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Anterior Trunk Muscles

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Table 5.

Anterior Trunk Muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Action(s)

serratus anterior Ribs 1-9, superior Medial border of the Protraction (pulling
costal cartilage scapula (shoulder forward) and upward
blade) rotation of the scapula,
assisting in shoulder
movements like
pushing and punching.

pectoralis major Medial clavicle Lateral aspect of the Flexion, medial


(clavicular head) (collarbone) humerus (upper arm rotation, and adduction
bone) (bringing arm closer to
the body) of the arm.
Also assists with
forceful pushing
movements.

pectoralis major Sternum (breastbone) Same as clavicular head Same as clavicular head
(sternal head) and costal cartilages of (lateral aspect of the (flexion, medial
ribs 2-5 humerus) rotation, and adduction
of the arm).

rectus abdominis Pubic crest and superior Costal cartilages of ribs Flexion of the trunk,
pubic symphysis 5-7 and xiphoid process assists with expiration
(lower tip of the (breathing out) and
sternum) maintains core stability.

external oblique Anterior two-thirds of Inferior borders of ribs Trunk flexion and
muscle the iliac crest, 5-12, linea alba, and rotation towards the
thoracolumbar fascia, pubic tubercle opposite side,
and linea alba (fibrous compression of the
midline of the abdominal cavity
abdomen) (assists with coughing,
defecation, etc.).

internal oblique Thoracolumbar fascia, Linea alba, inferior Trunk flexion and
muscle iliac crest costal margins (lower rotation towards the
edges of ribs), pubic same side, compression
crest of the abdominal cavity.

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