DRR pptx-1

DISASTER
RISK
REDUCTION
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
There is no such thing as a 'natural' disaster, only
natural hazards.
aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards
like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones,
through an ethic of prevention
includes disciplines like disaster management,
disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness, but
DRR is also part of sustainable development. In order
for development activities to be sustainable they
must also reduce disaster risk
Source: UNISDR
(n.d)https://eird.org/esp/acerca-eird/liderazgo/perfil/what-is-drr.html
Strategies to reduce risk
DRR is a part of sustainable development, so it must involve every part
of society, government, non-governmental organizations and the
professional and private sector.
It therefore requires a people-centered and multi-sector approach,
building resilience to multiple, cascading and interacting hazards and
creating a culture of prevention and resilience.
includes strategies designed to:
• avoid the construction of new risks
• address pre-existing risks
• share and spread risk to prevent disaster losses being absorbed by
other development outcomes and creating additional poverty
Eco-system approach to DRR
The incorporation of the environment into reducing the scale and frequency of
hazards
Measures can be defined as:
Hard, generally involving the construction of structures and
Soft, generally involving the use of natural conditions such as wetlands or slope
stabilization using vegetation
Example: use of mangroves as natural barriers to protect settlements from
tsunami or coastal flooding, which yields hazard reduction benefits while
simultaneously offering livelihoods support and vulnerability reduction
opportunities for communities.
https://ehaconnect.org/themes/disaster-risk-reduction
ECO-SYSTEM BASED APPROACH
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is based on reducing 1) the scale
and frequency of hazards and 2) the vulnerability to damage by
these hazards to individuals and society, including social and
built infrastructure, the economy and individual livelihoods.
Both hazards and vulnerability need to be addressed at the
same time for DRR to be effective.
Healthy ecosystems such as wetlands, forests and coastal areas,
including mangroves and sand dunes, can not only reduce
vulnerability to hazards by supporting livelihoods but also act as
physical barriers that reduce the impact of hazard events.
The extent to which an ecosystem will buffer against natural
hazards and contribute to reducing risk depends on the
ecosystem’s health and the intensity of the event.
Disaster risk reduction in education
a systematic approach to incorporating the analysis of
disaster risks and disaster risk reduction measures in
education sector development planning
a combination of actions, processes and attitudes
necessary for minimizing underlying factors of
vulnerability, improving preparedness and building
resilience of the education system
enables an uninterrupted development trajectory of the
education system and continued access of all learners to
quality education
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Fu
ll_report_96.pdf
Humanitarian Approach
Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTOPGm_NbrE
&t=8s
Example of a Framework
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCXNql8OkMU
Relationship between hazard,
vulnerability and disaster
A disaster happens when a hazard impacts on a vulnerable

population and causes damage, casualities and disruption. An
earthquake in an uninhabited desert cannot be considered a
disaster, no matter how strong the intensity might be.
Example: An earthquake is disastrous when it affects people,

infrastructure and activities.
hazard × vulnerability = disaster
When extent of hazard and vulnerability is low, the resulting
disaster will also be of small magnitude.
HAZARD × vulnerability = disaster
When extent of hazard is high but vulnerability is low then
the disaster will be of small magnitude.
Hazard × VULNERABILITY = disaster
When vulnerability is high but extent of hazard is small then
the resulting disaster will also be of small magnitude.
HAZARD × VULNERABILITY = DISASTER
When extent of hazard is very high and the vulnerability is
also high then it will result in a huge disaster.
Hazards
The Philippines has primarily experienced the following natural hazards in
the past four decades (1970-2020): storm (55%), flood (25%), earthquake
(5%), landslide (5%), and volcano (4%)
Source: Regional Consultative Group: Humanitarian Civil-Military
Coordination for Asia and the Pacific. Humanitarian Civil-Military
Coordination in Emergencies: Toward a Predictable Model (2020 edition).
January 2021. Page 131.
https://humanitarianadvisorygroup.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/RCG_
Towards-a-predictablemodel_2nd-ed__Final_electronic.pdf
Philippines Disaster Management Reference Book (Nov 2021)

https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/CFE-DM-DMRH-Phil
ippines2021.pdf
How do we measure hazards?
(1) identify the relevant hazard(s)
(2) collect the hazard-related data
The most essential data define the date, geographical location
and extent, and maximum intensity of historical events. A
collection of the spatial, intensity, and temporal
characteristics for events in an event set is termed a hazard
catalogue.
Hazard catalogues can be used with risk models in a
deterministic or probabilistic manner.
Technical Approach
Effective EWS include four components:
(1) detection, monitoring and forecasting of the
hazards;
(2) analysis of the risks involved;
(3) dissemination of timely and authoritative
warnings; and
(4) activation of emergency preparedness and
response plans.
Risk
Extensive risk is used to describe the risk associated
with low-severity, high-frequency events, mainly but
not exclusively associated with highly localized
hazards.
Intensive risk is used to describe the risk associated
to high-severity, mid to low-frequency events, mainly
associated with major hazards.
• UNISDR Global Assessment Report 2015

Intensive Disaster risk
A major hazard can be thought of as a global or regionally large
event such as earthquakes, tsunamis, large volcanic eruptions,
flooding in large river basins or tropical cyclones.
• exposure of large concentrations of people and economic
activities to intense hazard events, which can lead to
potentially catastrophic disaster impacts involving high
mortality and asset loss.
• For particularly extreme events the degree of disaster risk is
conditioned more by exposure than by vulnerability. Intensive
risk is therefore not only characterized by intense hazards, but
also by the underlying risk drivers or vulnerability factors such
as poverty and inequality.
Extensive Disaster risk
risk associated with low severity, high-frequency (persistent)
events, mainly but not exclusively associated with highly
localized hazards, including flash floods, storms, fires and
agricultural and water-related drought
normally associated with weather-related hazards; however,
they can be associated with other hazards, for instance the
persistent impact of volcanic ash on the island of Montserrat
since 1995 (see Sword-Daniels, 2011).
less closely associated with earthquake fault lines and
cyclone tracks and more so with underlying risk drivers, such
as inequality and poverty, which drive the hazard, exposure
and vulnerability.
Risk drivers
Different underlying risk drivers that characterize risk:
• Badly planned and managed urban development

• Environmental degradation and ecosystem decline
• Poverty and inequality ( watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH3LQW8B2Zw&t=15s)
• Vulnerable rural livelihoods
• Climate change
• Weak governance
Vulnerability
The characteristics determined by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors or processes
which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a
community, assets or systems to the impacts of
hazards.
one of the defining components of disaster risk
UNDRR Terminology, 2017

Vulnerability
• the human dimension of disasters and is the result
of the range of economic, social, cultural,
institutional, political and psychological factors that
shape people’s lives and the environment that they
live in
• can be a challenging concept to understand

because it tends to mean different things to
different people and because it is often described
using a variety of terms including ‘predisposition’,
‘fragility’, ‘weakness’, ‘deficiency’ or ‘lack of
capacity’
Factors affecting vulnerability
Physical -e.g. poor design and construction of buildings,
unregulated land use planning
Social -e.g. poverty and inequality, marginalisation, social
exclusion and discrimination by gender, social status, disability
and age (amongst other factors) psychological factors
Economic -e.g. the uninsured informal sector, vulnerable rural
livelihoods, dependence on single industries, globalisation of
business and supply chains
Environmental -e.g. poor environmental management,
overconsumption of natural resources, decline of risk regulating
ecosystem services, climate change
Why does vulnerability matter?
disaster risk not only depends on the severity of hazard or
the number of people or assets exposed, but that it is also
a reflection of the susceptibility of people and economic
assets to suffer loss and damage
help to explain why some non-extreme hazards can lead to
extreme impacts and disasters, while some extreme events
do not
In the context of extensive risk in particular, it is often
people’s vulnerability that is the greatest factor in
determining their risk
https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/component-risk/vul
nerability
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
considers a wide range of environmental, economic, social,
cultural, institutional and political pressures that create
vulnerability and is approached through a number of different
frameworks
typically applied as:
• A diagnostic tool to understand problems and their underlying
causes.
• A planning tool to prioritize and sequence actions and inputs.
• A risk assessment tool to help assess specific risks.
• A tool for empowering and mobilizing vulnerable communities.
GIDA
Refer to communities with marginalized population physically and
socio-economically separated from the mainstream society and
characterized by:
1. Physical Factors - isolated due to distance, weather conditions and

transportation difficulties (island, upland, lowland, landlocked, hard to
reach and unserved/underserved communities).
2. Socio-economic Factors (high poverty incidence, presence of

vulnerable sector, communities in or recovering from situation of crisis or
armed conflict).
Source:
https://doh.gov.ph/faqs/Geographically-Isolated-and-Disadvantaged-Are
as-GIDA
Vulnerable Population Groups
Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jV-65YKp0BI&t=
21s
Disaster Risk Reduction Including
Climate Change Adaptation Over
South Asia: Challenges and Ways
Forward
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-0
18-0210-9

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DISASTER

A disaster happens when a hazard impacts on a vulnerable

Example: An earthquake is disastrous when it affects people,

Philippines Disaster Management Reference Book (Nov 2021)

• UNISDR Global Assessment Report 2015

• Badly planned and managed urban development

UNDRR Terminology, 2017

• can be a challenging concept to understand

1. Physical Factors - isolated due to distance, weather conditions and

2. Socio-economic Factors (high poverty incidence, presence of

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