New Aircraft Maintenance Hangars at KAIA Specifications

SECTION 221313 - FACILITY SANITARY SEWERS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specifications, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes: (Used outside the building for sanitary sewer, industrial waste and grey water
drainage networks)

1. Pipe and fittings

2. Non-pressure and pressure couplings.
3. Expansion joints and deflection fittings
4. Backwater valves.
5. Cleanouts.
6. Encasement for piping.
7. Manholes.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. uPVC - Unplasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following:

1. Expansion joints and deflection fittings.

2. Backwater valves.

B. Shop Drawings: For manholes. Include plans, elevations, sections, details, and frames and covers.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data and installation instructions for
system materials and products.

B. Shop Drawings: for manholes. Include plans, elevations, sections, details, ladder, and frames and
covers.

C. Coordination Drawings: Show pipe sizes, locations, and elevations. Include details of
underground structures and connections. Show other piping in same trench and clearances from
sewer system piping. Indicate interface and spatial relationship between manholes, piping, and
proximate structures.

D. Profile Drawings: Show system piping in elevation. Draw profiles at horizontal and vertical scale
as required in Exhibit D. Indicate manholes and piping. Show types, sizes, materials, and
elevations of other utilities crossing system piping.

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E. As-Built Drawings: At project close-out, submit record drawings of installed pipework and
products, in accordance with requirements of the Specification, Division 1.

F. Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and parts lists for system materials and products.
Include this data, product data, Shop Drawings, and submit drawings in maintenance manual; in
accordance with requirements of the Specification, Division 1.

G. Product Certificates: For each type of product, from manufacturer.

H. Field quality-control reports.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Do not store plastic manholes, pipe, and fittings in direct sunlight.

B. Protect pipe, pipe fittings, and seals from dirt and damage.

C. Handle manholes according to manufacturer’s written rigging instructions.

D. Manufacturer's recommendations on handling, repairing, laying, jointing, anchoring, cutting and

other works for pipes and fittings are to be strictly followed.

E. Interruption of Existing Sanitary Sewerage Service: Do not interrupt service to facilities

occupied by Owner or other unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after
arranging to provide temporary service according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Owner no fewer than two days in advance of proposed interruption of service.
2. Do not proceed with interruption of service without Owner’s written permission.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Site Information: Perform site survey, research public utility records, and verify existing utility
locations.

B. Locate existing structures and piping, if any, to be closed and abandoned.

C. Interruption of Existing Sanitary Sewerage Service: Do not interrupt service to facilities occupied by
Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to
provide temporary service according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Engineer no fewer than five days in advance of proposed interruption of service.
2. Do not proceed with interruption of service without Engineer written permission.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 uPVC PIPE AND FITTINGS (Pipes less than and equal to 200 mm)

A. PVC Gravity and Pressure Piping:

1. Pipe: AWWA C900, Class 150 for gravity pipes and Class 200 PVC for pressure pipes with
bell-and-spigot ends for gasketed joints.
2. Fittings: AWWA C900, Class 150 for gravity pipes and Class 200 PVC for pressure pipes
with bell ends.
3. Gaskets: ASTM F477, elastomeric seals.

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2.2 uPVC PIPE AND FITTINGS (Pipes upto 300mm for sanitary sewer, and Grey water)

1. Saudi Arabian Standard (SASO 14 and 15)

2. Socket Fittings: Compatible for use with uPVC pipe according to the following
specifications: Saudi Arabian Standard (SASO 14 and 15). ISO (International Organization
for standardization) 161/1 which conforms to German standard DIN 8061,8062,19532,19534
and EN 1401 and EN 1329.
3. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements.

2.3 HDPE Pipes and Fittings for Industrial waste

A. Pipe and fittings shall be to ISO 4427-2, DIN 8074/8075 or AWWA C906 (minimum DR
9). Pipe shall be supplied in straight pieces and not rolled on a drum. The ends of each
pipe shall be plain and suitable for heat fusion. Pipe and fittings shall be class 16kg/cm2
minimum.

B. Materials used shall be conforming to polymer classification PE100 and have a minimum
hydrostatic design basis of 1600 psi according to AWWA C906 Table 1.

C. Pipes operating pressures shall be calculated according to maximum soil temperature in

UAE as + 50 degree C including pressure reduction temperature factor as per ISO 13761.

D. Manufacturers shall provide certification that stress regression testing has been performed
on the pipe products. Materials shall also meet elevated temperature requirements as
given in Table 2 AWWA C906.

E. Fittings shall be to AWWA C906, extruded or injection moulded suitable for class of
pipe required.

F. Joints for pipes and fittings shall be by heat fusion and in strict accordance with pipe
manufactures recommendations. Joints shall have a tensile strength equal to that of the
pipe. Fusion temperature, interface pressure, alignment and cooling time, shall be
according to manufactures recommendations.

G. Tests on PE Compounds: Where PE is used for potable water, PE compounds in pipes

and fittings shall contain no ingredients in an amount that has been demonstrated to
migrate into water in quantities considered to be toxic. PE compounds shall be tested and
certified suitable for potable water accredited testing agency. Tests shall be made in
accordance with requirements no less restrictive than those in the NSF Standard No. 14,
Sections 3 and 4. The seal and mark of the testing laboratory shall be included on pipes
and fittings

2.4 NONPRESSURE-TYPE TRANSITION COUPLINGS

A. Comply with ASTM C 1173, elastomeric, sleeve-type, reducing or transition coupling, for joining
underground non-pressure piping. Include ends of same sizes as piping to be joined and corrosion-
resistant-metal tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.

B. Sleeve Materials:

1. For Plastic Pipes: ASTM F 477, elastomeric seal or ASTM D 5926, PVC.

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2. For Dissimilar Pipes: ASTM D 5926, PVC or other material compatible with pipe
materials being joined.

C. Shielded, Flexible Couplings:

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.

2. Description: ASTM C 1460, elastomeric or rubber sleeve with full-length, corrosion-

resistant outer shield and corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening
mechanism on each end.

D. Ring-Type, Flexible Couplings:

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.

2. Description: Elastomeric compression seal with dimensions to fit inside bell of larger
pipe and for spigot of smaller pipe to fit inside ring.

E. Non-pressure-Type, Rigid Couplings:

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.

2. Description: ASTM C 1461, sleeve-type, reducing- or transition-type mechanical

coupling, molded from ASTM C 1440, TPE material; with corrosion-resistant-metal
tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.

2.5 PRESSURE-TYPE PIPE COUPLINGS

A. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.

B. Tubular-Sleeve Couplings: AWWA C219, with center sleeve, gaskets, end rings, and bolt
fasteners.

C. Metal, bolted, sleeve-type, reducing or transition coupling, for joining underground pressure
piping. Include 150-psig (1035-kPa) minimum pressure rating and ends of same sizes as piping to
be joined.

D. Center-Sleeve Material: Manufacturer's standard.

E. Gasket Material: Natural or synthetic rubber.

F. Metal Component Finish: Corrosion-resistant coating or material.

2.6 BACKWATER VALVES

A. PVC Backwater Valves:

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.

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2. Description: Horizontal type; with PVC body, PVC removable cover, and PVC swing
check valve.

2.7 CLEANOUTS

A. PVC Cleanouts:
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements. :

2. Description: PVC body with PVC threaded plug. Include PVC sewer pipe fitting and
riser to cleanout of same material as sewer piping.

2.8 ENCASEMENT FOR PIPING

A. Standard: ASTM A 674 or AWWA C105.

B. Material: high-density, cross-laminated polyethylene film of 0.10-mm minimum thickness.

C. Form: Sheet or tube.

D. Color: Black or natural.

2.9 MANHOLES

A. Standard Precast Concrete Manholes:

1. Description: ASTM C 478 (ASTM C 478M), precast, reinforced concrete, of depth

indicated, with provision for sealant joints.
2. Diameter: 48 inches (1200 mm) minimum unless otherwise indicated.
3. Ballast: Increase thickness of precast concrete sections or add concrete to base section,
as required to prevent flotation.
4. Base Section: 6-inch (150-mm) minimum thickness for floor slab and 4-inch (100-
mm) minimum thickness for walls and base riser section; with separate base slab or
base section with integral floor.
5. Riser Sections: 4-inch (100-mm) minimum thickness, of length to provide depth
indicated.
6. Top Section: Eccentric-cone type unless concentric-cone or flat-slab-top type is
indicated; with top of cone of size that matches grade rings.
7. Joint Sealant: ASTM C 990 (ASTM C 990M), bitumen or butyl rubber.
8. Resilient Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923 (ASTM C 923M), cast or fitted into manhole
walls, for each pipe connection.
9. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder; wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent lateral slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch (300- to 400-mm) intervals. Omit steps if total depth
from floor of manhole to finished grade is less than 60 inches (1500 mm).
10. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking HDPE rings, with level or sloped edge in thickness and
diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and with height as required to adjust
manhole frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope. Include sealant
recommended by ring manufacturer.

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11. Grade Rings: Reinforced-concrete rings, 6- to 9-inch (150- to 225-mm) total

thickness, with diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and with height as
required to adjust manhole frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope.

B. Designed Precast Concrete Manholes:

1. Description: ASTM C 913; designed according to ASTM C 890 for A-16 (ASSHTO
HS20-44), heavy-traffic, structural loading; of depth, shape, and dimensions indicated,
with provision for sealant joints.
2. Ballast: Increase thickness of one or more precast concrete sections or add concrete to
manhole as required to prevent flotation.
3. Joint Sealant: ASTM C 990 (ASTM 990M), bitumen or butyl rubber.
4. Resilient Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923 (ASTM C 923M), cast or fitted into manhole
walls, for each pipe connection.
5. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder; wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent lateral slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch (300- to 400-mm) intervals. Omit steps if total depth
from floor of manhole to finished grade is less than 60 inches (1500 mm).
6. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking HDPE rings, with level or sloped edge in thickness and
diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and with height as required to adjust
manhole frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope. Include sealant
recommended by ring manufacturer.
7. Grade Rings: Reinforced-concrete rings, 6- to 9-inch (150- to 225-mm) total
thickness, with diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and with height as
required to adjust manhole frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope.

C. Manhole Frames and Covers:

1. Description: Ferrous; 24-inch (600-mm) ID by 7- to 9-inch (175- to 225-mm) riser,

with 4-inch- (100-mm-) minimum-width flange and 26-inch- (660-mm-) diameter
cover. Include indented top design with lettering cast into cover, using wording
equivalent to "SANITARY SEWER" or “INDUSTRIAL WASTE” or GREY
WATER”
2. Material: ASTM A 536, Grade 60-40-18 ductile or ASTM A 48/A 48M, Class 35 gray
iron unless otherwise indicated.
3. Cast iron frames, covers and grates shall be capable of withstanding the following
minimum static loads:
1 900 KN, class F, when installed in pavements subjected to aircraft load.
2 400 KN, class D, when installed in pavements subjected to vehicle load.
3 125 KN, class B, when installed in sidewalks and other areas not subjected to
significant load.

D. Manhole-Cover Inserts:

1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers

offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited
to, the following:
2. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements.
3. Description; Manufactured, plastic form, of size to fit between manhole frame and
cover and designed to prevent storm water inflow. Include handle for removal and
gasket for gastight sealing.
4. Type: Drainage with vent holes.

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2.10 PROTECTIVE COATINGS

A. Unless specified or detailed otherwise, internal faces of manholes and chambers shall be
coated with four coats of coal tar epoxy paint, 70% epoxy and 30% coal tar. The coating shall
be applied by brush in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Minimum thickness shall
be 1000 microns.

B. Waterproofing for external surfaces: Unless specified otherwise, the following shall apply:

1. Structures above groundwater level: Waterproofing for external surfaces shall be

bituminous damp-proofing as specified elsewhere in this specification.

2. Structures below groundwater level: Waterproofing for external surfaces shall be app-
modified bituminous sheet waterproofing as specified elsewhere in this specification

2.11 LIFT STATION

A. Unless otherwise specified on the drawings or elsewhere in the mechanical and concrete
sections of this specification, the underground lift station shall be constructed of reinforced
concrete with waterproof lining on all inside areas and double layer full tanking on outside
walls and foundation using waterproofing membrane complying with the requirements of
Section 07100 - WATERPROOFING. Waterproofing on exterior walls shall be protected
against soil with protection board. Reinforced concrete shall comply with the requirements
of Division 3 - CONCRETE. Concrete shall be of minimum 35 MPa compressive strength
at 28 days. Size of lift station shall be as shown on drawings. Lift station shall be provided
with submersible sewage pumps with lifting chains, access cover and ladder rungs. Pump
rating information on the drawings.

2.12 OIL WATER SEPARATORS

A. Oil and grease separators shall be made either of steel or glass fiber reinforced polyester
with complete reinforced concrete encasement, inlet and outlet pipework, vents, alarm
probe, etc. This depending on type, size and manufacturer and as specified on the
drawings. Covers of separators shall be gas tight.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EARTHWORK

A. Excavating, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Section 312000 "Earth Moving."

3.2 PIPING INSTALLATION

A. General Locations and Arrangements: Drawing plans and details indicate general location and
arrangement of underground sanitary sewer, industrial waste and grey water piping. Location
and arrangement of piping layout take into account design considerations. Install piping as
indicated, to extent practical. Where specific installation is not indicated, follow piping
manufacturer's written instructions.

B. Install piping beginning at low point, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken
continuity of invert. Place bell ends of piping facing upstream. Install gaskets, seals, sleeves, and
couplings according to manufacturer's written instructions for using lubricants, cements, and
other installation requirements.

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C. Install manholes for changes in direction unless fittings are indicated. Use fittings for branch
connections unless direct tap into existing sewer is indicated.

D. Install proper size increasers, reducers, and couplings where different sizes or materials of pipes
and fittings are connected. Reducing size of piping in direction of flow is prohibited.

E. When installing pipe under streets or other obstructions that cannot be disturbed, use pipe-
jacking process of micro-tunneling.

F. Install two flexible joints: the first at 1 diameter distance maximum from outside face of
manhole or chamber and the second at not more than 1.0m away from the first joint.

G. All gravity pipes will be laid crown to crown.

H. Install gravity-flow, non-pressure, drainage piping according to the following:

1. Install piping pitched down in direction of flow, at minimum slope of 2 percent unless
otherwise indicated.
2. Install piping NPS 6 (DN 150) and larger with restrained joints at tee fittings and at
changes in direction. Use corrosion-resistant rods, pipe or fitting manufacturer's
proprietary restraint system, or cast-in-place-concrete supports or anchors.
3. Install piping with 36-inch (915-mm) minimum cover.
4. Install ductile-iron, gravity sewer piping according to ASTM A 746.
5. Install ABS sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
6. Install PVC cellular-core sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321and ASTM F 1668.
7. Install PVC corrugated sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
8. Install PVC profile sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
9. Install PVC gravity sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
10. Install Vitrified Clay gravity sewer piping according to ASTM C 12 and ASTM C700.
11. Install PVC Main Piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
12. Install uPVC pipes greater than 200 mm according to SASO standard 14 and 15.

I. Install force-main, pressure piping according to the following:

1. Install piping with restrained joints at tee fittings and at horizontal and vertical
changes in direction. Use corrosion-resistant rods, pipe or fitting manufacturer's
proprietary restraint system, or cast-in-place-concrete supports or anchors.
2. Install piping with 1200 mm minimum cover.
3. Install ductile-iron pressure piping according to AWWA C600 or AWWA M41.
4. Install ductile-iron special fittings according to AWWA C600.
5. Install PVC pressure piping according to AWWA M23 or to ASTM D 2774 and
ASTM F 1668.
6. Install PVC water-service piping according to ASTM D 2774 and ASTM F 1668.

J. Install corrosion-protection piping encasement over the following underground metal piping
according to ASTM A 674 or AWWA C105:

1. Ductile-iron pipe and fittings.

2. Expansion joints and deflection fittings.
3. Clear interior of piping and manholes of dirt and superfluous material as work
progresses.

K. Maintain swab or drag in piping and pull past each joint as it is completed. Place plug in end of
incomplete piping at end of day and when work stops.

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3.3 PIPE JOINTCONSTRUCTION

A. Join gravity-flow, non-pressure, drainage piping according to the following:

1. Join PVC profile sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 for elastomeric-seal joints
or ASTM F 794 for gasketed joints.
2. Join PVC gravity sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM D 3034 for
elastomeric-seal joints or ASTM D 3034 for elastomeric-gasket joints.
3. Join PVC Main piping according to ASTM D 3034 for elastomeric-seal joints or
ASTM F 477 for elastomeric-gasket joints and ASTM D2564 for solvent cement joint.
4. Join uPVC pipes greater than 200 mm according to SASO standard 14 and 15.
5. Join dissimilar pipe materials with non-pressure-type, flexible or rigid couplings.

B. Join force-main, pressure piping according to the following:

1. Join ductile-iron pressure piping according to AWWA C600 or AWWA M41 for
push-on joints.
2. Join ductile-iron special fittings according to AWWA C600 or AWWA M41 for push-
on joints.
3. Join PVC pressure piping according to AWWA M23 for gasketed joints.
4. Join PVC water-service piping according to ASTM D 2855.
5. Join dissimilar pipe materials with pressure-type couplings.

C. Pipe couplings, expansion joints, and deflection fittings with pressure ratings at least equal to
piping rating may be used in applications below unless otherwise indicated.

6. Use non-pressure flexible couplings where required to join gravity-flow, non-

pressure sewer piping unless otherwise indicated.

a. Shielded flexible or rigid couplings for pipes of same or slightly different OD.
b. Unshielded, increaser/reducer-pattern, flexible or rigid couplings for pipes with
different OD.
c. Ring-type flexible couplings for piping of different sizes where annular space
between smaller piping's OD and larger piping's ID permits installation.

7. Use pressure pipe couplings for force-main joints.

3.4 MANHOLE INSTALLATION

A. General: Install manholes complete with appurtenances and accessories indicated.

B. Set tops of frames and covers flush with finished surface of manholes that occur in
pavements. Set tops 100 mm above finished surface elsewhere, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Precast Units: The Contractor shall cast in steel watertight forms at least 3 weeks before
sections are used. The Contractor shall bed lowest unit on in situ concrete base and bed and
haunch in cement mortar. The Contractor shall liberally coat joints of units with approved
bituminous material of trowelling grade prior to fixing. The Contractor shall ensure joints are
filled solid and neatly strike off surplus compound. The Contractor shall not disturb work for
7 days thereafter. Alternatively, the Contractor shall seal joints with approved preformed
jointing strip in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and shall bed precast concrete
cover slab on top unit in cement mortar.

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D. Channels in bottom of manhole shall be smooth, semi-circular and size equal to diameter of
adjacent sewers. For straight through manholes, the Contractor shall construct channels of
half pipe sections. The Contractor shall make changes in direction of flow with smooth
curves as large as manholes permit. Changes in size and grade of channels shall be gradual
and even.

E. Benching: Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall form in sulphate
resisting concrete Class 250/20 to rise vertically from top of channels to a height not less than
soffit of outlet pipe, then slope upwards 1 in 10 to walls. Within 3 hours, the Contractor shall
float with coat of sulphate resisting cement-sand mortar 1:2 and finish smooth with steel
trowel.

F. External Coating: Refer to Division 7 for related specifications.

G. Internal Coating: Refer to Division 7for related specifications.

H. Step Irons: The Contractor shall cast into precast units or grout into preformed mortices. The
Contractor shall not use step irons as lifting eyes. Devices for lifting and handling shall be
provided on exterior faces.

I. Adjustment for Level: The Contractor shall build top courses of brickwork or concrete rings
after completion of surrounding levels and adjust as necessary to give accurate and even final
levels.

J. Covers and Gratings: The Contractor shall bed frame solidly in mortar and fix firmly using
fixing bolts and set cover in position to prevent twisting. The Contractor shall position
centrally over opening and level and square with surrounding finishes

3.5 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

A. Place cast-in-place concrete according to ACI 318 unless otherwise specified in Division 3 –
Concrete.

3.6 BACKWATER VALVE INSTALLATION

A. Install horizontal-type backwater valves in piping manholes or pits.

B. Install combination horizontal and manual gate valves in piping and in manholes.

C. Install terminal-type backwater valves on end of piping and in manholes. Secure units to
sidewalls.

3.7 CLEANOUT INSTALLATION

A. Install cleanouts and riser extensions from sewer pipes to cleanouts at grade. Use cast- iron soil
pipe fittings in sewer pipes at branches for cleanouts, and use cast-iron soil pipe for riser
extensions to cleanouts. Install piping so cleanouts open in direction of flow in sewer pipe.

1. Use Heavy-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in vehicle-traffic service areas.

2. Use Extra-Heavy-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in roads.

B. Set cleanout frames and covers in earth in cast-in-place-concrete block, 18 by 18 by 12 inches

(450 by 450 by 300 mm) deep. Set with tops 1 inch (25 mm) above surrounding grade.

C. Set cleanout frames and covers in concrete pavement and roads with tops flush with pavement
surface.

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3.8 CONNECTIONS

A. Connect non-pressure, gravity-flow drainage piping to building's sanitary, industrial waste and
grey water building drains specified in Section 221316 "Sanitary Waste and Vent Piping."

B. Connect force-main piping to building's sanitary, industrial waste and grey water force mains
specified in Section 221316 "Sanitary Waste and Vent Piping." Terminate piping where
indicated.

C. Make connections to existing piping and underground manholes.

1. Protect existing piping and manholes to prevent concrete or debris from entering while
making tap connections. Remove debris or other extraneous material that may
accumulate.

D. Connect to grease, oil, and sand interceptors specified in Section 221323 "Sanitary Waste
Interceptors."

3.9 CLOSING ABANDONED SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS

A. Abandoned Piping: Close open ends of abandoned underground piping indicated to remain in
place. Include closures strong enough to withstand hydrostatic and earth pressures that may
result after ends of abandoned piping have been closed. Use either procedure below as
directed by the Engineer:

1. Close open ends of piping with at least 203-mm thick, brick

masonry bulkheads.
2. Close open ends of piping with threaded metal caps, plastic plugs,
or other acceptable methods suitable for size and type of material
being closed. Do not use wood plugs.

B. Abandoned Manholes: Excavate around manhole as required and use either procedure below
as directed by the Engineer:

1. Remove manhole and close open ends of remaining piping.

2. Remove top of manhole down to at least 915 mm below final
grade. Fill to within 300 mm of top with stone, rubble, gravel, or
compacted dirt. Fill to top with concrete.

C. Backfill to grade according to Division 31 Section "Earth Moving."

3.10 IDENTIFICATION
A. Comply with requirements in Section 31200 "Earth Moving" for underground utility
identification devices. Arrange for installation of green warning tapes directly over piping and
at outside edges of underground manholes.

1. Use warning tape or detectable warning tape over ferrous piping.

2. Use detectable warning tape over nonferrous piping and over edges of underground
manholes.

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3.11 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Clear interior of piping and structures of dirt and superfluous material as work progresses.
Maintain swab or drag in piping, and pull past each joint as it is completed.

1. In large, accessible piping, brushes and brooms may be used for cleaning.
2. Place plug in end of incomplete piping at the end of the day and when work stops.
3. Flush piping between manholes and other structures to remove collected debris, if required
by the Engineer, or authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Inspect the interior of piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has
occurred. Inspect after approximately 600 mm of backfill is in place, and again immediately
prior to Substantial Completion. Submit separate reports for each system inspection.
C. Alignment: Tolerances are to be 6 mm in level and 25 mm in line between manholes or access
points unless otherwise specified. Where pipe is to be constructed in straight lines between
manholes or lampholes, the length will not be accepted if a light at each manhole or lamphole can-
not be seen from adjacent manholes.
D. Test new piping systems, and parts of existing systems that have been altered, extended, or
repaired, for leaks and defects as follows:

1. Field testing: Generally

a. Provision of test equipment: All items for test have to be provided on site before the
test, i.e. pressure gauges, instruments, water etc.
b. Carry out tests in the presence of the Engineer's Representative.
c. Fittings and joints: Permanently anchor fittings before testing and leave all joints
exposed for checking.
d. Test sections: Test gravity sewers in sections between manholes.
e. Test sections: Limit test sections in pressure lines to not more than 500 m.
f. Test sections: Test pressure lines between valve chambers whenever possible.
g. Test plug: Secure end of main and test plug by struts.
h. Closed valve: Do not test against a closed valve unless there is no acceptable
alternative.
i. Apply pressure by manually operated test pump or, in the case of large diameter
mains, by power driven test pump, if approved.
j. Examine exposed joints and repair visible leaks.
k. Failure: Should a test fail, locate leak and replace or make good defective pipe or
replace and make good faulty joint. Retest main.
l. Records: Keep test records in an approved form. Hand original copy to the
Engineer immediately after completion of test.
m. Non-pressure lines not exceeding 1000 mm diameter are to be air tested before
backfilling and hydrostatic tested after backfilling.
n. Non-pressure lines over 1000 mm diameter are to be visually inspected from the
inside and tested at joints by hydraulic individual joint test.
o. Non-pressure lines: Carry out infiltration tests where crown of pipe at high part of
length under test is more than 1.2 m below water table.
p. Pressure lines: Carry out hydrostatic test while pipeline is partially backfilled.

2. Hydrostatic testing of pressure pipelines:

a. Refer to section 221113 of the specifications. Generally 1.5 times the maximum
sustained pressure, minimum 1035 kPa.

3. Hydrostatic Testing of Non-pressure Pipelines

a. Procedure is to be as described for pressure pipelines.

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b. Test pressure: 1.0 m head of water above pipe soffit at highest point and not greater
than 6 m head of water at lowest point of section under test. If maximum head is
exceeded, test section in stages.
c. Test period: 30 minutes.
d. Allowable leakage: 0.02 litres/linear metre/metre diameter/30 minutes.

4. Air Testing of Pipelines

a. Test procedure to applicable American Standard. If not available, BS EN 752: Parts

2-4 should be applied subject to engineer approval.
b. Plug effectively length under test.
c. Apply pressure by approved method (i.e. hand pump) until a pressure 120 mm head
of water is indicated on a U-tube connected to the system.
d. Pressure drop: Without further pumping, pressure is not to fall by more than 25 mm
in a period of 5 minutes.
e. Failure to pass the air test is not conclusive and if no leakage can be traced by
external application of soapy water to all sealing areas, then a hydrostatic test is to
be carried out before final rejection.

5. Infiltration Test for Gravity Pipes

a. Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.
b. Plug effectively all inlets to system as directed.
c. Measure residual flow by approved method i.e. weir or other.
d. Infiltration limits: The following limits are not to be exceeded:
1) Pipelines not exceeding 700 mm: 0.02 litres/hour/100 linear metres/mm
diameter,
2) Pipelines over 700 mm: 0.03 litres/hour/100 linear metres/mm diameter.

e. Failure: Test will be deemed to have failed if allowable infiltration water is

exceeded. Locate source of excessive infiltration by approved means i.e. traversing
light and mirrors or inflated rubber plug etc. and make good. Repeat test until
successful.

6. Visual Inspection Test

a. Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.
b. Limit of length to be tested at one time is three full length pipes unless otherwise
approved.
c. Apparatus: Use rubber tyred bogies which do not damage lining of pipe and an
adequate supply of electric lamps.
d. Check joints by means of feelers to ensure rubber rings are correctly located.
e. Check pipe barrel for visible cracks.

7. Hydraulic Individual Joint Test for Pipes Exceeding 1000 mm:

a. Procedure: Test procedure to BS EN 1610.

8. Cleaning and Inspection of sewers:

a. Cleaning: Clean pipeline of silt and debris after backfilling pipe trenches and
completing manholes, hatch boxes etc. but before surfaces are permanently
reinstated and make ready for inspection by the Engineer's Representative.
b. Inspection: Pipelines of 700 mm diameter and over are, where practicable, to be
inspected from the inside and when necessary a suitable trolley is to be provided for
this purpose.
c. Inspection: Pipelines less than 700 mm diameter and larger pipelines which cannot
be inspected from the inside, are to be inspected by passing a cylinder of diameter

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25 mm less than the internal diameter of the pipe and length not less than the
internal diameter of the pipe through each pipeline.

9. Testing of manholes:

Plug manhole inlets and outlets, fill manhole with water and allow standing for at least 24
hours or such longer period to allow for complete absorption. Re-top with water.
Allowable leakage over 24 hours is not to exceed 1% of total volume of manhole,
otherwise make good and retest.

10. Leaks and loss in test pressure constitute defects that must be repaired.

11. Replace leaking piping using new materials, and repeat testing until leakage is within
allowances specified.

3.12 CLEANING

A. Clean dirt and superfluous material from interior of piping. Flush with potable water

END OF SECTION 221313

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