ENGLISH PAPER FOR SANITARIANS

SANITATION IN SCHOOL

ARRANGED BY :

GROUP 6

CLASS. 2B

VIONA ANDESNIA PO7133122056

UMI FADLIA PO7133122067
DESWITARY HANDHAYANI PO7133122070
AMIROH NABILA AM PO7133122074
MGS. M TAUFIQURRAHMAN PO7133122075
MIRZA FAHURI PO7133122077
R.A. KEISHA ALICIA AZMATARI PO7133122086

LECTURER :

FIDER SAPUTRA T., S.Hum., M.Hum

HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH

PALEMBANG DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,

THREE-DIPLOMA SANITATION PROGRAM

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

 FOREWORD

Praise be to God SWT for giving His mercy and wisdom so that we can complete the
English course paper for sanitarians

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment in the English course for
sanitarians. In addition, this paper also aims to add insight into the "Sanitation In School".

We would like to thank Sir. Fider Saputra, S.Hum., M.Hum as a lecturer in English for
sanitarians who has given this task so that it can increase knowledge and insight in accordance
with the field of study we pursue. We would also like to thank all those who have shared
some of their knowledge so that we can complete this paper.

We realize that the paper we wrote is far from perfect. Therefore, constructive criticism
and suggestions will be looked forward to the perfection of this report.

Palembang, March 28, 2024

Group 6

ii
 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................ ii
LIST OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................. 1
INTODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Formulation Of Problems ................................................................................... 1
1.3 Objectives ........................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................. 3
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Understanding School Sanitation ....................................................................... 3
2.2 Benefits of School Sanitation ............................................................................. 3
2.3 School Sanitation Components ........................................................................... 5
2.4 School Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructure Component Standards .............. 7
CHAPTER 3.................................................................................................................. 11
CLOSING ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Suggestions ........................................................................................................ 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................... 12
VOCABULARY LIST ................................................................................................. 13

iii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Instilling a culture of clean and healthy living, we can start from small steps and
start from places we often visit, for example school. The implementation of healthy living
behavior in schools can be carried out in line with the school sanitation program. The
existence of the School Sanitation Program is a prerequisite for the creation of a safe,
clean and healthy school environment. School sanitation is the first step to realizing a
healthy learning environment. School sanitation is a minimum environmental health
requirement that must be owned by every school to meet the needs of students and
students. The scope of basic sanitation is clean water supply facilities, latrine facilities,
garbage disposal facilities, and wastewater disposal facilities.
School sanitation is one of the important elements in an effort to improve the
quality of education. Increasing access to sanitation in schools can have a significant
impact on improving the quality of health and comfort of students in schools and
indirectly contribute to increasing school enrollment rates.
At the global level, school sanitation is also one of the development priorities
included in SDGS (Sustainable Development Goals) Goal 4a. Goal 4a is "Build and
improve educational facilities that are child, disability, and gender friendly, and provide
a safe, non-violence, inclusive, and effective learning environment for all".

1.2 Formulation Of Problems

1. What is meant by school sanitation?
2. What are the benefits of school sanitation ?
3. What are the components of school sanitation ?
4. What are the Standard Components of School Sanitation Facilities and
Infrastructure?

1.3 Objectives
1. Can Know the Definition of School Sanitation
2. Can Know the Benefits of School Sanitation
3. Can Know the Components of School Sanitation

1
4. Can Know the Standard Components of School Sanitation Facilities and
Infrastructure

2
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Understanding School Sanitation

School sanitation Is a clean and healthy living behavior in schools in order to improve
the quality of environmental health in order to realize a healthy school environment that
is clean and comfortable and free from the threat of disease.
School is an institution that has a strategic role, especially educating and preparing human
resources. The existence of school as a sub-system of social life order, places school as
part of the social system.
Schools can carry out their functions, namely as institutions to educate the optimal
life of the nation and secure it from negative influences from the surrounding
environment. Schools must meet health requirements, not only physical builds, but the
school community, especially students. One part that plays an important role in creating
student health is a school environment that meets health requirements

2.2 Benefits of School Sanitation

a. Health
School sanitation is the first step to realizing a healthy learning environment.
The implementation of quality school sanitation programs is able to prevent the
spread of disease. Handwashing with soap can reduce the risk of diarrheal disease by
30% in school students who practice handwashing with soap.

b. Education
Water, sanitation and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS), such as
handwashing with soap can significantly reduce absenteeism rates by 21-54%.
Consuming drinking water at school can also increase concentration in absorbing
lessons at school. Both of these things, hand washing with soap and the provision of
drinking water in schools can indirectly improve learning achievement at school.

c. Gender Equality

3
 Proper school sanitation promotes gender equality. Girls are very vulnerable to
not continuing school (dropping out of school), especially they are reluctant to go to
school when there is no advice on latrines and clean water that is proper, clean,
comfortable, and safe. A UNESCO study found that globally, 1 in 5 girls over
primary school drop out, partly due to inadequate school sanitation facilities.

d. Agent
School sanitation change is one of the best pathways to reach all levels of
society. The involvement of school components with the community will have an
impact on changing clean and healthy living behavior by community members. In
other words, elementary school-age children can be agents of change in clean and
healthy living in their environment.

e. Children's Rights
School sanitation is one part of fulfilling children's rights in school. On 28 July
2010, through Resolution 64/292, the United Nations General Assembly recognized
the human right to water and sanitation, including in schools and madrassas.

f. Environmental cleanliness is the school's advantage

The cleanliness of the school environment also has a big impact and influence
on students, especially for the school itself. Because everyone must have investigated
the situation and circumstances of the school before becoming a student in the school.
So to maintain the good name of the school as well as security in the school.

g. Environmental cleanliness encourages students' enthusiasm for learning

In every aspect and behavior of students, it is certainly evident from their habits
every day. So it is with the classroom environment and even the school environment.
If the school environment and classroom environment including classrooms are clean
and arranged properly, then the learning motivation generated will invite students to
be enthusiastic

2.3 School Sanitation Components

4
 The school has complete sanitation commodity, including separate latrines for men
and women with clean water available around the clock, handwashing facilities with
running water and soap available, trash cans and sewerage.

a. Clean water

Clean water is water used for daily purposes whose quality meets health
requirements and can be drunk when cooked. Clean water for sanitary hygiene
purposes is used for the maintenance of personal hygiene such as bathing and
toothbrushes, as well as for washing foodstuffs, eating utensils, and clothing.

b. School Latrines
A proper latrine is a latrine that meets health standards, a sitting/squatting toilet
type with a gooseneck-shaped channel. A proper latrine facility is a latrine that is
separated by gender, accessible at all times by students and other school residents
and easy to clean. The provision of latrines refers to Permendiknas Number 24 of
2007 with a latrine ratio of male students of at least 1:60 while the latrine ratio of
female students is 1:50. If the school has the resources to provide latrines, it can refer
to Permenkes No. 1429 of 2006 with a ratio of 1:40 for male learners and 1:25 for
female learners. Latrines built are ideally child-friendly and consider school
residents, especially people with disabilities.

c. Handwashing with Soap (CTPS)

Handwashing facilities are equipment to maintain personal hygiene and practice
the habit of washing hands using soap and running water. The existence of CPTS
facilities will facilitate the habituation of CTPS among students in order to prevent
the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, eye diseases, and skin infections.
The facilities that need to be prepared by the school are clean running water, soap
and safe reservoirs or wastewater channels. The CTPS facilities provided are ideally
compared to the number of rooms available according to the number of classes.
Especially near canteens and latrines, it is necessary to provide CTPS advice. With
the existence of CTPS facilities and hand washing habits, students can avoid various
diseases such as diarrhea and worms. Students need to be accustomed to using water
as sparingly as possible to turn off the faucet / water flow while washing hands.
5
d. Liquid Waste Treatment
School residents' sanitation activities will produce liquid waste disposal which
generally contains materials or substances that endanger human health and disturb
the environment. To reduce health risks to students, schools should build liquid waste
treatment that functions to reduce the content of pollutants in waste liquids. Liquid
waste consists of black water and gray water. feces and urine. While gray water is
wastewater produced from rainwater runoff, CTPS residue, and washing water from
canteens. Water treatment facilities need to meet health facilities so as not to cause
odors, disturb aesthetics, and become nesting sites for disease vectors such as
mosquitoes and rats. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out routine cleaning activities
in sewage and drainage channels.

e. Waste Management
According to Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, waste is
defined as the residue of human activities and/or natural processes in solid form. Due
to its nature, concentration and volume, special management is required. Handling
garbage that does not meet health requirements can be a breeding ground for vectors
of diseases such as flies, rats, cockroaches. In addition, it can also cause soil pollution
and cause comfort and aesthetic disturbances. The activities of school residents both
from the classroom, canteen, school yard and bathroom or toilet will certainly
produce waste. The waste produced by school residents consists of:

1. Organic waste is waste that comes from the rest of living things such as plants
and animals and various kinds of preparations which are then disposed of which
can undergo weathering and can be decomposed. For example, waste leaves/tree
branches, food waste, and others.
2. Inorganic waste is waste produced from various processes that cannot be
decomposed naturally by bacteria, and requires a long time in decomposition.
For example, plastic waste, glass, used cans, and others.

f. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS)

6
 PHBS is an implementation of character education related to the value of caring
for the environment. PHBS will be successfully achieved through continuing
education and example from the principal and teachers for school residents to behave
clean and healthy. Clean living behavior (PHBS) is a set of behaviors practiced on
the basis of awareness as a result of learning, which makes a person, family, group
or community able to help themselves (independently) in the health sector and play
an active role in realizing public health. In this behavior, they consciously seek to
prevent diseases, improve their health, actively maintain the health of the school. The
target of all school residents, namely students, teachers, school staff, principals,
committees and parents of students is accustomed to using latrines for defecation and
bath purposes.

g. Healthy, nutritious and hygienic food and snacks

Balanced and adequate food intake will ensure the body becomes healthy, so that
it can support activities at school. School residents usually buy or consume clean,
hygienic and closed food in the school bride. Food in the school cafeteria must be
nutritious, clean, does not contain harmful ingredients and the use of cooked water
for drinking needs.

2.3 School Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructure Component Standards

The components of school sanitation facilities and infrastructure discussed in the
guidelines: clean water, school latrines, hand washing with soap, liquid waste
management, waste management. Regarding the standards of sanitation, the sanitation
standards according to the components mentioned above:

a. Clean Water Standard

1. Schools have sufficient water availability in each unit of latrines and
handwashing facilities. Ideally, water availability is 10 liters/person/day.
2. There is a water container in the latrine to collect clean water and easy to clean
so as not to become a breeding ground for mosquito larvae or other disease-
carrying animals.

7
 3. In quality and physique water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless and does not
contain toxins and heavy metals. If the water does not meet these requirements,
use illustration or filtration tools to filter the water.
4. Water is easy to reach and get by all school residents during school activities.
5. The distance between the water source and the wastewater disposal plant (PAL)
or tangka seplik is at least 11 meters.

b. School Latrine Standards

1. The minimum area of one latrine unit is recommended at 2 square meters.
2. Latrines of learners between women and men should be separated.
3. The activity of using latrines is not easily seen and heard from the outside.
4. Latrines are equipped with good quality doors that can be locked and opened for
the security and safety of latrine users.
5. The location of the latrine is not far away and can be monitored easily.
6. The latrine must be clean before and after use.
7. Maintain the cleanliness of latrines by arranging picket schedules, both students
and teachers, and other school staff.
8. The latrine room has adequate lighting and ventilation for air exchange. If there
is no electricity, some latrine roofs can use fiber glass or glass plastic on the roof
so that the latrine is not dark.
9. The availability of clean water, soap, closed trash cans, mirrors, hangers, hand
washing stations, water storage containers and dippers in each latrine unit,
especially in latrines for students.
10. Liquid waste from latrines is not directly discharged into the school
environment, but is treated first through wastewater disposal plants (PAL) or
septic tanks.
11. The distance between the water source and the wastewater disposal plant (PAL)
or tangka seplik is at least 11 meters.
12. Building construction is in accordance with the size of the slope to avoid puddles
and quality construction materials are selected.

c. Waste management standards

8
 1. There are segregated and closed trash cans in every room and other public places
(school yard, canteen, etc.).
2. Garbage cans are closed in women's latrines to dispose of used sanitary pads.
3. Waste must be sorted before transport: waste is sorted into organic or inorganic
waste. Organic waste can be composted while inorganic waste is processed
comprehensively.
4. In every classroom there should be a trash can.
5. In schools, temporary garbage disposal sites (TPS) are available.
6. Schools need to cooperate with relevant agencies or partners for waste
transportation and management.

d. Handwashing Station Availability

Dirty hands have the potential to transmit disease. The habit of washing hands
with soap can reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases by 30%. The availability of
hand washing stations equipped with soap aims to maintain oneself and practice the
habit of washing hands with soap before eating or after defecating is one of the Clean
and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS). Based on the provisions of the Ministry of
Health, every 2 (two) classrooms there must be one sink located outside the room.

e. Wastewater Disposal Facilities

Wastewater disposal facilities that do not meet health requirements or are not
maintained will cause odors, interfere with aesthetics and become a breeding and
nesting place for rats. This condition has the potential to cause and transmit diseases
such as leptospirosis and filariasis (elephantiasis).

9
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
School sanitation is one of the important elements in an effort to improve the quality
of education. Increasing access to sanitation in schools can have a significant impact on
improving the quality of health and comfort of students in schools and indirectly
contribute to increasing school enrollment rates.
The school has complete sanitation commodity, including separate latrines for men
and women with clean water available around the clock, handwashing facilities with
running water and soap available, trash cans and sewerage.

3.2 Suggestions
10
 The author realizes that the paper above still has shortcomings and is far from perfect
both in terms of writing methods, materials and references. Therefore, the author hopes
that the readers of the paper provide criticism / suggestions. The author will also make
improvements to the paper based on constructive criticism and suggestions from readers
and various other sources.

11
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fitriani, Afia, dkk. 2021. SANITASI SEKOLAH.

Kepmenkes RI. 2006. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor

1429.MENKES/SK/XII/2006 Tentang Pedoman Peyelenggaraan Kesehatan
Lingkungan Sekolah. Jakarta.

Menteri Pendidikan Nasional. (2007). Permendiknas No 24 tentang Standar Sarana dan

Prasarana Sekolah/Madrasah Pendidikan Umum. Jakarta: Depdiknas

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah.

Sanitariankit.id. 2019. HYGIENE SANITASI SEKOLAH. HYGIENE SANITASI SEKOLAH

- Sanitarian Kit. Diakses pada tanggal 3 April 2024.

12
 VOCABULARY LIST

Number English Indonesian

1. Water Air
2. Behavior Perilaku
3. Biological Biologi
4. Chemical Kimia
5. Cholera Kolera
6. Sanitation Sanitasi
7. Dieses Penyakit
8. Fungtions Fungsi
9. Educate Mendidik
10. Implementation Penerapan
11. Environment Lingkungan
12. Washing Mencuci
13. Consuming Mengonsumsi
14. Concentration Konsentrasi
15. Learning Belajar
16. Practice Berlatih
17. Health Sehat
18. Vulnerable Rentan
19. Human Manusia
20. Effective Efektif
21. Infections Menular
22. Fulfilling Memenuhi
23. Cleanliness Kebersihan
24. Influence Pengaruh
25. Circumstances Keadaan
26. Maintain Pemeliharaan
27. Sewage Limbah
28. Soap Sabun
29. Trash Cans Tong Sampah
30. Utensils Perkakas

13
31. Foodstuffs Bahan Makanan
32. Latrines Jamban
33. Feces Tinja
34. Disturb Mengganggu
35. Rats Tikus
36. Drainage Saluran Air
37. Weathering Pelapukam
38. Disturbances Gangguan
39. Hygiene Kebersihan
40. Waste Water Air Limbah

14