Hydrology

basic
subsurface
flow
Hydrology (Group 2)
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Radial Groundwater flow in Confined Aquifer
Radial Groundwater flow in Unconfined

Aquifer
Travel time of groundwater in Confined

Aquifer
rain groundwater flow in
confined aquifer
When precipitation occurs, a portion of the water infiltrates

the soil. If there exists a unique subterranean reservoir
known as an aquifer, and it's encased by impermeable strata
(confined), the rainwater has the capacity to permeate
through the earth and accumulate within this aquifer. This
process is what leads to the phenomenon termed rain
groundwater flow within a confined aquifer.
CONFINED AQUIFER
A primary source for well tapping and is defined to

be an aquifer bounded by an upper and lower bed
of material that allows only small amounts of
groundwater to penetrate through.
A non- steadystateflowis aflowin which the

velocity changes direction or magnitude at some
point in time.
Radial Groundwater flow
in Unconfined
Describes how water moves beneath the surface, expanding
in a circular manner from a central source, often found in
aquifers without confining layers. As water seeps into the
soil, it spreads horizontally in every direction from the point
of entry, driven by gravity, forming a radial flow pattern.
This phenomenon predominantly happens in unconfined
aquifers, where water can permeate through porous
materials without being restricted by layers that block its
movement.
unCONFINED AQUIFER
An unconfined aquifer is a layer beneath the Earth's

surface that holds water and lacks impermeable
layers above it, allowing water to move in and out
freely.
Due to the absence of confining layers, this type

of aquifer is more prone to contamination from
surface pollutants and reacts promptly to
variations in rainfall or groundwater extraction.
difference BETWEEN confined
and uncondined aquifer
CONFINED UNCONFINED
is an aquifer below the land is an aquifer whose upper water

surface that is saturated with surface (water table) is at
water. Layers of impermeable atmospheric pressure, and thus is
material are both above and able to rise and fall. Water-table
below the aquifer, causing it to aquifers are usually closer to the
be under pressure so that when Earth's surface than confined
the aquifer is penetrated by a aquifers are, and as such are
well, the water will rise above impacted by drought conditions
the top of the aquifer. sooner than confined aquifers.
Travel time of groundwater in
Confined Aquifer
Travel time interval between recharge and discharge points

is defined as travel time around waterfall a locale increase in
hydraulics conductivity of the sediment includes the
decrease in travel time the higher hydraulics conductivity of
the shell reaches yields shorter travel time when the
hydraulics conductivity is similar there is a decrease in the
travel time as the recharge increases.
Travel Time is Used in
Several Application
monitoring system
Designing Exploitation are established to oversee various
involves creating methods for processes.
resource extraction.
Assessing the Potential for

Identifying Areas Affected Natural Attenuation
by Contaminant Migration Pollutants
helps pinpoint pollution sources. involves evaluating the ability of
the environment to naturally
reduce pollutant levels.
Conclusion
In conclusion, rainfall seeps into the ground, gathering in aquifers, which
can be either confined or unconfined, causing groundwater to flow. In
confined aquifers, water moves through impermeable layers, whereas in
unconfined ones, it disperses outward from the entry point. The duration
between recharge and discharge points affects groundwater flow, with faster
movement occurring in aquifers with higher hydraulic conductivity,
especially in unconfined ones where water easily permeates through porous
materials.
REFERENCES
https://www.coursehero.com/file/85766097/Radial-Groundwater-Flow-in-Confined-
Aquiferpptx/?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR2sqxr7eCBQ1CfMPR5gWk0canI21ZCEFwnl_gbsEI
jltJ-
j_p9YKgEVJrE_aem_AQeYXQAVTGa1drM7j0ZDqMhkh4pjvVsNzAhc4570VAciAUe0j
FLUt9vMnt-C8Gr4Xibi9I_7J2IRuSidjmgu_b74
https://www.scribd.com/document/712063690/TRAVEL-TIME-OF-GROUND-
WATER-IN-CONFINED-AQUIFER-1?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR31AuyNDh3tVq_WOEXW1k_ao6D-
0buJK727LvWwY5C5XDAZkAv9taxGBso_aem_AQeD5u6z0tgVjTdrEApIIH92ldqSjmp
Q2Qrpivmmgmiz8JlhjT4s1BisLZ_9ke1kXbUuM41nXXnzXalk2Yn9HoC_
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basic

Radial Groundwater flow in Unconfined

Travel time of groundwater in Confined

When precipitation occurs, a portion of the water infiltrates

A primary source for well tapping and is defined to

A non- steadystateflowis aflowin which the

An unconfined aquifer is a layer beneath the Earth's

Due to the absence of confining layers, this type

is an aquifer below the land is an aquifer whose upper water

Travel time interval between recharge and discharge points

Assessing the Potential for

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