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    Tetracyclins 2020

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    hamzaasayed54
    PHARMACOLOGY tetracycline group of antibiotics

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    Tetracyclins 2020

    Uploaded by

    hamzaasayed54
    6 views3 pages
    PHARMACOLOGY tetracycline group of antibiotics

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    tetracyclins2020

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PHARMACOLOGY tetracycline group of antibiotics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views3 pages

    Tetracyclins 2020

    Uploaded by

    hamzaasayed54
    PHARMACOLOGY tetracycline group of antibiotics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    TETRACYCLINES

    Names Natural՝ Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline Semisynthetic Methacycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline,


    Properties Demeclocycline, Tigecycline

    Target 30-S subunit of ribosome

    Mechanism of action  blocking tRNA connection with ribosome


     preventing adding of new amino acids in the growing chain of synthesized protein
     form chelate complexes with Mg2+, Ca2+ ions, resulting in inhibition of different enzyme systems
     inhibit protein synthesis
    Type of action bacteriostatic

    Spectrum of action is broad Gram “+”, Gram “-“Cocci, Spirochetes, Bacillary and Amebic dysentery, Doxycycline is active
    Pathogen of typhoid fever, intracellular pathogens. Especially dangerous infections, such against Helicobacter pylori
    as plague, tularemia, brucellosis, cholera, borreliosis, siberian ulcer etc
    Tigecycline tetracycline-
    resistant strains, MRSA
    and vancomycin-resistant
    strains
    Pharmacokinetics

    way of administration orally


    Tetracycline can be Oxytetracycline is Doxycycline, Minocycline also i/v Tigecycline is poorly
    used i/m used only topically absorbed orally and must
    be administered
    intravenously
    bioavailability 50% 100%

    distribution  easily penetrate through the different tissues and serous cavities (synovial, pleural, ascitic fluids)
     placental barrier (shouldn`t be administered during pregnancy) and breast milk
     penetrate well into the cells, they are also active during intracellular infections.

    BBB poorly cross blood-brain barrier even during meningitis (except Minocycline)
    regim of administration The most prolonged action have Doxycycline and Minocycline, they are administered once in a day

    excreted by kidney and liver


    Doxycycline, Minocycline
    excretion (90%) excreted by bile
    Uses  Especially dangerous infections: cholera, plague, Siberian ulcer, brucellosis, tularemia, borreliosis
     Rickettsioses (typhus, Q-fever)
     Osteomyelitis, infectious arthritis (including gonococcal)
     Chlamydiosis
     Mycoplasma pneumonia
     Urogenital infections
     Skin and soft tissue infections, the antibiotic of the first choice is Minocycline
     Amebiasis
     Stomach ulcer disease (Doxycycline)
     skin and soft tissue infection, intra-abdominal infections, and community acquired pneumonia (Tigecycline)
    Specific side effects  First of all, fast developing cells are affected, which is expressed by inhibition of hemopoiesis
    (thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia), spermatogenesis, as well as disturbance of intestines, skin epithelial
    cell division (dyspepsia, erosions, ulcers, stomatitis, glossitis, malabsorption, dermatitis, photosensibilization
    (except Metacycline.)
     Catabolic effect (hypotrophy, decreased resistance toward infections, neuromuscular transmission disorders).
     Hepatotoxicity.
     Disturbance of the development of teeth and bones. In children the syndrome of “tetracycline teeth” can be
    observed, which is expressed at the age above 2 by eruption of yellow ”tetracycline” teeth with irregular shape
    and localization and predisposition to caries development.
     Fast intravenous injection of Doxycycline may result in development of cardiac failure and collapse, the reason
    of which is fast binding of Ca2+ ions.
     Increase of intracranial pressure and meningism among children of early age
     Vestibular ototoxicity, mainly typical for Minocycline
     Diabetes insipidus. Demeclocycline is an antagonist of antidiuretic.
     Teratogenic action
     Pseudomembranous colitis
    Secondary resistance develops rather slowly and has a cross character
    develops rather slowly and  Alterations of transporting mechanisms (decreased membrane permeability to tetracyclines) or acquisition of
    has a cross character efflux pumps, pumping out antibiotic from the cell.
     Synthesis of protein, disturbing binding of tetracyclines to ribosomes.
     Production of tetracycline destroying enzymes, very seldom.

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