Unit 3 Socio

Society
The term society is most fundamental to sociology. It is derived from the Latin word socius which means
companionship or friendship. Society is a network based on social relationship between people
Relationship A society is a collection of individuals united by certain relations and modes ofbehaviour that distinguish
them from those who do not enter into these relations orwho behave differently than they do” – Ginsberg.”Society is a
“web of constantly changing social relations..
Characteristics of Society:
• Likeness: Likeness of members in a social group is the primary basis of their mutuality. Likeness is the one element
which must have strongly stimulated the group feelings in bringing men, women and children together. Likeness is the
link-up for mutuality.
• Social relations: Relationship makes possible the feeling of ‘we’.
Interdependence: It is not possible for human being to satisfy his desire in isolation. Society fulfills all the needs of the
people.
Cooperation: Without cooperation, no society can exist. If the members of the society do not work together for the
common purposes, they cannot lead a happy and comfortable life
Community Vs Society Community Society

1. It is a group of people living together in a 1. Society has no definite boundary. It is
particular locality. universal and pervasive.
2. It refers to human relationships that are 2. It refers to human relationships that are
highly personal, intimate and enduring. impersonal, superficial and transitory.
3. The presence of sentiments among the 3. There is element of likeness but not
members is necessary. necessarily include people in oneness,
enemies can also be included in a society.
4. Community came much later than the 4. The society has much wider scope as
society. compared with the community.
5. Cooperation and conflicts cannot co-exist 5. Cooperation and conflicts are part of a
in a community. society as likeness and differences exist
together.
Association
A group of people organized for the pursuit of common interest.
• Group of people • Similar aim and objectives • Thoughtful establishment • Formal relationship
• • Voluntary membership
Institution 1[- It is an arrangement of integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of
basic social values.
2-Institutions can refer to mechanisms which govern the behavior of a set of individuals within a given
community; moreover, institutions are identified with a social purpose. - Examples of institutions include:
Family, Religion, Peer groups, Educational institutions, Military system, etc.
Community
The term “community” is used to describe a wide range of social groups. The term ‘community’ is
commonly used to refer to a group of people who do similar types ofwork, such as the teachers’
community or the doctors’ community. It can also refer to agroup of people who share a common interest,
such as the ‘Hindu community’ or the’Christian community
community Definition:The term ‘community’ is used in sociological literature to refer to specific types of
population settlements, such as rural or urban communities, as well as supposedlyideal typical ways of life in
such places and social networks whose members sharecommon characteristics other than or in addition to
common location
status - a Morris Ginsberg, “A status is a position in a social group or grouping, a relation to other positions
held by other individuals in the group or grouping”.
ROLE
The role, in sociology, is expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status. A role is a
comprehensive pattern of socially recognized behaviour, providing a means of identifying and placing an
individual in a society t also serves as a strategy for coping with recurrent situations and dealing with others'
roles (e.g., parent-child roles)
What do you mean by culture?
The way of living of a group of people transmitted from generation to generation is referred to as
the culture of that particular group. Culture is the behaviour and acceptable standards among
persistent social groups. It is acquired through understanding knowledge, behaviour, skills, art,
capabilities, values, attitudes and preferences. Culture comes in by gaining knowledge about the
surrounding values and norms, resulting in heterogeneity.
Culture refers to the composition of customs, traditions, values, knowledge, and habits acquired
over time. Cultural norms or the standards of acceptable behaviour serve as the basis for
guidelines for expectations in a social group. It mainly has three dimensions – normative,
expressive and institutional
Characteristics of culture include: Culture is learned and acquired through formal or informal learning instead of
being inherited 2- Culture is dynamic as it responds to the social-economic, technical and political change 3- Culture is
shared socially with the members of the community through social interaction, mainly the language
What is civilization?
Civilisation is the progressive state of human society, in line with the advanced level of culture
and standards. It is a stage of cultural development and is limited to a few societies. Civilisation is
an intricate entity having different elements. These elements combine to form an image of a
society or a nation. This image becomes a notion of how the society or the nation is.
Society categorises it based on socio-economic factors, urban development, government system,
technology advancement, social structure, religious system, language and food stability. It is a
process where human existence can be developed socially and culturally to a more advanced
level.
Culture V/S Civilisation
 Culture exists within civilisation as it is the behavioural aspect of some individuals or groups, but civilisation is a vast community
that can be made up of several cultures
 There is a considerable variation in the timeline of culture and civilization
 The culture was developed earlier than civilisation
 Culture can exist without a certain civilisation, but it cannot exist without a certain culture
 Culture transfers from generation to generation and thus cannot be said to be advancing, but civilisation is always evolving
Relation between Culture and Civilisation

Culture is a part of civilization. The community’s diverse culture acts as a fragment to form a
civilisation. Culture and civilisation are associated with each other in that culture is a
precondition for developing civilisation, and civilisation represents a platform for cultural
advancement. Both are contingent, and change in either two leads to variation in the other.
Culture and civilisation require some medium of expression, like society, though tangible or
intangible. There is a need for means to demonstrate their existence; it can also be through
actions, preferences, behaviour, etc. The culture and civilisation of any nation or society define
the people living there. It helps other people to know them based on where they come from. Like,
the Indian culture is very rich, and we have a variety of everything here. Most people from outside
India love it and come to visit it because of the culture here; to know more about the people.

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Society

Community Vs Society Community Society

Relation between Culture and Civilisation

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