes root in the mud. One special cell of the
endosperm at an earlier period becomes a highly-developed organ of suction,
growing into a much-branched sac, very rich in protoplasm.
Order 4. Labiatæ. The special characteristics are: the square
stem, the opposite leaves (without stipules), the inflorescences
which are formed by two double unipared scorpioid cymes, the
labiate corolla, the 4 didynamous stamens (the posterior being
entirely suppressed) (Fig. 574), and the 4-partite schizocarp with nut-
like fruitlets. The floral formula is S5, P5, A5 (the posterior stamen is
generally absent), G2.
Fig. 574.—Diagram of Lamium album: sv dichasia.
They are chiefly aromatic plants (herbs, shrubs, e.g. Lavender, or
trees), volatile oil being formed in internal cells or in the glandular
hairs, which cover all green parts. The stem is always more or less
markedly square; the leaves are borne upon the flat sides, and are
simple and penninerved, but vary in the other characters. The
inflorescences are double unipared scorpioid cymes, which may be
situated at some distance from one another in the axils of the
foliage-leaves (Fig. 575 A), but frequently when the subtending
leaves are bract-like, they are crowded into spike-like inflorescences
(Lavandula, Mentha, Salvia, etc.), each of the so-called “whorls”
(verticillaster, glomerulus) being a double unipared scorpioid cyme
(Fig. 574). (Solitary flowers are found in e.g. Scutellaria, and
Origanum). The calyx is strongly gamosepalous, 5-toothed, often
bilabiate (Fig. 575 B). The corolla is strongly bilabiate (Figs. 575,
576, etc.), with 2 lobes in the upper lip and 3 lobes in the under lip
(an approach to regularity occurs only when the upper lip is small,
and thus resembles one lobe, as in Mentha (Fig. 578) and Lycopus,
so that the corolla approaches the 4-merous corolla of Veronica and
Plantago). The posterior stamen in the diagram (Fig. 574*) is entirely
suppressed; in most of the genera the posterior lateral stamens are
the smaller (Fig. 575 D), and are entirely suppressed in some (see
below); in others, e.g. Nepeta, they are the longer. 2 stamens are
found in Salvia, Rosmarinus, Lycopus, etc. The two halves of the
anthers are often separated from one another, and are placed at an
angle with each other. The gynœceum has 1 style with a bifid
extremity (Fig. 575 C) bearing the stigma; the true bilocular ovary is
divided by a false partition-wall into 4 loculi, each with 1 erect ovule
(Fig. 575 H). These 4 loculi project so strongly that the ovary
becomes deeply 4-lobed with the style situated in the centre of the
lobes and at their base, “gynobasic” (Figs. 575, 579). A ring-like,
often crenate, nectary surrounds the base of the ovary (Fig. 575 G,
H). The embryo in this order, as in the Verbenaceæ, is directed
downwards (Fig. 575 J) (it is directed upwards in the Boraginaceæ,
which have an entirely similar fruit). Endosperm absent.
Fig. 575.—Thymus vulgaris.
The 142 genera are mainly distinguished according to the form of the calyx and
corolla, the number, direction, and length of the stamens, the forms of the nuts,
etc.