A Project Report on

Smart Helmet
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG.

By
Kumar Vishu- 2000820310006

Under the guidance of

Project Guide Project Coordinator

Dr. Kshitij Shinghal Dr. Amit Saxena
(Assistant Professor & HOD) (Assistant Professor)

Department OF ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-2, MORADABAD- 244001 (U.P.)

Session:2023-2024
 DECLARATION

I, Kumar Vishu, certify that the work embodied in this Project Report
is my own bonafide work carried out by us under the supervision of
Dr. Kshitij Shinghal in session 2023-24 at Moradabad Institute of
Technology, Moradabad. The matter embodied in this report has not
been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree/diploma.
I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and
referred to the researchers work wherever their works have been cited
in the text and the body of the report. I further certify that I have not
wilfully lifted up some other’s work, para, text, data, results, etc.
reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations,
theses, etc., or available at websites and have included them in this
report and cited as our own work.

Signature:
Name: - Kumar Vishu
Roll no: -2000820310006

Date:
Place:
 Moradabad Institute of Technology
Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.
MORADABAD-244001
Session 2023–2024

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Kumar Vishu, student of B.Tech. Final year,
Electronics and Communication branch, Moradabad Institute of
Technology, Moradabad have successfully completed their project
entitled “Smart Helmet” under our guidance and supervision.
While gleaming the required information and styling the report he was
found pretty sincere and devoted. The report produced by him is
completely authentic proof of their dedicated efforts. The assistance
and help taken during the course of the work has been duly
acknowledged and the source of literature amply recorded.

PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT INCHARGE

Dr. Kshitij Shinghal Dr. Amit Saxena

(Assistant Professor) (Assistant Professor)
E&C Engg. Deptt. E&C Engg. Deptt.

Dr. Kshitij Shinghal

Head of Department
Electronics & Communication Engg. Department
Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad

DATE: SEAL:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure, we would like to express our deeper sense of

gratitude to Dr. Kshitij Shinghal (HOD–E&C Engg.) and Project
Incharge Dr. Amit Saxena (Assistant Professor, E&C Deptt.)
Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad for their strenuous
guidance and giving us an opportunity to conduct our project work in
the institute.

We particularly want to express our thanks and respect to our Project

Guide Dr. Kshitij Shinghal (HOD E&C Deptt.), M.I.T. Moradabad
for inspiring us and giving us all the valuable suggestion from time to
time. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a
constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts
that our endeavours have seen light of the day.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of all the Faculty Members & Staff of the department
for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of
our project.
We are also grateful to our friends for their cooperation and
encouragement throughout the presentation of this project. This
project which is one of the most significant parts before the successful
completion of Engineering. Our most humble regards to our parents
for extending full cooperation. We are very grateful to the almighty
God who is source of energy within us.

Signature:
Name: Kumar Vishu
Rollno-2000820310006
Date:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Purpose of Project 2
1.3 Benefits 2
1.4 Advantages of Proposed Project 3

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

3 IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN 6

3.1 Flow Chart 6
3.2 Block Diagram 7
3.3 Working of Circuit 8
3.4 Stimulation Platform 8
3.5 Summary of the Chapter 9
4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 10
4.1 Stimulated Circuit 10
4.2 Pictures of working hardware 12
4.3 Summary of the Chapter 12

5 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 13

5.1 Conclusion 13
5.2 Future Scope 14

REFERENCES 15
APPENDIX A 16
APPENDIX B 19
APPENDIX C 20
APPENDIX D 21
 ABSTRACT

The Smart Helmet for Safety Enhancement project aims to revolutionize

personal safety in various industries by integrating advanced technology into
traditional safety gear. This innovative helmet incorporates a network of
sensors and intelligent systems to detect and prevent potential hazards,
ensuring enhanced protection for users in hazardous environments. Utilizing
a combination of cutting-edge hardware components and sophisticated
software algorithms, the smart helmet integrates features such as real-time
impact detection, environmental monitoring (including temperature and air
quality sensing), and GPS-based location tracking. These functionalities are
designed to mitigate risks, alert users to dangers, and provide prompt
assistance in emergency situations. The methodology involved the careful
selection and integration of sensors like accelerometers, gyroscopes,
temperature sensors, and communication modules within the helmet's
design. A user-friendly interface was developed to convey critical
information to the wearer and remote monitoring stations. Through rigorous
testing procedures simulating real-world scenarios, the smart helmet
demonstrated promising results in accurately detecting and responding to
potential risks. Evaluation of the prototype highlighted its reliability, user
comfort, and potential applications across industries such as construction,
mining, sports, and emergency services.
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Details

01. Flow chart of our system

02. Block Diagram of our Framework
03. Pin Diagram of Arduino UNO
04. MQ-3 Sensor
05. Buzzer
06. Simulated Circuit
07. Result 1
08. Result 2
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Safety has been a paramount concern across industries where human lives
are exposed to hazardous environments. The need for innovative solutions to
enhance personal safety has led to the development of advanced wearable
technology. Among these innovations, the emergence of the smart helmet
stands as a pioneering endeavour, revolutionizing traditional protective gear
by integrating state-of-the-art technology.

The Smart Helmet for Safety Enhancement project addresses the imperative
need for heightened safety measures in occupational settings prone to potential
risks and accidents. This project seeks to amalgamate cutting-edge hardware
components and intelligent software systems within the framework of a helmet,
transforming it into a proactive safety apparatus.
The primary objective of this project is to create a wearable device that
surpasses the limitations of conventional helmets. By embedding an array of
sensors and implementing sophisticated algorithms, this smart helmet aims to
detect, mitigate, and alert users to potential hazards in real-time. Its
functionalities encompass a spectrum of safety features, including impact
detection, environmental monitoring, and location-based services, tailored to
ensure immediate response and aid in emergencies.

The motivation behind this endeavour lies in the stark reality of occupational
hazards, where accidents often lead to severe injuries or even fatalities. By

1
infusing intelligence into safety gear, we endeavour to minimize risks, provide
early warnings, and optimize response times in critical situations.
This introduction delineates the overarching objective of the smart helmet
project: to harness technological advancements for proactive risk mitigation and
the assurance of enhanced safety measures in high-risk environments. Through
the convergence of technology and safety, this project aspires to redefine the
standards of personal protection and minimize the inherent risks in various
industries.

1.2 PURPOSE OF PROJECT

The purpose of a smart helmet project revolves around leveraging advanced
technology to enhance safety measures in various industries and activities.

1.3 BENEFITS

1.3.1 Time Efficiency:

Smart helmets offer a significant time-saving advantage compared to manual
methods. These helmets can work autonomously, allowing users to focus on
other tasks while the detection is being taken care of. This benefit is especially
valuable in both residential and commercial settings where time is a precious
resource.

1.3.2 Low Maintenance Requirements:

Smart helmets typically have low maintenance requirements. Regular
maintenance tasks are often simple, such as alcohol sensor cleaning. This ease
of maintenance adds to the overall convenience of using these robots.

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1.4 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED PROJECT

1.4.1 Efficiency Boost:

The implementation of the proposed project results in a significant boost in
efficiency in alcohol detection processes. Traditional manual methods can be
time-consuming and labour-intensive. With the introduction of smart helmets,
the detection process becomes streamlined and automated. These helmets can
work continuously without human intervention, covering larger areas and
completing the task in less time. The efficiency boost is particularly valuable in
both residential and commercial settings where time is a critical resource.

1.4.2 User-Friendly Operation:

One of the key advantages of the proposed project is its user-friendly
operation. The controls are designed to be intuitive, making it easy for users
to understand and operate the smart helmets. Additionally, the project
includes user convenience.The combination of intuitive controls and a
ensures that users, even those with limited technical expertise, can
seamlessly integrate the technology into their daily routines.

1.4.3 Thorough Running:

The proposed project incorporates advanced sensors in the alcohol detection
helmets, ensuring a thorough and comprehensive detection process. These
sensors enable the helmets to detect alcohol.

3
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Safety has been a paramount concern across industries where human lives are
exposed to hazardous environments. The need for innovative solutions to
enhance personal safety has led to the development of advanced wearable
technology. Among these innovations, the emergence of the smart helmet stands
as a pioneering endeavour, revolutionizing traditional protective gear by
integrating state-of-the-art technology.
The Smart Helmet for Safety Enhancement project addresses the imperative need
for heightened safety measures in occupational settings prone to potential risks
and accidents. This project seeks to amalgamate cutting-edge hardware
components and intelligent software systems within the framework of a helmet,
transforming it into a proactive safety apparatus.
The primary objective of this project is to create a wearable device that
surpasses the limitations of conventional helmets. By embedding an array of
sensors and implementing sophisticated algorithms, this smart helmet aims to
detect, mitigate, and alert users to potential hazards in real-time. Its
functionalities encompass a spectrum of safety features, including impact
detection, environmental monitoring, and location-based services, tailored to
ensure immediate response and aid in emergencies.

TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION
Arduino Integration:
Recent studies underscore the pivotal role of Arduino microcontrollers in the
development of smart helmet. Arduino stands out for its adaptability,
programmability, and responsiveness in executing complex routines. The
adaptability of Arduino allows developers to customize and integrate it

4
seamlessly into the robotic system, making it a versatile choice for a wide range
of applications. Programmability is a key advantage, enabling developers to
define intricate algorithms and routines tailored to the specific needs of the
environment. Arduino's responsiveness ensures real-time execution of these
routines, contributing to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the detection
process. The section emphasizes how Arduino integration is instrumental in
creating intelligent and adaptable smart helmets.

Sensor Technologies
MQ3 Sensor:
Advanced sensors, particularly LiDAR and alcohol sensors, play a crucial role
in achieving precise navigation and alcohol detection for smart helmet. The
literature explores the importance of alcohol sensors in optimizing the helmet’s
movements and enhancing its ability to navigate confined spaces effectively.
Alcohol sensors emit sound waves and analyze their reflections to determine the
air to objects, enabling the helmet to detect around obstacles with accuracy.
LiDAR, on the other hand, uses laser beams to create detailed maps of the
surroundings. Together, these sensors contribute to the helmet’s spatial
awareness.

5
 CHAPTER 3
IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN

3.1 FLOW CHART

:

Figure 3.1: Flow chart of our system

6
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of our Framework

Arduino Uno:
- The Arduino Uno serves as the central processing unit and control hub for the
floor cleaning robot. It hosts the main microcontroller responsible for executing
the programmed instructions and managing the interactions between various
components.

. MQ3 Sensor:
- An alcohol sensor is integrated to facilitate alcohol detection and. It emits
waves and the time it takes for the waves to bounce back. By calculating the air
to obstacles, the sensor provides crucial input for the helmet’s collision
avoidance.

7
3.3 WORKING OF CIRCUIT

A smart helmet typically involves sensors for navigation and obstacle

avoidance, along with a detecting mechanism. The basic working would
include:

i) Navigation System: Sensors like infrared or ultrasonic sensors are

used for detecting obstacles and walls, helping the helmet navigate
around the door.
ii) Detection Mechanism: The helmet usually has a detecting
mechanism like air or gas.
iii) Motor Control: Motors drive the wheels for movement and control
the cleaning mechanism. Programming guides the robot's movements
and actions.
iv) Power Source: The robot is powered by a rechargeable battery,
ensuring it can operate for a reasonable duration before needing a
recharge.
v) Control Unit: A microcontroller or a small onboard computer
processes sensor inputs and controls the motors and cleaning
mechanism based on the programmed logic.
vi) Safety Features: To prevent damage or accidents, safety features
might be incorporated, such as emergency stop buttons or sensors to
detect stairs or other hazards.

3.4 SIMULATION PLATFORM

The simulation platform that we have used for programming Arduino UNO is –
Arduino IDE.

8
3.4.1 Arduino IDE

The Arduino integrated development environment or Arduino software program

(IDE) includes a code editor for creating and editing programming code, an
output display area, an input console, toolbars with various functions for common
functions, and several There is a menu of Use a USB cable to connect the
Arduino module, download the package to communicate with the module, and
create a cartoon. Applications created using the Arduino software program (IDE)
are called comic strips. These code and sketches are initialized with the .ino
document extension in the IDE's code editor. The Output Viewer shows the
textual content returned by the IDE, including full error messages and other facts.
The lower right corner of the window shows the configured modules and serial
interfaces. From the toolbar drop-down menu, you can view and load code files,
create code called sketches, keep it open, and open the serial monitor.

3.5 SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

This chapter of the report provides details on the technical implementation of the
model. We described the design of the model, the hardware implementation, and
the software used. This section of the report consists of detailed descriptions of
the hardware and software components used.
Here is a detailed description of the flow charts and block diagrams. A step-by-
step procedure is used to illustrate the flowchart. Block diagram creation includes
a visual representation of the block diagram, a detailed description and detailed
information about the components used in the block diagram, and the
technologies used to achieve the desired results and goals in relation to the
desired conditions. The detailed operation of the circuit is also defined in step-by-
step form in this part of the report. Here are the different simulation platforms
used (Proteus and Arduino IDE) and their detailed information.

9
 CHAPTER-4
RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4.1 SIMULATED CIRCUIT

10
 Figure 4.1: Simulated Circuit

4.1.1. Simulation Software Setup:

- Begin by selecting a suitable simulation software that supports the
components needed for the smart helmet simulation. Popular simulation
tools include TinkerCAD, LTspice, or Proteus.

4.1.2. Arduino Uno Integration:

- Simulate the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central processing unit
for the robot. The Arduino Uno controls the overall operation of the robot,
processing sensor inputs and sending commands to the motors.

4.1.3. MQ3 Sensor Implementation:

- Integrate a virtual ultrasonic sensor into the simulated circuit. This sensor
emulates the real-world functionality of detecting alcohol by emitting waves

11
and measuring their reflection. Configure the sensor parameters, such as
update frequency.

4.1.4. Connection and Wiring:

- Use virtual wires to connect the ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Uno, motors,
and wheels just as you would with physical components in a real circuit.
Ensure that the connections reflect the actual wiring of the components in the
robot.

4.1.5. Programming the Arduino Uno:

- Write and upload a simulated Arduino program that replicates the logic
of the floor cleaning robot. The program should include instructions for
reading sensor data, making decisions based on that data, and controlling the
motors accordingly.

4.2 PICTURES OF WORKING HARDWARE

12
 Figure 4.2: Result 1

4.3 SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

In the chapter on smart helmet, the helmet is introduced as a solution to

automate and simplify the task of drunk and drive cases. The technology and
features of the helmet are discussed, highlighting its ability to navigate tight
spaces, detect alcohol. Challenges, benefits, and potential future
developments in smart helmet may also be explored in the chapter.

CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

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5.1 CONCLUSION
The emergence of smart helmets represents a significant leap forward in
automation, promising enhanced convenience and efficiency in maintaining
safety within driving. These innovative devices are designed to alleviate the
burden of manual detection, providing users with a hands-free and time-
saving solution. In this comprehensive conclusion, we will explore the key
aspects, advantages, and considerations associated with smart helmets.

One of the primary advantages of these helmets lies in their autonomous

functionality. Equipped with sensors and advanced navigation systems, they
can intelligently makeover around environment. This autonomy allows users
to initiate the process and attend to other tasks while the helmet diligently
takes care of the driver. The time-saving aspect is particularly appealing in
our fast-paced lives, as it minimizes the effort required for routine chores.

Furthermore, the incorporation of smart technologies enhances the efficiency

of smart helmets. Many models come equipped with mapping capabilities,
enabling them to learn the layout over time. This not only contributes to
more thorough detection but also allows for customization, as users can
specify certain areas for focused attention or set according to their
preferences.

The versatility of these helmets is a notable feature. They are designed to

adapt to various bikes and scooters. Additionally, some models come with
interchangeable attachments.

While smart helmet offers undeniable advantages, it is essential to consider

certain factors before investing in one. The effectiveness of these devices
can be influenced by the design and technology employed. Users should
14
 carefully evaluate reviews, specifications, and real-world performance to
ensure the selected helmet aligns with their specific needs.

5.2. FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of the smart helmet project envisions a transformative

trajectory, propelling it into an era of fully autonomous helmet that
transcend conventional boundaries. This expansive vision encompasses
diverse facets, ranging from enhanced capabilities and multifunctional
operations to a commitment to accident-free living, ultimately eliminating
the need for human interventions.

 Incorporating Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI):

The next frontier involves the integration of advanced artificial intelligence
algorithms. Future iterations of the smart helmet will leverage machine
learning and AI to enhance decision-making capabilities. These
advancements will enable the robot to adapt to dynamic environments, learn
from its interactions, and continuously optimize its strategies.

REFERENCES

[1] MQ3 datasheet. Website (www.ti.com)

[2] S.Muruganandhan, G.Jayabaskaran, P.Bharathi, “LabVIEW-NI ELVIS

II based Speed Control of DC Motor,” International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)Volume 4 Issue 4, April
2013.

15
[3] A Technical Analysis of Autonomous Floor Cleaning Robots Based on
US Granted Patents, European International Journal of Science and
Technology Vol. 2 No. 7 September 2013. Liu, Kuotsan1, Wang

[4] http://web.stevens.edu/ses/me/fileadmin/me/senior_design/2007/
group01/DesignFinal.pdf

[5] http://eng.najah.edu/sites/eng.najah.edu/files/robotic_vacuum_pre_1.pptx

[6] http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/sdp/sdp05/preston/sdp_data/Draft
%20System%20Specificati on.doc

[7] http://letsmakerobots.com/node/40288

[8] http://www.intorobotics.com/build-diy-roomba-style-robot-vacuum-
cleaner/

[9] http://www.irobot.com/For-the-Home/Vacuum-Cleaning/Roomba.aspx

[10].docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v1/tutorials/arduino-ide-v1-basics

APPENDIX A
MAIN SOURCE CODE: -

#define sensorDigital

16
#define Motor 9

#define buzzer 8

#define sensorAnalog

A1

void setup() {

pinMode(sensorDigita

l, INPUT);

pinMode(Motor,

OUTPUT);

pinMode(buzzer,

OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

bool digital =

digitalRead(sensorDigi

tal);

17
 int analog =

analogRead(sensorAna

log);

Serial.print("Analog value

: ");

Serial.print(analog);

Serial.print("t");

Serial.print("Digital

value :");

Serial.println(digital);

if (digital == 0) {

digitalWrite(Motor,

HIGH);

digitalWrite(buzzer,

HIGH);

} else

digitalWrite(Motor,

18
LOW);

digitalWrite(buzzer,

LOW);

APPENDIX B

SIMULATED CIRCUIT

19
 Fig: Simulated circuit

APPENDIX C

CO-GUIDE

Name: Dr. Amit Saxena

Designation: Assistant Professor

20
Qualification: Ph.D.

Experience: 19 yr.

Department:Electronics and Communication Engineering

E-mail: amitssaksena@gmail.com

GUIDE

Name: Dr. Kshitij Singhal

Designation: Assistant Professor

Qualification: Ph.D.

Experience: 21 yr.

Department:Electronics and Communication Engineering

E-mail: kshinghal@gmail.com

APPENDIX D

Kumar Vishu

Student, Electronics and Communication Department

Year: 4th

Session: 2023-2024

21
Roll No.: 2000820310006

E-Mail: babasaivishu@gmail.com

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