UGM KapitaSelekta

06/09/2023
Outline
• Tomography Overview
ELECTRICAL TOMOGRAPHY • Electrical Tomography Overview
Potensi Market dan Peluang Pengembangan Sistem Pencitraan-
• Applications
Noninvasif untuk Dunia Industri dan Biomedis
• Research and Developments
MARLIN RAMADHAN BAIDILLAH, PH.D • Company List
PUSAT RISET ELEKTRONIKA, BADAN RISET DAN INOVASI NASIONAL • Research Vacancies in BRIN
KST BJ HABIBIE, KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN, 5 SEPTEMBER 2023 • Research Vacancies in Worldwide (Japan, US)
5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 2
TOMOGRAPHY OVERVIEW TOMOGRAPHY OVERVIEW

TYPES OF PENETRATING ENERGY
LINEAR TOMOGRAPHY Receiver NON-LINEAR TOMOGRAPHY (Soft-Field)
(Hard-field) Transmitter Transmitter Receiver
Tomography is imaging technique by Beginner QA:
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)
sections or sectioning of object that Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT)
Q: Why do we need Tomography? X-ray computed Tomography (CT-Scan), Mutual Inductance Tomography (MIT)
uses any penetrating wave: ultrasound, Microwave Tomography (MT)
A: Exploring inside the object without damaging and intrusive. Ultrasound transmission tomography
x-ray, electromagnetic wave etc. Etc. Receiver Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Receiver
Etc.
Q: What interesting is the inside of object?
A: In medical field: a disease, malfunction organ, or anomaly physiology.
In industrial field: volume fraction, anomaly object, processes detection. TYPES OF IMAGING APPLICATIONS
Q: Why there are so many modalities of Tomography? FUNCTIONAL IMAGING

Fig. Basic principle of tomography (S1 & S2) compared A: Different object has a specific respond to some penetrating wave. ANATOMICAL IMAGING
with not tomography (P) (source image: wikipedia)
The process change or physiological condition

Structure inside of the object difference of the structure:
Normal or abnormal
5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 3 5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 4
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How does MRI Work?

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) Magnetic coil:
TYPES OF IMAGING APPLICATIONS 1. Produce main magnetic fields (B0)

→ aligns proton In the body
Gradient coil:
2. Produce secondary magnetic fields
ANATOMICAL IMAGING FUNCTIONAL IMAGING → distorts B0 in a predictable pattern
→ causing resonance frequency proton
• MRI • PET-CT to vary in a function of position.
• CT-SCAN • f-MRI
Radio Frequency coil:
• RONTGEN • Nonlinear tomography 3. Send RF pulse (transmitter)
• USG 4. As the RF turned off, the atoms
return the original position by releasing
DOI: 10.1007/s13735-018-0162-2 energy (electromagnetic signals)
5. Detect the electromagnetic signals
Estimated price per unit: Rp. 15 Miliar – 70 Miliar.* as function of position (receiver)
Estimated scan service: > Rp. 1 juta (20 – 90 menit), results after 1 week.**
Electrical Energy Consumption: 15 kWh *
*https://heartlandimagingcenters.com/2021/03/19/why-are-mris-so-expensive-at-hospitals/ Image reconstruction
** https://www.alodokter.com/cari-rumah-sakit/penyakit-dalam/mri-scan?page=1
RONTGEN science.howstuffworks.com/x-ray.htm
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN (CT SCAN)

How does it Work?
How does CT-scan Work?
1. X-ray source emits a series of

narrow beams of X-rays through
the human body
2. A series of detectors on the

opposite side of the patient
measures the amount of
radiation that passes through Photographic plate
the body.
3. Move the arc at different angle labcito.co.id/pemeriksaan-radiologi/
Estimated price per unit: Rp. 1 Miliar – 30 Miliar.* Estimated price per unit: > Rp. 100juta*
Estimated scan service: > Rp. 1 juta (30 – 60 menit), results after 1 day.** Image reconstruction Estimated scan service: > Rp. 200.000 (< 1 menit), results < 1 day.*
Electrical Energy Consumption: 42 kWh * Electrical Energy Consumption: 5 kWh *
*https://www.amberusa.com/blog/how-much-does-ct-machine-cost/
**https://www.alodokter.com/cari-rumah-sakit/penyakit-dalam/ct-scan?page=1 *https://www.mavenimaging.com/
https://www.omegapds.com/what-are-ct-scans-and-how-do-they-work/
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ULTRASONOGRAPHY Positron Emission Tomography (PET) & CT-SCAN

Wikimedia.org
gadingpluit-hospital.com
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81213
DOI: 10.1118/1.598392
CT PET
Estimated price per unit: > Rp. 15Miliar*
Estimated scan service: > Rp. 6juta (> 60 menit), results > 1 day.**
https://www.eetimes.com/high-performance-design-for-ultrasound-imaging/ Electrical Energy Consumption: 42 kWh *** IMAGE FUSSION
How does it Work?
• Different types of tissue reflect the sound • The patient is injected with a small amount of a radioactive tracer, called a radiopharmaceutical.
Estimated price per unit: > Rp. 100juta* • The radiopharmaceutical travels to the area being examined and emits positrons. How does it Work?
Estimated scan service: > Rp. 200.000 (< 1 menit), results < 1 day.** waves differently. • The positrons interact with electrons in the body to produce gamma rays.
Electrical Energy Consumption: 0.3 kWh * • These echoes determine the position, shape,
*https://e-katalog.lkpp.go.id/katalog/produk/detail/52760699?lang=id&type=general
and structure of the organs. *https://www.dotmed.com/browse/equipment/imaging/ct/pet-ct-mobile/all/
** https://siapdok.id/blog/rs-dharmais/
**www.cekpremi.com ***https://www.amberusa.com/blog/how-much-does-ct-machine-cost/
ELECTRICAL TOMOGRAPHY
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0328
Outline Modality
Electrical Impedance Tomography
Sensor
Conductive point
Electrical Properties Potential applications
Conductivity s, Relative permittivity er Multiphase flow, Agriculture, Biomedical
Electrical Capacitance Tomography Capacitive Plate Relative permittivity er Oil, Pharmaceutical monitoring
• Tomography Overview Mutual Inductance Tomography Coil Permeability m, Conductivity s, Molten metal flow, NDT
• Electrical Tomography Overview

• Applications EIT ECT MIT
• Company List
• Research Vacancies in BRIN
Block diagram Electrical Tomography System
• Research Vacancies in Worldwide (Japan, US)
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ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY AS A TOOL FOR PHENOTYPING PLANT ROOTS
Outline Corona-Lopez et al, 2019, J. Plant Methods.
Research problem: Studying the development of

the plant root system architecture is inherently
• Tomography Overview difficult as soil is not a transparent medium.

• Applications
• Company List
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF DECAY INSIDE TREES SONIC TOMOGRAPHY AND ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY
Research problem: The EIT measures the chemical properties http://www.zestecintegrated.com/contents/en-us/d6.html
Kieu et al, 2021, J. Polish Mineral Eng. Society
of the wood such as water content, ion concentration etc.,
which will change if decay is present in the tree.
Red = HIGH impedance (dry or/and little amount of ions)

5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 15 5 September 2023
Blue = LOW impedance (wet or/and high amount
Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 16
of ions)
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TO DETECT ACCURATELY THE ELECTRODE LOCATION IN THE CIRCUMFERENCE TREE TRUNK FRUIT QUALITY EVALUATION USING ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Pietro Ibba, dissertation, 2020, University Liedia de Bulsan
AUTOMATED FRUIT QUALITY TESTING USING AN ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY- SOIL CHARACTERIZATION USING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY (ERT)
ENABLED SOFT ROBOTIC GRIPPER ERT as a non-destructive tool of agricultural soil characterization after Turki, et al., 2019 doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4553-3
the digestate of fruit and vegetable (DFV) amendment application
Almanzor et al, 2022, IROS
10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981987
ERT profiles. a The initial zone. b–g The six zones affected by
different treatments
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Multiphase flow visualization by Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography Breast Cancer Detection by Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography
www.c-techlabs.com www.c-techlabs.com
MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY EIT DEVELOPMENT MOTIVATION FOR SOCIETY 5.0
IN MEDICAL FIELD
2015 Studies and development of Electrical impedance-spectro
tomography for human body part imaging for physiological
imaging in Society 5.0
1. Lung Imaging Our researches in Indonesia
(Nat’l Research & Innovation Agency: BRIN) Courtesy images:
2. Cardiac Imaging
http://www.em.eng.chiba-u.jp/~takei/top.htm
3. Brain tumor/activity Imaging
2020 Our works: Very very cheap & Robust
4. Breast tumor Imaging
5. Blood flow Very very expensive
6. Cells in microchannel 1.1
7. Muscle Imaging 0.85
8. Fat imaging Our researches in Takei Laboratory (Chiba University) 0.6
9. Gastric Imaging 0.35
10.Skin Imaging 0.1
Fig. Reconstructed image of

Fig. MRI image of numerical simulation free noise Fig. Reconstructed image of Experiment
Calf at sagital view Fig. Numerical simulation phantom of COMSOL on human at f = 1.32kHz with developed
multiphysics sensor and image reconstuction
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06/09/2023
𝑛
HOW DOES EIT WORK? Object of interest area
(sw,ew)
j
Z
Outline Impedance
Analyzer
Control
PC
I
i
V
𝐽Ԧ𝑖,𝑗 Current line
𝑢𝑖,𝑗 Equipotential line

• Tomography Overview Steps of work:
Fig. Concept of EIT
• Electrical Tomography Overview SWITCHING 1. Inject IAC at transmitter electrodes

2. Measures VAC at receiver electrodes
• Applications Data
3. Reconstructs conductivity s and permittivity er distribution at control PC
Acquisition
• Research and Developments (Market Issues) System The objective function for the image reconstruction:
• Company List 1 
s = arg min  F ( s ) − Z 2 +  L(s true ) 1 
2
s 0
2 
• Research Vacancies in BRIN Specification: s : the reconstructed conductivity distribution,
Currents : IAC = 1 mA Z : The impedance from experiment or dielectric relaxation modeling,
• Research Vacancies in Worldwide (Japan, US) Frequency : f = 100 Hz to 1 MHz F : the forward solver to predict Z from s,
Electrodes : m = 16 ports  : the regularization parameter based on L-curve,
Output data : Impedance Z & phase angle q L & I : the regularization & Identity matrix.
EIT works based on Quasi-static approximation that the electric displacement D is negligible under f = 1 MHz
CONCEPT OF EIT IMAGING Base line impedance value (reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON
All image reconstruction algorithms of EIT are developed only to Multi-frequency mf-EIT Time-difference td-EIT GAUSS NEWTON METHOD
show the change of conductivity s or permittivity e
Baseline impedance value: Baseline impedance value:
That is why we need a baseline impedance NO difference object difference object
Baseline impedance: information of geometry electrode and STEP BY STEP OF RECONSTRUCTION

The affordable option for Not proper for biological Fig. Jacobian matrix distribution J0: Adjacent simulation pattern
background electrical properties biological imaging imaging Require: initial guess 𝛒𝑘=0, compute 𝐉0(𝛒𝑘=0), compute
−1 𝑈𝑘=0(𝛒𝑘=0), compute R
Object interest - Object reference Normal condition in physiological analysis is differ to each person 𝛒𝑘+1 = 𝛒𝑘 + 𝐉𝑘𝑇 𝐉𝑘 + 𝛼𝐑𝑇 𝐑 × 𝐉𝑘𝑇 𝑉 − 𝑈𝑘 (1)
Inclusion (i) Set k = 1
Z Zref
Baseline impedance value ➔ Selected frequency based on
𝐽𝑘𝑛,𝑚 = 𝐽0,𝑘
𝑛,𝑚 𝑛,𝑚
+ 𝑟𝐽0,𝑘 𝛿 (2) Require: voltage measurement V
Prior information: spatial distribution
Abnormality difference Z 1 if 𝑛 = 𝑚 (ii) Estimate 𝛒𝑘+1 using equation (1)
Background However, an accurate prior information is not 𝛿=ቊ (3)
0 elsewhere (iii) recompute 𝐉𝑘+1by updating the element with 𝛒𝑘+1
available in the actual condition
Fig. Simplification the object of Inverse problem
interest
n & m are the electrode number ∈ ℝ1×16 (iv) recompute 𝑈𝑘+1 by updating the element with 𝛒𝑘+1
❑ mf-EIT works based on the fact that the electrical
r ＝0.5 [-] and 𝛼 = 0.001 [-] (v) recompute R by referring to the 𝐉𝑘+1
Final goal: Reconstructed image properties of the object of interest is frequency
dependent. 𝛒𝑘 is the resistivity distribution at k-th iteration. (vi) Set k = 2
Studies mf-EIT :
❑ mf-EIT assumes that the perturbation impedance of 𝐉𝑘 is the updated Jacobian matrix from its initial 𝐉0.
1. Spectral constraint (s-EIT) [Malone, 2014] R is the regularization matrix as a function of 𝐉𝑘 . (vii) Repeat the algorithm steps from step-(ii)
2. Spectral decomposition frequency-difference (sd-EIT) [Yang, 2016] background Zback and inclusion Zinc are different:
V is the voltage measurement from the experiment. (viii) Estimate the conductivity distribution by the
3. Frequency-difference (fd-EIT) [Yerworth, 2013]
4. Weighted frequency-difference (wfd-EIT) [Seo, 2008]
Zback ≠ Zinc 𝑈𝑘 is the voltage from Finite element with the updated element. inverse of resistivity distribution.
5. WFD5electrical
Septemberimpedance
2023 spectro-tomography (WFD-EIST)
Marlin R. Baidillah
[Baidillah, 2019]- Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 27 5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 28
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06/09/2023
THE NEED OF PORTABILITY AND HIGHER RESOLUTION/SENSITIVITY HOW TO SOLVE THE PORTABILITY CHALLENGE?
1. High accuracy, 2. High spatial resolution, 3. Fast measurement/Robust, 4. System cost, 5. Society approval
High accuracy
High spatial resolution
SIGNAL PROCESSING • Avoiding the error propagation from detecting physiological
Fast measurement image reconstruction algorithm change in human body is
Portable medical devices In term of scientific value:
How to detect inclusion (physiological • Multivariate analysis more difficult rather than
is not only about the change) in the noise intensity order • higher Fourier coefficient inclusion in industrial
miniaturization/ making Mostly comercialized challange
• Sparse compression signal processes
smaller size. In term of system
social value: SENSOR
Not portable Portable
How to increase the sensitivity • Higher electrode number
Bulky Handy size
Not safe for human detection on the whole of object • Adaptive electrode
Wearable (safe for human)
High power interest, adapt to surface topography • Conformal surface
Low power
1. Increasing the quality of life
2. Achieving better patient Mostly laboratory-based
outcomes system
3. Lowering the health care costs
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM • Parallel ADC,
4. Improving efficiency How to compute faster of • Parallel computing
5. New ways of Engaging and Low accuracy impedance/phase from the sampling • Data compression
empowering patients (iot) Low spatial resolution data, to measure with small size system • Mobile phone friendly
Slow measurement
HOW TO SOLVE THE HIGHER RESOLUTION/SENSITIVITY CHALLENGE?

OBJECTIVE OF DATA PREPARATION (IMPEDANCE MEAS. COLLECTION )
RECONSTRUCTION
16 1 2
15 3
14 4
13 5 (1) IMPEDANCE MEAS. COLLECTION (DATA PREPARATION)
12 6
11 7 Bioimpedance vs Biopotential ?
10 9 8
INPUT DATA OUTPUT
Impedance Source
Data
Acquisition (2) IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION NETWORK
System
Clinical Meanings Without Data inclusion, background, Poor image accuracy,
Preparation contact impedance, Feature poorly correlated Clinical meaningless,
noise, current leakage False detection
Cond Score
Normality
(3) POST-PROCESSING
Threshold Good image accuracy,
With Data
Clinical Impact/Decision inclusion, background Feature highly correlated Clinical meaning,
Preparation
Create social awareness True detection
Time
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DATA PREPARATION OF IMPEDANCE MEAS. COLLECTION MARKET ISSUES

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY Revenue problem to the company:
ON LAB Tranformation from lab to market needs a long-time
(1) Modifying the Stimulation Pattern
Classical issue for new technology:
(2) Time Difference Method ON MARKET
BEDSIDE: 1. New data for clinical decision making?
(3) Frequency Difference Method PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE, TELEMEDICINE 2. New data for adjunct analysis?
Varies among the HOBBIES / EDUCATION / SMART CITY
FISHERY / AGRICULTURE / MANUFACTURING
3. New interpretation?
(4) Dielectric modeling method applications. EIT users The total number of publications and citations with the phrase “Electrical Impedance
(5) Contact Impedance Elimination

should consider this part Tomography” in the title or abstract https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2022-0001
prior to the analysis!

(6) Ratiometric Reasons:
1. Society awareness
Current facts of EIT research & 2. Nonstandard
(7) Root transformation development: Operational Procedure
It is very easy to do EIT, but it is very
(8) Data decomposition hard to do it properly.
<Past> <Future>
ET as a SINGLE MODALITY ET as a part of MULTIMODALITY
https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-
• Complementary information: EIT provide electric-impedance-tomography-market
electrical properties information while
others provide anatomical information.
• Improved spatial resolution: EIT has lower
• Lower spatial resolution spatial resolution compared to other
• Limited depth penetration imaging techniques such as MRI and CT.
• Limited contrast resolution • Real-time monitoring: EIT has faster
• Limited anatomical information imaging capabilities compared to other
• Limited availability imaging techniques
• Reduced false positives: combining EIT
with mammography can improve the
accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis by
reducing the number of false positives
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06/09/2023
EIT LUNG MONITORING RESEARCH TO 2021: The Most Mature ET Applications

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841839/
Outline
• Applications
• Company List
EFFORTS HISTORY OF COMMERCIALIZE & LABORATORY-BASED ELECTRICAL

CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY (ECT) SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD PT. CTECH Labs Edwar Teknologi
Country Indonesia
ATOUT (PTL/TOMOFLOW) Price per unit: > Rp.500juta
「ECT/ERT, 32ch,bulky,SM」 www.c-techlabs.com
PTL(TOMOFLOW) ITOMS Tech4imaging

「ECT/EIT, 16ch,bulky,SM」「ECT/ERT, 24ch,bulky,SM」「DCPT, 32ch,bulky,SM」
2018
2007 2017
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Warsaw Univ of Technology

C-Tech Labs EWT
「EVT, 32ch,bulky,SM」
「ECVT, 32ch,bulky,SM」
Single modality (SM)
Multi modality (MM)
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06/09/2023
AtOutProcess Tech4Imaging
Country UK Country USA
Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar
www.atoutprocess.com www.tech4imaging.com
EFFORTS HISTORY OF COMMERCIALIZE & LABORATORY-BASED ELECTRICAL

ITOMS
Country UK IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY (EIT) SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD
Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar
www.itoms.com SWISSTOM(SENTEC) ATOUT (PTL/TOMOFLOW)
「EIT, 32ch,bulky,SM」「ERT, 32ch,bulky,SM」
Sciospec
Oxford Brookes Univ.
「EIT, 16ch,portable,SM」
「EIT:OXPACT-III, ??ch,bulky,SM」
ITOMS Nanjing U. Aeronautics & Astronautic
Univ. Manchester
「ERT, 24ch,bulky,SM」「EIT, 8ch,portable,SM」
「EIT:MARK-Ib, ??ch,bulky,SM」 ITRI, TAIWAN
「EIT, 16ch,portable,SM」
2009
2007
2008
2001
1993
1994
1991
2018 2021
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2025
Renselaer Polytechnic Inst. Chiba Univ. (Tomocloud)

「EIT:ACT-III, ??ch,bulky,SM」 Univ. Leeds 「EIT:LT-モニタ,32ch,portable,SM」
Univ. Sheffield 「EIT:voltage-applied, ??ch,bulky,SM」
「EIT:MARKIII, ??ch,bulky,SM」 Univ. Leeds
「EIT:FICA, ??ch,bulky,SM」
Single modality (SM) KyungHee U.

Multi modality (MM) 「EIT:BILAB, 16 ch,portable,SM」
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06/09/2023
ITOMS
Country UK
Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar SWISSTOM
www.itoms.com Country Switzerland
Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar
www.swisstom.com
SENTEC DRAEGER
Country UK Country GERMANY
Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar Price per unit: > Rp.1 Miliar
www.sentec.com www.draeger.com
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06/09/2023
Outline
Open Research Vacancies
• Applications
Electrical Tomography Research
• Research and Developments in BRIN
• Company List
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE SCANNING IN TELESURGERY ROBOT FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY PORTABLE CARDIAC IMAGING
Funding: Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju (RIIM) 2022 | Judul Proposal: Pengembangan perangkat wearable telemedicine untuk perawatan pasien penderita
Funding: Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju (RIIM) 2023 | Judul Proposal: Telesurgical Robotik System / PR Elektronika BRIN
gangguan jantung/ PR Elektronika BRIN
High demand! High demand!

Robot-Assisted in Minimally Invasive Surgery Routinely Cardiac Health Assessment by imaging
Research motivation:
Research motivation:
Detect critical subsurface tissues Electrode Belt
Convenient of monitoring function of the heart
and assess the surgical margin Electrical A+ chambers, heart valves, size of and blood flow
Impedance
V+ through major vessels Principle of measurement
Data
Fail detection Can detect Acquisition A-
Research problem:
System V-
Golden standard cardiac imaging tools are
Recurrence the surgery Successful of the surgery not convenient and high cost
Novel tools requirements: EIT DAQ
Research problem:
Our Approach
Limited intraoperative perception during surgery Imaging tools with non-invasive, portable, integrable
Processing tools: Expected results: • Thickness Fig. EIT for Cardiac imaging
• Frequency difference • Depth Our Approach
Novel tools requirements: • Time difference • Location
• Machine learning model • Tissue interface Cardiac imaging based on Electrical Impedance Tomography
Monitoring tools with non-invasive, portable, integrable • Dielectric relaxation model • Inhomogeneity
Ref:
Ref: 1. Baidillah, et al., Mechanical Ventilation Intervention Based on Machine Learning from vital signs monitoring: A scoping review, 2023, MST.
1. Rifai, Baidillah, et al., Sodium Concentration Imaging in Dermis Layer by Square-wave Open Electrical Impedance Tomography (SW-oEIT) with Spatial Voltage Thresholding (SVT), 2023, Biomed. Phys. Eng. Exp. 2. Ogawa, Baidillah, et al., Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Tomography With Ratiometric Preprocessing for Imaging Human Body Compartments, 2022, IEEE TIM.
2. Rifai, Baidillah, et al., Quantification of dermis sodium concentration in skin layers by power spectral density drop of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS), 2023, MST. 3. Wicaksono, Baidillah, et al., Pocket Electrical Impedance Tomography (p-EIT) System With Wide Impedance Range Buffer- Mirrored Current Source (BMCS), 2021, IEEE TIM.
3. Ibrahim, Baidillah, et al., Sodium-Ion Concentration Extraction in Dermis Layer by Time-constant domain Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (TCD-EIS) with Dermis Separation Model (DSM), 2023, MST (review). 5 September
4. Baidillah, 2023
et al., Electrical Marlin
Impedance Spectro-Tomography (EIST) based on R. Baidillah
Dielectric - Pusat
Relaxation Riset
Model, Elektronika
2017, - BRIN
IEEE Sensor. 52
4. Ibrahim, Baidillah, et al., Skin Layer Classification in Conductivity Change by Source Indicator Trained from Feedforward Neural Network in Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy, 2023, IEEE OJIM (Review)
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ELSA BRIN: elsa.brin.go.id RESEARCH FUNDING: pendanaan-risnov.brin.go.id
Outline
Open Research Vacancies
• Applications
Electrical Tomography Research
• Research and Developments In WORLDWIDE
• Company List
• Research Vacancies in Worldwide (Japan, US, UK)
14
06/09/2023
https://cbe.osu.edu/l-s-fan-facility-clean-energy-research
Opening position for Master & PhD degree.

Scholarship: MEXT U2U/G2G, JSPS, JST, etc.
https://tomocloud.xsrv.jp/takei-lab/
https://people.bath.ac.uk/ms350/
Terima kasih
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06/09/2023

5 September 2023 Marlin R. Baidillah - Pusat Riset Elektronika - BRIN 2

TOMOGRAPHY OVERVIEW TOMOGRAPHY OVERVIEW

Q: Why there are so many modalities of Tomography? FUNCTIONAL IMAGING

The process change or physiological condition

How does MRI Work?

TYPES OF IMAGING APPLICATIONS 1. Produce main magnetic fields (B0)

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN (CT SCAN)

1. X-ray source emits a series of

2. A series of detectors on the

3. Move the arc at different angle labcito.co.id/pemeriksaan-radiologi/

ULTRASONOGRAPHY Positron Emission Tomography (PET) & CT-SCAN

• Electrical Tomography Overview

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY AS A TOOL FOR PHENOTYPING PLANT ROOTS

Outline Corona-Lopez et al, 2019, J. Plant Methods.

Research problem: Studying the development of

• Electrical Tomography Overview

Red = HIGH impedance (dry or/and little amount of ions)

Pietro Ibba, dissertation, 2020, University Liedia de Bulsan

7. Muscle Imaging 0.85

8. Fat imaging Our researches in Takei Laboratory (Chiba University) 0.6

9. Gastric Imaging 0.35

10.Skin Imaging 0.1

Fig. Reconstructed image of

𝐽Ԧ𝑖,𝑗 Current line

𝑢𝑖,𝑗 Equipotential line

• Electrical Tomography Overview SWITCHING 1. Inject IAC at transmitter electrodes

CONCEPT OF EIT IMAGING Base line impedance value (reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Baseline impedance: information of geometry electrode and STEP BY STEP OF RECONSTRUCTION

HOW TO SOLVE THE HIGHER RESOLUTION/SENSITIVITY CHALLENGE?

DATA PREPARATION OF IMPEDANCE MEAS. COLLECTION MARKET ISSUES

(5) Contact Impedance Elimination

prior to the analysis!

EIT LUNG MONITORING RESEARCH TO 2021: The Most Mature ET Applications

EFFORTS HISTORY OF COMMERCIALIZE & LABORATORY-BASED ELECTRICAL

PTL(TOMOFLOW) ITOMS Tech4imaging

Warsaw Univ of Technology

EFFORTS HISTORY OF COMMERCIALIZE & LABORATORY-BASED ELECTRICAL

Renselaer Polytechnic Inst. Chiba Univ. (Tomocloud)

Single modality (SM) KyungHee U.

High demand! High demand!

ELSA BRIN: elsa.brin.go.id RESEARCH FUNDING: pendanaan-risnov.brin.go.id

Opening position for Master & PhD degree.

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