Full Download PDF of Solution Manual For Introduction To Engineering Experimentation 3rd Edition by Wheeler All Chapter
Full Download PDF of Solution Manual For Introduction To Engineering Experimentation 3rd Edition by Wheeler All Chapter
Full Download PDF of Solution Manual For Introduction To Engineering Experimentation 3rd Edition by Wheeler All Chapter
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1atm 101.325kPa 1bar
50cmWater * * * = 0.0490 bars
1033.2cmWater 1atm 100kPa
1atm 101.325kPa 1 psi
50cmWater * * * * = 0.711 psi
1033.2cmWater 1atm 6.895kPa
1atm 76cmHG 1in
50cmWater * * * = 1.45 in of Hg
1033.2cmWater 1atm 2.54cm
1.2
1.3 (a) The household energy use of 750 kWh is equivalent to 2,559,241.71 Btu or 645,007
kCal or 2,700,000,000 joules
3600kJ 1000 J 1Btu
750kWh * * * = 2,559,241.71 Btu
1kWh 1kJ 1055 J
3600kJ 1000 J 1cal 1kcal
750kWh * * * * = 645,007 kcal
1kWh 1kJ 4.186 J 1000cal
3600kJ 1000 J
750kWh * * = 2,700,000,000 J
1kWh 1kJ
(b) The gas water heater uses 50,000 Btu or 52,750,000 joules or 12,601.5 kcal or
38,908,386 ft.lbf
1055 J
50000Btu * = 52,750,000 joules
1Btu
1055 J 1cal 1kcal
50000Btu * * * = 12,601.5 kcal
1Btu 4.186 J 1000cal
1 ft .lbf
50000Btu * = 38,908,386 ft.lbf
0.00128507 Btu
(c) The amount of heat required is 250 kCal which is equivalent to 992 Btu or 250,000 Cal
or 1,046,500 joules
1000cal 4.186 J 1Btu
250kcal * * * = 992 Btu
1kcal 1cal 1055 J
1000cal
250kcal * = 250,000 cal
1kcal
1000cal 4.186 J
250kcal * * = 1,046,500 J
1kcal 1cal
1.3
1.4 (a) The automobile rating of 150 hp is equivalent to 112 kW or 82,500 ft.lbf/sec or
106.02 Btu/sec
745.7W 1kW
150hp * * = 112 kW
1hp 1000W
ft .lbf
550
150hp * s = 82,500 ft.lbf/sec
1hp
Btu
1
745.7W s
150hp * * = 106.02 Btu/sec
1hp 1055.04W
(b) The truck rating of 400 kW is equivalent to 536 hp or 295,025 ft.lbf/sec or 379 Btu/sec
1000W 1hp
400kW * * = 536 hp
1kW 745.7W
ft .lbf
550
1000W 1hp s
400kW * * * = 295,025 ft.lbf/sec
1kW 745.7W 1hp
Btu
1
1000W s
400kW * * = 379 Btu/sec
1kW 1055.04W
(c) The water heater rating of 40,000 Btu/hr is equivalent to 11.72 kW
Btu 0.293W 1kW
40000 * * = 11.72 kW
hr Btu 1000W
1
hr
1.4
1.5 (a) 50 oF is equivalent to 10 oC
5
( )(50 – 32) = 10 oC
9
(b) 150 oC is equivalent to 302 oF
9
( )(150 oC) + 32 = 302 oF
5
(c) The water temperature increase of 40 oC is equivalent to a change of 40 K or 72 oF or 72
oR
1 K
(40 oC) * = 40 K
1C
1.8 F
(40 oC) * = 72 oF
1C
1.8 R
(40 oC) * = 72 oR
1C
(d) The air temperature change of 30 oF is equivalent to a change of 16.7 K or 16.7 oC or 30
oR
0.556 K
(30 oF) * = 16.7 K
1 F
0.556C
(30 oF) * = 16.7 oC
1 F
1 R
(30 oF) * = 30 oR
1 F
1.5
1.6 (a) 4 gallons is equivalent to 15.1 liter or 15,142 cm3 or 0.535 ft3
0.0037854 m 3 1Liter
4 gal * * −3 3 = 15.1 liter
1gal 10 m
0.0037854 m 3
1cm 3
4 gal * * −6 3 = 15,142 cm3
1gal 10 m
0.0037854 1 ft 3
4 gal * * 3
= 0.535 ft3
1gal 0.02832 m
(b) 10 liters is equivalent to 2.64 gallons or 10,000 cm3 or 0.353 ft3
10 −3 m 3 1gal
10Liter * * = 2.64 gallons
1liter 0.0037854 m 3
10 −3 m 3 1cm 3
10Liter * * −6 3 = 10,000 cm3
1liter 10 m
−3 3
10 m 1 ft 3
10Liter * * = 0.353 ft3
1liter 0.02832 m 3
(c) 5 ft3 is equivalent to 37.4 gallons or 141,600 cm3 or 142 liters
1gal
5 ft 3 * = 37.4 gallons
0.13368 ft 3
0.02832m 3 1cm 3
5 ft 3 * 3
* −6 3
= 141,600 cm3
1 ft 10 m
0.02832m 3 1liter
5 ft 3 * 3
* −3 3 = 142 liters
1 ft 10 m
1.7 The air gas constant of 53.34 ft.lbf/lbm.oR is equivalent to 0.0685 Btu/lbm.oR or 287
joules/kg.K or 0.0686 kcal/kg.K
ft .lbf 0.00128507 Btu
53.34 * = 0.0685 Btu/lbm.oR
lbm R 1 ft .lbf
ft .lbf 0.00128507 Btu 1055 J 1lbm 1 R
53.34 * * * * = 287 J/kg.K
lbm R 1 ft .lbf 1Btu 0.4536 kg 5
K
9
ft .lbf 0.00128507 Btu 1055 J 1cal 1kcal 1lbm 1 R
53.34 * * * * * * =
lbm R 1 ft .lbf 1Btu 4.186 J 1000cal 0.4536 kg 5
K
9
kcal
0.0685
kg K
1.6
1.8 The universal gas constant is 1.986 Btu/lb mole.oR which is equivalent to 1.986 kCal.kg
mole.K or 1,545 ft.lbf/lb mole.oR or 8,314 joules/kg mole.K
Btu 1055 J 1cal 1kcal 1lbm 1 R
1.986 * * * * * = 1.986 kCal.kg mole.K
lbmole R 1Btu 4.186 J 1000cal 0.4536 kg 5
K
9
Btu 1 ft .lbf
1.986 * = 1,545 ft.lbf/lb mole.oR
lbmole R 0.00128507 Btu
Btu 1055 J 1lbm 1 R
1.986 * * * = 8,314 J/kg mole.K
lbmole R 1Btu 0.4536 kg 5
K
9
1.9 The thermal conductivity is 200 W/m.oC or 116 Btu/hr/ft/oF or 0.048 kcal/sec.m.oC
Btu
1
W hr. ft . F
200 * = 116 Btu/hr/ft/oF
mC W
1.7307
mC
Btu
1
W s 1055 J 1cal 1kcal
200 * * * * = 0.048 kcal/sec.m.oC
mC 1055.04W 1Btu 4.186 J 1000cal
1.7
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“WEARING JEWSEPPY’S COAT, AND WAS GRINDING AWAY AT THE ORGAN.”
“At this point the gorilla hauled Jewseppy in and gave him a fairly
good thrashing for wasting his time in conversation. When the man
came around again with the plate I told him that he was taking in
more money than he had ever taken in before, and that this ought to
console him, even if the consciousness that he was doing justice to
the oppressed had no charms for him. I’m sorry to say that
Jewseppy used such bad language that I really couldn’t stay and
listen to him any longer. I understood him to say that the gorilla took
possession of every penny that was collected, and would be sure to
spend it on himself, but as this was only what Jewseppy had been
accustomed to do it ought not to have irritated a man with a real
sense of justice. Of course I was sorry that the little man was being ill
treated, but he was tough, and I thought that it would not hurt him if
the gorilla were to carry out his course of instruction in the duty of
elevating the oppressed a little longer. I have always been sort of
sorry that I did not interfere, for although Jewseppy was only a
foreigner who couldn’t vote, and was besides altogether too set in
his ideas, I didn’t want him to come to any real harm. After that day
no man ever saw Jewseppy, dead or alive. He was seen about dusk
two or three miles from town on the road to Sheboygan. He was still
tied to the rope and was using a lot of bad language, while the gorilla
was frequently reminding him with the whip of the real duties of his
station and the folly of discontent and rebellion. That was the last
anybody ever saw of the Italian. The gorilla turned up the next day at
a neighboring town with his organ, but without anybody to take up
the collection for him, and as the menagerie happened to be there
the menagerie men captured him and put him back in his old cage,
after having confiscated the organ. No one thought of making any
search for Jewseppy, for, as I have said, he had never been
naturalized and had no vote, and there were not enough Italians in
that part of the country to induce any one to take an interest in
bringing them to the polls. It was generally believed that the gorilla
had made away with Jewseppy, thinking that he could carry on the
organ business to more advantage without him. It’s always been my
impression that if Jewseppy had lived he would have been cured of
the desire to elevate the down-trodden, except, of course, in foreign
countries. He was an excellent little man—enthusiastic, warm-
hearted, and really believing in his talk about the rights of monkeys
and the duty of elevating everybody. But there isn’t the least doubt
that he made a mistake when he tried to do justice to that gorilla.”
THAT LITTLE FRENCHMAN.
“Does anybody doubt my patriotism?” asked the Colonel. We all
hastened to say that we should as soon doubt our own existence.
Had he not made a speech no longer ago than last Fourth of July,
showing that America was destined to have a population of
1,000,000,000 and that England was on the verge of extinction? Had
he not perilled his life in the cause of freedom, and was he not
tireless in insisting that every Chinaman should be driven out of the
United States? If there ever was one American more patriotic than
another it was the Colonel.
“Well, then,” continued the speaker, “you won’t misunderstand me
when I say that the American railroad car is a hundred times more
dangerous than these European compartment cars. In thirty years
there have been just four felonious assaults in English railroad cars.
There have been a few more than that in France, but not a single
one in Germany. Now, I admit that you are in no danger of being shot
in an American car, unless, of course, two gentlemen happen to
have a difficulty and shoot wild, or unless the train is held up by train
robbers who are a little too free with their weapons. But I do say that
the way in which we heat our cars with coal-stoves kills thousands of
passengers with pneumonia and burns hundreds alive when the
trains are wrecked.
“You see, I’ve looked into this thing and I’ve got the statistics down
fine. I’m the only man I know who ever had any trouble with a
passenger while travelling in Europe, and I don’t mind telling you
about it, although it will be giving myself away. Kindly push me over
those matches, will you? These French cigars take a lot of fuel, and
you have to encourage them with a match every three minutes if you
expect them to burn.
“When I was over here in Paris, ten years ago, there was a fellow
here from Chicago who was trying to introduce American cars, and
he gave me a pamphlet he had got up showing the horrors of the
compartment system. It told of half a dozen murders, fifteen
assaults, eleven cases of blackmail, and four cases in which a
solitary traveller was shut up in a compartment with a lunatic—all
these incidents having occurred on European railways. I was on my
way to Egypt, and when I had read the pamphlet I began to wonder if
I should ever manage to live through the railroad journey without
being killed, or blackmailed, or lunaticked, or something of the kind.
You see, I believed the stories then, though I know now that about
half of them were false.
“I took the express train—the Peninsular and Oriental they call it—
from Paris about twelve o’clock one night. I went early to the train,
and until just before we started I thought I was going to have the
compartment to myself. All at once a man very much out of breath
jumped in, the door was slammed, and we were off.
“‘DOES ANYBODY DOUBT MY PATRIOTISM?’ ASKED THE COLONEL.”
“Of course the difficulty could have been settled by erasing from
the tombstone all reference to Maria and her two children, but in that
case a separate stone for the children would some day become
necessary, and, what was of more consequence, John’s grand idea
of a combination tombstone would have to be completely
abandoned. John was not a hasty man, and after thinking the matter
over until the mental struggle turned his hair gray, he decided to
compromise the matter by putting a sort of petticoat around the lower
half of the tombstone, which would hide all reference to Maria and
the children. This was easily done with the aid of an old pillow-case,
and the tombstone became more an object of interest to the public
than ever, while John, so to speak, sat down to wait for better times.
“Now, James had been thinking over the tombstone problem, and
fancied that he had found a solution of it that would put money in his
own pocket and at the same time satisfy his brother. He proposed to
John that the inscription should be altered so as to read: ‘Maria,
formerly wife of John and afterward of James Thompson,’ and that a
hand should be carved on the stone with an index-finger pointing
toward James’ lot, and a line in small type saying, ‘See small
tombstone.’ James said that he would pay the cost of putting up a
small uninscribed stone in his own lot over the remains of Maria—
waiting, of course, until she should come to be remains—and that
John could pay the cost of altering the inscriptions on the large
stone. The two brothers discussed this scheme for months, each of
them being secretly satisfied with it, but John maintaining that James
should pay all the expenses.
“This James would not do, for he reasoned that unless John came
to his terms the combination tombstone would be of no good to
anybody, and that if he remained firm John would come round to his
proposal in time.
“There isn’t the least doubt that this would have been the end of
the affair, if it had not been that James chuckled over it so much that
one day he chuckled a fishbone into his throat and choked to death
on the spot. He was buried in his own lot, with nothing but a wooden
headboard to mark the spot. His widow said that if he had been
anxious to have a swell marble monument he would have made
provision for it in his lifetime, and as he had done nothing of the kind,
she could not see that she had any call to waste her money on
worldly vanities.
“How did this settle the affair of the combination tombstone? I’m
just telling you. You see, by this time the world had not come to an
end, and John, who always hated people who didn’t keep their
engagements, seeing that the Second Adventists didn’t keep theirs,
left them and returned to the regular Baptist fold. When his brother
died he went to the funeral, and did what little he could, in an
inexpensive way, to comfort the widow. The long and short of it was
that they became as friendly as they ever had been, and John finally
proposed that Maria should marry him again. ‘You know, Maria,’ he
said, ‘that we never disagreed except about that Second Advent
nonsense. You were right about that and I was wrong, as the event
has proved, and now that we’re agreed once more, I don’t see as
there is anything to hinder our getting married again.’
“Maria said that she had a comfortable support, and she couldn’t
feel that it was the will of Providence for her to be married so often,
considering how many poor women there were who couldn’t get a
single husband.
“‘Well,’ continued John, ‘there is that there tombstone. It always
pleased you and I was always proud of it. If we don’t get married
again that tombstone is as good as thrown away, and it seems
unchristian to throw away a matter of seventy-five dollars when the
whole thing could be arranged so easy.’
“The argument was one which Maria felt that she could not resist,
and so, after she had mourned James Thompson for a fitting period,
she married John a second time, and the tombstone’s reputation for
veracity was restored. John and Maria often discussed the feasibility
of selling James’ lot and burying him where the combination
tombstone would take him in, but there was no more room for fresh
inscriptions, and besides, John didn’t see his way clear to stating in a
short and impressive way the facts as to the relationship between
James and Maria. So, on the whole, he judged it best to let James
sleep in his own lot, and let the combination tombstone testify only to
the virtues of John Thompson and his family. That’s the story of
Thompson’s tombstone, and if you don’t believe it I can show you a
photograph of the stone with all the inscriptions. I’ve got it in my
trunk at this very moment, and when we go back to the hotel, if you
remind me of it, I’ll get it out.”
A UNION MEETING.
“Well, sir,” said the Colonel, “since you ask me what struck me
most forcibly during my tour of England, and supposing that you
want a civil answer to a civil question, I will say that the thing that
astonished me more than anything else was the lack of religious
enterprise in England.
“THE LACK OF RELIGIOUS ENTERPRISE IN ENGLAND.”
“I have visited nearly every section of your country, and what did I
find? Why, sir, in every town there was a parish church of the
regulation pattern and one other kind of church, which was generally
some sort of Methodist in its persuasion. Now, in America there is
hardly a village which hasn’t half a dozen different kinds of churches,
and as a rule at least one of them belongs to some brand-new
denomination, one that has just been patented and put on the
market, as you might say. When I lived in Middleopolis, Iowa, there
were only fifteen hundred people in the place, but we had six kinds
of churches. There was the Episcopalian, the Methodist, the
Congregational, the Baptist, the Presbyterian, the Unitarian, and the
Unleavened Disciples church, not to mention the colored Methodist
church, which, of course, we didn’t count among respectable white
denominations. All these churches were lively and aggressive, and
the Unleavened Disciples, that had just been brought out, was as
vigorous as the oldest of them. All of them were furnishing good
preaching and good music, and striving to outdo one another in
spreading the Gospel and raising the price of pew-rents. I could go
for two or three months to the Presbyterian church, and then I could
take a hack at the Baptists and pass half a dozen Sundays with the
Methodists, and all this variety would not cost me more than it would
have cost to pay pew-rent all the year round in any one church. And
then, besides the preaching, there were the entertainments that each
church had to get up if it didn’t want to fall behind its rivals. We had
courses of lectures, and returned missionaries, and ice-cream
festivals till you couldn’t rest. Why, although I am an old theatrical
manager, I should not like to undertake to run a first-class American
church in opposition to one run by some young preacher who had
been trained to the business and knew just what the popular
religious taste demanded. I never was mixed up in church business
but once, and then I found that I wasn’t in my proper sphere.”
The Colonel chuckled slowly to himself, as his custom was when
anything amused him, and I asked him to tell me his ecclesiastical
experience.
“Well, this was the way of it,” he replied. “One winter the leading
citizens of the place decided to get up a series of union meetings.
Perhaps you don’t know what a union meeting is? I thought so. It
bears out what I was saying about your want of religious enterprise.
Well, it’s a sort of monster combination, as we would say in the
profession. All the churches agree to hold meetings together, and all
the preaching talent of the whole of them is collected in one pulpit,
and each man preaches in turn. Of course every minister has his
own backers, who are anxious to see him do himself and his
denomination credit, and who turn out in full force so as to give him
their support. The result is that a union meeting will always draw,
even in a town where no single church can get a full house, no
matter what attractions it may offer.