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Introduction to Ecology

1. What is ecology?

A) The study of ancient civilizations


B) The study of weather patterns
C) The study of interactions among organisms and their environment
D) The study of chemical reactions
Answer: C

2. Which of the following best describes the focus of ecology?

A) Individual organism’s physiology


B) Human population growth
C) Interactions between organisms and their environments
D) The internal structure of cells
Answer: C

3. Why is ecology increasingly important in daily life?

A) It helps in understanding historical events


B) It aids in predicting economic trends
C) It is crucial for managing natural resources and addressing environmental issues
D) It helps in discovering new planets
Answer: C

Fundamental Concepts of Ecology

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4. Which of the following is a fundamental concept of ecology?

A) Species extinction has no ecological impact


B) Energy flows and nutrient cycles in ecosystems
C) Human activities have no effect on ecosystems
D) Ecology does not concern itself with human populations
Answer: B

5. What is a food web?

A) A network of social connections among humans


B) A complex network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem
C) A type of spider's web
D) A method for catching fish
Answer: B

6. What is meant by the term "biodiversity"?

A) The number of different species in a given area


B) The number of individuals in a single species
C) The different climates in the world
D) The economic value of an ecosystem
Answer: A

7. Which of the following describes an ecosystem?

A) A group of the same species living in an area


B) A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment
C) The layer of gases surrounding Earth
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D) A large body of saltwater


Answer: B

8. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

A) Wind energy
B) Geothermal energy
C) Solar energy
D) Nuclear energy
Answer: C

Growing Importance in Daily Life

9. How does ecological knowledge benefit agriculture?

A) By providing historical information about farming


B) By helping to manage pest populations and improve crop yields
C) By increasing the cost of production
D) By reducing the need for farmers
Answer: B

10. Which of the following practices can contribute to sustainable development?

A) Overfishing
B) Deforestation
C) Recycling and conservation of resources
D) Ignoring environmental regulations
Answer: C

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11. What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

A) They produce their own food through photosynthesis


B) They are primary consumers
C) They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients
D) They compete with plants for sunlight
Answer: C

12. Which of the following is a consequence of habitat destruction?

A) Increased biodiversity
B) Decreased levels of carbon dioxide
C) Loss of species and disruption of ecosystems
D) More natural resources available for human use
Answer: C

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