English for Academic Context

Hortatory Exposition Text

A. INTRODUCTION
1. Description
Welcome to this unit which discusses Hortatory Exposition text type. This unit provides
materials to enhance your knowledge about what Hortatory Exposition text is, its social
functions, generic structure, and language features as well as how to create a good and
effective Hortatory Exposition text.

Hortatory Exposition text focuses on stating your position toward an issue (agree or
disagree) which should be consistent to have one position only until the end. Your position
has to be supported by some arguments to convince the readers/ listeners that something
should or should not happen or be done. Then, at the end of the text, you have to give
recommendations or suggestions based on the arguments given. This recommendation part is
the one that makes it different from the Analytical Exposition text.

In this unit, you will be exposed to some examples of the Hortatory Exposition texts to get
clear understanding about the characteristics of Hortatory Exposition text, and you will be
guided step by step on how to develop Hortatory Exposition text.

2. Relevance
One of the most popular 21st Century skills is critical thinking, which is related to the skill
of finding solutions to the problems. Writing Hortatory Exposition text is one of many ways
to train you to have critical thinking because it requires recommendations/ suggestions/
advice which can be considered as the solutions to the problems discussed in the text. As
senior high school students, you need to master the correct and clear understanding about
this text to be able to utter your opinion about something including giving recommendations
to solve problems. Therefore, whoever learns about Hortatory Exposition text is expected to
become more critical in seeing a case or issue since you have to state your position with
convincing arguments and suggest recommendation.

3. Learning Guide
In this unit, you will have three specific activities to do to achieve the learning outcomes,
namely pre-activity, main-activity, and post-activity.
a. Pre-activity
The purpose of this activity is to activate your background knowledge about the text type
being discussed to help you comprehend it. The activities are about some introductions
about the Hortatory Exposition text.

b. Main activity
In this activity, you are exposed to some Hortatory Exposition texts to identify their
functions, analyse their structure and features, and create your own text.
 c. Post-activity
In this activity you are going to have a summary, reflection, and formative test.

B. MAIN SECTION
1. Learning Outcomes
a. Attitude
Having studied the learning materials and experienced learning activities of this type of
text, you are expected to be able:
to uphold and apply religious values, moral values, ethical values, personal and social
values, in this case:
 being respectful to others (treating people with courtesy, politeness, and kindness),
 showing appreciation to others’ opinions and suggestions, and
 listening to what others say/ write wisely before expressing your own viewpoints.

b. Knowledge
Having studied the learning materials and experienced learning activities of this type of
text, you are expected to be able:
 to understand, analyse, and apply the social functions, generic structures, and
language features of Hortatory Exposition texts regarding the contexts of
situations.

c. Skill
Having studied the learning materials and experienced learning activities of this type of
text, you are expected to be able to:
 state your position/ stance about an issue
 elaborate your opinion with convincing arguments
 give relevant and contextual recommendation
 write a complete Hortatory Exposition text

2. Learning Materials and Learning Activities

a. Definition
Pre-Activity
When someone asks your opinion about something, how do you answer that? For
example, if you are asked, “What do you think about arranged marriage?” or “Do you
agree about arranged marriage?” will you only answer by saying I agree, or I disagree
about it? Or will you also tell your reasons why you agree or disagree about it?

Mostly, if you are asked those kinds of questions, you will give your opinion and some
reasons about it, won’t you?

Now, you are given a video to watch, and you are going to find what question is given
and how one of the contestants of Miss Universe 2019 answers that question.

Structure :
Thesis
Arguments & supporting details
Recommendations
Link for the video*:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QM240R2PwuDo7x5ISbRnXKZOEb_khhbT/view?
usp=sharing

TASK 1

1. What is asked by the MC?

Answer: what is the most important thing we should be teaching young girls?
2. Find the details in the answer of the contestant.
a. Is there any certain point she says as her answer to that question?
Answer: yes, there is
What is that?
Answer: leadership
b. What is her reason(s) in saying so?
Answer: because it’s been lacking in young girls & society has labelled young
girls to not be a leader
c. Is there any recommendation/ suggestion given by the contestant?
Answer: yes, there is
What is that?
Answer: we should give the opportunity to girls and girls should take up space
& cement ourselves.
TASK 2

Read the following text and answer the questions below the text.

Insurance as a Paid off Well Investment

People often say “Life is full of surprises” as in the real-life, it is full of obstacles and
risks which are sometimes unpredictable. Either individuals, families, businesses, or
assets are exposed to different levels of risks. Those risks may result in our financial
losses. Due to the fact that the cost of education increases every year, everyone has a
risk of getting sick and will die one day, then one of the things we can prepare to
minimize the financial impact is by having insurance. Since it costs heaps of money,
is insurance a waste of money? Here are three reasons why I strongly agree that
insurance isn’t a waste of money.
 First of all, insurance ensures one’s financial security. Neither much money you have
earned nor saved; your financial position can be dented by unexpected things.
Insurance would be one of the best solutions if you wanted to become financially
secured. If there is an unexpected thing happens to be an unforeseen event, you will
be able to receive a pay-out from the insurance you have had for your financial
support. With insurance in place, any financial stress will be taken care of, and you
can focus on your problem’s recovery.

Second, insurance facilitates people to actualize their future dreams. Having many
plans ahead (for example: owning a house, getting married, having children, having a
vacation together, or opening a business), you must have a preparation of the funds
to achieve them. Insurance also gives you the flexibility to carry out thorough life
plans. You can estimate the cost and calculate to get an exact nominal and start
preparing early on. So, in time, you can get what you want as it has been calculated
in advance. You can also choose insurance with premium options that can be
adjusted according to your ability, so you can freely determine your life choices and
actualize it.

The last reason is that the money that we have used to have insurance is not forfeited
even though it isn’t used. There are some of insurance products which provide a
premium return benefit at the end of the period as big as 50% of the total premium
that has been paid. If the claim has never occurred, the refund of premium at the end
of the period is 75% of the total initial premium. For a reminder, each insurer
provides a percentage difference. So that besides getting a guarantee and a sense of
security, we can withdraw a fraction of our initial premium.

Of all the written reasons, it is concluded that having insurance is such an important
part of our life that can save you from financial hardship in case of any unforeseen
circumstances happen. Therefore, you should start to consider and choose the right
insurance for your life today and in the future.

*This text is taken from the work of a student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta namely
Rachel Widia, grade XI MIPA 4, present list No. 17, academic year 2020-2021, with
some revisions.

Questions:
1. What is the topic being discussed in the text?
Answer: the benefits of Insurance for one’s life

2. What is the opinion of the writer about having insurance?

Answer: that it is not a waste of money

3. What are the writer’s reasons in saying so?

Answer: because insurance would be the best solutions to financial problems if
some unexpected things happen, it facilitates people to actualize their future dreams
& the money used for insurance isn’t forfeited even though it isn’t used.

4. What is the writer’s advice/ recommendation about the topic discussed?

 Answer: that we should start to consider using the right insurance for our lives today
& in the future.

After doing task 1 and 2, can you get some similarities from both written (Insurance as a
Paid off Well Investment) and spoken text (contestant from South Africa) given? Both
texts, spoken and written texts above are the examples of Hortatory Exposition text.

Now, how can you define of Hortatory Exposition Texts?

Answer: Hortatory exposition texts are a text that try to persuades people who reads the
text to do or to have something based on the writer’s opinions.

b. Generic Structure

Now, please compare the following examples of Hortatory Exposition Texts.

TEXT 1 TEXT 2
Becoming a Better Person with Our More Open-minded by Travelling
Failures

Society pushes us to always be perfect Most people have travelled to another

and we are not allowed to make any place at some point in their lives, whether
mistakes or failures. For example, it is to another town, province, or even
schools expect their students to always another country. Traveling is something
have great scores and must have various that most people think of as fun, but
non-academic skills such as art, baking, unbeknownst to a lot of people, it is also
sports, and when the students fail, the scientifically proven to change our brain
students get all the blame. It is believed and our outlook on life. People who
that making mistakes is a bad thing and travel welcome new ideas or views more
we shouldn’t be making any mistakes. easily than people who don’t travel. In
However, I completely believe that other words, it generally makes you more
failures make people’s life better because open-minded, but why does traveling
they teach us how to be stronger, make make you more open-minded?
us stay away from arrogance, and widen
our knowledge. Firstly, you can learn about different
cultures or customs from all around the
To begin with, failures make us a world. The cultures in the world are so
stronger person. Most people who fail diverse that it’s impossible to understand
will try again and become more all of them. Nevertheless, understanding
determined to succeed. We might get just a few other cultures outside of your
discouraged and sad at the first time, but own is enough to make you view the
then we gain strength to continue the world differently. One of the examples is
journey. For instance, the writer of Harry that you are usually not allowed to wear
Potter, JK Rowling experienced so many shoes inside in Japan, whereas you’re
failures before Harry Potter was a often welcomed to walk inside a house in
success. She had a tough life. It was so America with your shoes on. It is also
tough that she had to battle with known that punctuality is something that
depression. She was a divorced mother, most Japanese people prioritize. It’s
raising a young child alone, going to normal to see people bustling about in a
school, and trying to write a novel in her hurried way with a briefcase in their hand
spare time. At first, the Harry Potter while holding a phone up to their ear.
novel was a failure. Having been This is because even a few seconds late
considered to be too long and old- could be seen as something disrespectful
fashioned, Harry Potter nearly didn’t get in Japan. Differences like these make you
published. However, in the end, it wonder what your priorities in life are
became a huge success and JK Rowling and help you to rearrange them.
came back stronger and greater.
Secondly, when you travel around the
In addition, failures make us stay away world often, you get to face all sorts of
from arrogance. Success can make unique situations that challenge you to
people arrogant and feel overconfident. think from a new perspective. Let’s say
When we make mistakes, we are being you and your friends are visiting a temple
reminded that we are not the best in the in Thailand and someone is scolding you
world, and we are still learning and with the Thai language. Not knowing
growing from our mistakes. Failures what he’s saying, you just stood there
teach us to be humble. For instance, confused. An English-speaking local
some high school students tend to be finally stepped in and explained what’s
overconfident about themselves when going on. It turns out you and your
they have been getting some very good friends were wearing shoes and
grades and they decide not to study again sunglasses inside the temple which is
for the next test. Overconfident is not forbidden. You never thought that
good. temples would have rules like these.
Now, every time you’re visiting a sacred
Furthermore, failures can widen our own place, you ask for the rules that apply
knowledge. Being failed is close to make there. You also become more considerate
some mistakes. Failures can lead us to of the different customs that people do
analyse our mistakes, explore our true around the world.
ability, learn more, improve it, and come
back with more knowledge. We become Thirdly, traveling forces you to try new
more prepared for our next attempt things you haven’t done before. If you’ve
because of the knowledge that we gain ever been to Bali, you know how
from our failures. For instance, a high beautiful it is. It has vast ocean and
school student failed her math test. She beautiful seafloor, various sea life, and
analyzed her mistakes and knew where amazing culture. You could do a lot of
she went wrong. Then, she learned from water sports, view waterfalls, sail on a
her failure, set up a new strategy so she local fishing boat, and even try some
can do better on her next test. traditional Balinese food. This way, you
get some new things to try and broaden
In conclusion, failures make people’s life your horizon more.
better by teaching people to be stronger,
to stay away from arrogance, and to Traveling is a luxury. It is something that
widen people’s knowledge. Don’t give people do when all of their basic needs
up once we fail, but keep trying. Michael are met. However, when someone is
Jordan once said, “My failure gave me financially stable enough to travel around
strength, my pain was my motivation.” It the world, they should. This doesn’t
means that failure can strengthen you and mean that they just get to sit in a hotel all
give you motivation to grow. Therefore, day while playing with their phone. If
 if you face some failures, you should you want a life-changing experience that
learn from it in order to be better. broadens your horizon, step out of your
comfort zone; try talking to the locals,
*This text is taken from the work of a learn about their cultures, and try their
student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta traditional food. Remember, traveling is
namely Aloysia Flower Lula Utami, not only for fun, but also for education.
grade XI MIPA 3, present list No. 1,
academic year 2020-2021, with some *This text is taken from the work of a
revisions. student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta
namely Graciella Nava Anindya, grade
XI MIPA 3, present list No. 17, academic
year 2020-2021, with some revisions.

TASK 3
Fill in the following table based on the two examples of the Hortatory Exposition Texts
(For No.1-2) and State Yes or No for No. 3-7.

NO Questions Text 1 Text 2

1 What is the topic being discussed? How failures The benefits of
can make travelling for
someone a someone’s way of
improve and be thinking.
a better person.
2 What is the writer’s opinion/ position failures make people who travel
about the topic? us stay away welcome new
from arrogance ideas or views
& it teach us to more easily than
be stronger & people who don’t
have a wider travel.
knowledge.
3 Does the writer state her opinion/ Yes Yes
position in the first paragraph?
4 Does the writer tell her reasons/ No No
arguments to support her opinion/
position directly in the first paragraph?
5 Does the writer have her reasons/ Yes Yes
arguments in the rest paragraphs?
6 Do the reasons/ arguments have Yes Yes
supporting details/ evidence/ proofs?
7 Does the writer give an advice/ Yes Yes
recommendation/ suggestion in the last
paragraph?

After reading the two texts and filling the table in, now you can see how the texts are
developed. What are the structures of the texts?
Hortatory Exposition text is developed using the structure as the following:

1. Writer’s position or opinion about the topic discussed which is called as THESIS
STATEMENT. Thesis statement can directly state writer’s position as well as all
arguments she has or only state her position. The example of direct thesis statement
is like the one in Text 1, and the example of the indirect thesis statement is like the
one in Text 2. Therefore, in the above table, question No. 4 will have different
answer from Text 1 and Text 2.

2. All reasons to support writer’s opinion/ position which is called ARGUMENTS.

Every argument has to be the main idea of each paragraph if it is in written text in
order that the paragraph has good coherence. If there are more than one argument,
it has to be placed in the next paragraph. Every argument has to be supported by
some supporting sentences as well, just like how to develop good paragraph (1
main idea and some supporting details). The arguments have to be convincing to be
able to persuade the readers/ listeners as its function.

3. Advice or suggestions given in the last paragraph which is called

RECOMMENDATION. Recommendation is given to help readers/ listeners
know what to do from all arguments given because the purpose of the Hortatory
Exposition text is to persuade the readers that something should be or should not be
done.

TASK 4:

To understand more about the generic structure of Hortatory Exposition text. Please
classify the texts from previous TASK into some parts provided below. Text 1 has been
done for you.

TEXT 1 : Becoming a Better Person with Our Failures

Generic Structure Sentences

Thesis Statement I believe that failures make people’s life better because
they teach you how to be stronger, remove our
overconfidence, and widen our knowledge.

Arguments 1. Failures make you a stronger person.

2. Failures make us stay away from arrogance.
3. Failures can widen our own knowledge.

Recommendation If you face some failures, you should learn from it in

order to be better.

TEXT 2 : More Open-minded by Travelling

 Generic Structure Sentences

Thesis Statement
Traveling is something that most people
think of as fun, but unbeknownst to a lot of
people, it is also scientifically proven to
change our brain and our outlook on life.
People who travel welcome new ideas or
views more easily than people who don’t
travel.
Arguments 1. Travelling can make us learn about
different cultures or customs from all
around the world & it can help us
rearrange our priorities in life.
2. Travelling can challenges you to think
from a new perspective.
3. Traveling forces you to try new things
you haven’t done before, therefore you
get some new things to try and broaden
your horizon more.

Recommendation You need to step out of your comfort zone &

try talking to the locals.

c. Social Function
Hortatory Exposition text has a social function to persuade readers or listeners that
something should be or should not be done. Social function can also be said as writer’s
intention, the purpose of the text, the purpose of the writer, etc. if it is seen specifically
to certain texts.

If it is seen from the 4 texts given previously (written and spoken), can you identify the
social function or writer’s intention in writing the text or speaker’s intention in
delivering the speech?

TASK 5:

TEXT WRITER’S INTENTION

Text 1: The spoken text
from Miss Universe To persuade the listeners that Leadership should be
2019 (Video) taught to young girls.

Text 2: Insurance as a
Paid off Well To persuade the readers to prepare for financial stability
Investment with insurance.
 Text 3: Becoming a
Better Person with Our To persuade the readers to learn from failures instead of
Failures being scared of it.

Text 4: More Open- To persuade the readers to look at traveling as a way to

minded by Travelling improve our open mindedness & learn how to think of
something in a new perspective.

d. Language Features

Here are some language features of Hortatory Exposition Texts whose examples are
mostly taken from the previous texts.

Language Features Examples

Use of Simple Present  We are the most powerful … (Text 1)
Tense  … it costs heaps of money… (Text 2)
 Society pushes us to always … (Text 3)
 Traveling is something that … (Text 4)
Etc.
Use of passive sentences  It is concluded … (Text 2)
 … assets are exposed to (Text 2)
 … though it isn’t used (Text 2)
Etc.

Use of modals  … might get discouraged … (text 3)

 you should learn from it (Text 3)
 you can learn about … (Text 4)
 must have various non-academic skills… (Text 3)
Etc.
Use of adverb  I strongly agree … (Text 2)
 …it is also scientifically proven… (Text 4)
Etc.
Use of subject pronoun  I think … (Text 1)
 I strongly agree … (Text 2)
 I believe that failures… (Text 3)
 You can learn … (Text 4)

Use of temporal  Firstly, Secondly, etc.

connectives  Moreover, Furthermore, etc.
Etc.
Use of causal  … failures make people’s life better because they
conditional connectives teach you how to be stronger … (Text 3)
 If there is an unexpected thing happens to be an
unforeseen event, you will be able to receive … (Text
2)
 ….. Therefore, you should start… (Text 2)
 Etc.
Use of evaluative  Valuable
language  Trustworthy

After understanding the definition, generic function, social function, and language features of
Hortatory Exposition text, now you are going to create your own Hortatory Exposition text
through the following activities.

TASK 6:

You are given a question to ask your opinion, state your position toward the issue whether
you agree or disagree.

TOPIC/ Question Stance/ Position/ Thesis Statement

Do you think renewable energy sources Yes. I think the government should really
should receive government subsidies? provide subsidies for renewable energy
sources, since it plays a very important
role for society, especially for preventing
global warming.

TASK 7:

After stating your position toward an issue, now please list your arguments to support your
opinion/ position/ thesis statement.

TOPIC/ Question Do you think renewable energy sources should receive

government subsidies?
Stance/ Position/ Thesis Yes. I think the government should really provide
Statement subsidies for renewable energy sources, since it plays a
very important role for society, especially for preventing
global warming.
Arguments 1. Renewable energy sources are cheaper to use, so it
wont cost too much but it provides many uses & benefits
for human lives.
2. It prevents global warming from happening.
3. The technologies that are used for renewable energy
sources are easy to apply in remote areas.

TASK 8:
After stating your position toward an issue, listing your arguments to support your opinion/
position/ thesis statement, now please give relevant and contextual recommendation toward
the same issue.

TOPIC/ Question Do you think renewable energy sources should receive

government subsidies?
Stance/ Position/ Thesis Yes. I think the government should really provide subsidies for
Statement renewable energy sources, since it plays a very important role
for society, especially for preventing global warming.
Arguments 1. Renewable energy sources are cheaper to use, so it wont
cost too much but it provides many uses & benefits for human
lives.
2. It prevents global warming from happening.

3. The technologies that are used for renewable energy sources

are easy to apply in remote areas.
Recommendation The government should consider providing subsidies to
renewable energy sources soon thus it will greatly affect
people’s lives.

TASK 9:

After stating your position toward an issue, listing your arguments to support your opinion/
position/ thesis statement, and giving relevant and contextual recommendation toward the
same issue, all the generic structure of the Hortatory Exposition Text is already complete.
Now you please develop your writing/ text in a complete text consisting of some paragraphs.
Remember that one paragraph has one main idea only. Since the generic structure above
consists of 5 parts, it means you have to have at least 5 paragraphs. You need to develop the
parts of the generic structure by paying attention to the coherence of the text. Use some
connective words when necessary.

Here is how you develop your text:

Paragraph 1 Opening paragraph along with thesis statement (it is possible to have
more than 1 opening paragraph)
Paragraph 2 Argument 1 and its supporting details
Paragraph 3 Argument 2 and its supporting details
Paragraph 4 Argument 3 and its supporting details
Paragraph 5 Conclusion along with recommendation

TASK 10:

Conclude the steps of the activities in this unit in teaching you the material of Hortatory
Exposition Text.

Discussion Forum
 So far, you have studied the materials and experienced the activities presented in this unit.
You also have made your own Hortatory Text as well as the insights to teach this text in the
class. However, you may need to confirm your understanding and share ideas with other
students and/or teacher. Besides, your participation is rated. Therefore, get involved in the
Discussion Forum at the period pre-set by the teacher in the Google Classroom.

A few things you need to consider when having an effective discussion here are:

1. Share ideas as original as possible, which means it is better to share it with your own
words instead of copying and pasting information from this module or any sources.
2. If you want to share any other information from other sources, remember to credit the
author.
3. Be always punctual in joining the discussion forum.
4. Quantity and quality of participation is priority. Don’t just ask questions or share your
own problems, but check others comment and give your response to some comment to
help them with some solutions you may think.

C. CLOSING SECTION
1. Summary

Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that belongs to the class of Argumentation.
Hortatory Exposition is an exposition that persuades readers that something should be or
should not be done. If in Analytical Exposition you only persuade readers/ listeners that the
case/ issue being discussed is important or something should be the case so at the end you
only have to restate your point of view/ position, here in Hortatory Exposition, after telling
all your arguments, you have to give a recommendation or advice of what to do relating to
that issue.

A Hortatory Exposition text consists of three components:

1. Thesis Statement is writer’s point opinion/ point of view/ position about discussed issue/
topic.
2. Arguments are reasons why the writer has that point of view/ opinion which will lead to
recommendation.
3. Recommendation is advice or suggestion of what should or should not happen or be
done based on the given arguments.

2. Reflection

To review your understanding about what you have learned about Hortatory Exposition text,
answer the following questions:

Questions Answers
What do you know about Hortatory ……
Exposition text?
What are the social functions of Hortatory ……
Exposition text?
How is Hortatory Exposition text ……
constructed/ developed?
 What are the language features commonly ……
found in Hortatory Exposition text?
Can you construct/ develop/ create a ……
Hortatory Exposition text?
Are your arguments convincing to persuade ……
the readers/ listeners?
Is your Hortatory Exposition text ……
coherence?

3. Formative Test
To help you see your mastery of the material presented in this unit, please do this formative
test well.

1. Which from the following is suitable to be the title of Hortatory Exposition text?
A. Orchid
B. How are germs killed in our body?
C. How to decorate your kids’ room
D. The importance of protecting our extracurricular activities in school.
E. The advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

2. Which is not in the Hortatory Exposition text?

A. Arguments
B. Thesis Statement
C. Reorientation
D. Recommendation
E. Elaboration of arguments

3. Which from the following represents the writer’s thesis statement?

A. Here are some reasons why cross-cultural marriage is hard to maintain.
B. It is believed that people have mixed views on fast fashion.
C. Free trade policy has both benefits and drawbacks.
 D. Cosmetic surgery has some advantages and disadvantages.
E. Here is my experience during last summer vacation.

4. Which from the following is not suitable to support your thesis statement saying,
“Traveling in groups led by a tour guide is better than traveling by yourself.”
A. You will make many friends.
B. You will not get lost.
C. You see lots over a short period.
D. You often have little time at each stop.
E. You will not miss popular landmark.

5. Which from the following is the most suitable recommendation for readers to do if the
thesis statement says, “Here are some reasons why water-bottled industry is harmful to the
environment.”
A. People should recycle the bottles more often.
B. Water-bottled industry should close their operation.
C. People should reduce the consumption of water bottled.
D. Government should ban water-bottled industry.
E. Water-bottled industry should change the plastic material to glass.

6. Read the text below and answer the question based on the text.

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix
pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to
your English progress. Some underlying reasons can be drawn to support the idea why
we use songs in language learning.

Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echo in our minds of the last
song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc.) can be both enjoyable
and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs
work on our short-and-long term memory. Some words, sentences, or some certain
expression can be recorded in our mind, which is helpful for us to learn the language.

Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of
repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are
effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually
simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and
can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, songs can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop
songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time
reference. Many songs are even so related to what people experience and when the
listeners feel this, they will remember the songs and will get curious and search more
info from the songs.

In addition, songs are relaxing. They can promote relaxation of tense muscles, enabling
 you to easily release some of the tension you carry from a stressful day (or week).
When you relax your muscles and loosen your body, your mind also relaxes.

Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as
studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs,
learning vocabulary, spelling and culture. Now, it is easy to find lyrics, translations, and
any other things related to a song on the internet as long as we want to start learning
from them.

From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs
can be enjoyable and fun.

This text is taken from https://analyticalteks.blogspot.com/2012/12/teks-analytical-

beserta-soaljawaban.html

What can be best recommended by the writer related to the opinions she has in the text?

A. To learn English from songs, you have to buy more music platforms where you can
find more songs and also listening to some podcasts so you can improve your English
faster.
B. To learn English from songs effectively, you can take notes of the lyrics every time
you listen to English songs and translate them to your own language.
C. To enrich your vocabulary through songs, you have to always listen to the lyrics, find
the meaning of each word in the lyrics, then memorize them.
D. Learning English from songs should be done every time you listen to them wherever
you are, so the words, meanings, and some expressions, can get stuck in your head.
E. You can learn English more effectively through a song by varying things you learn, so
it is not only enriching your vocabulary, but also widening your horizons of the
culture as well.

7. Read the text below and answer the question based on the text.

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix
pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to
your English progress. Some underlying reasons can be drawn to support the idea why
we use songs in language learning.

Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echo in our minds of the last
song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc.) can be both enjoyable
and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs
work on our short-and-long term memory. Some words, sentences, or some certain
expression can be recorded in our mind, which is helpful for us to learn the language.

Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of
repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are
 effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually
simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and
can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, songs can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop
songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time
reference. Many songs are even so related to what people experience and when the
listeners feel this, they will remember the songs and will get curious and search more
info from the songs.

In addition, songs are relaxing. They can promote relaxation of tense muscles, enabling
you to easily release some of the tension you carry from a stressful day (or week).
When you relax your muscles and loosen your body, your mind also relaxes.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as
studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs,
learning vocabulary, spelling and culture. Now, it is easy to find lyrics, translations, and
any other things related to a song on the internet as long as we want to start learning
from them.

From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs
can be enjoyable and fun.

This text is taken from https://analyticalteks.blogspot.com/2012/12/teks-analytical-

beserta-soaljawaban.html.

Which from the following is not true based on the text?

A. Songs have various expressions from the simple ones to the more complex ones.
B. Songs can’t be related to everyone’s experience.
C. We can’t learn other than words used in the lyrics of songs.
D. Songs can help understand the culture as well.
E. Everything related to songs also provided on the internet.

8. Read the text below and answer the question based on the text.

The Ethical Obligation of Businesses

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a type of self-made regulations made by a

company in order to be socially accountable. These responsibilities may include paying
a living wage, reducing carbon footprint, donating to the communities, and practicing
ethical trades. This not only benefits the business but also the people involved in it in
the long run. It is important that CSR is done by businesses, especially bigger
companies to give maintain a good image and benefit the surrounding environment,
such as workers, consumers, and nature itself.

Firstly, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is needed to maintain a good image in

the public eye. In the present time, a socially conscious image is increasingly being
demanded by consumers and investors. By giving back to the community where it
operates, a business will gain trust and approval from the people there. This will help
the business operate more successfully in terms of getting permits and resources.
 Furthermore, the workers for these businesses are more likely to be happier and be
responsible for their jobs. As a matter of fact, having made changes to their company
policies and practices, most businesses see significant growth and support from
consumers and society in general.

Secondly, corporations always take something from communities and nature in some
ways. So, it is obligated for them to be held accountable for their actions and contribute
to the betterment of the people and environments they source from. Contributions can
be done in several ways, for instance, volunteering at an animal sanctuary or donating
trees for reforestation efforts. Donating and Volunteering to charities is such an
important initiative that should be done consistently to return the efforts and resources
taken by these companies. If these efforts are given in every part of the business chain,
much of social welfare and environmental issues will decrease by a significant amount.

From these arguments, it is clear that every business has an ethical obligation to give
back to the community and environment where they operate or to charities. Supervision
by the local and international government, as well as the public, is believed to be the
most effective way for companies to stay ethical. By reaching out and helping the
communities that have contributed to them, businesses are more likely to flourish and
develop. With this purpose in mind, these efforts should be done in a conscious way
and be reflected in every part of the business practice.

*This text is taken from the work of a student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta namely
Monica Hartono, grade XI MIPA 4, present list No. 20, academic year 2020-2021, with
some revisions.

Which is true from the following choices based on the text above?

A. The thesis statement directly states the arguments.

B. The are three arguments given in the text.
C. There is no recommendation given in the text.
D. The position of the writer is not clearly written.
E. The arguments are pros and cons.

9. Read the text below and answer the question based on the text.

The Ethical Obligation of Businesses

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a type of self-made regulations made by a

company in order to be socially accountable. These responsibilities may include paying
a living wage, reducing carbon footprint, donating to the communities, and practicing
ethical trades. This not only benefits the business but also the people involved in it in
the long run. It is important that CSR is done by businesses, especially bigger
companies to give maintain a good image and benefit the surrounding environment,
such as workers, consumers, and nature itself.

Firstly, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is needed to maintain a good image in

 the public eye. In the present time, a socially conscious image is increasingly being
demanded by consumers and investors. By giving back to the community where it
operates, a business will gain trust and approval from the people there. This will help
the business operate more successfully in terms of getting permits and resources.
Furthermore, the workers for these businesses are more likely to be happier and be
responsible for their jobs. As a matter of fact, having made changes to their company
policies and practices, most businesses see significant growth and support from
consumers and society in general.

Secondly, corporations always take something from communities and nature in some
ways. So, it is obligated for them to be held accountable for their actions and contribute
to the betterment of the people and environments they source from. Contributions can
be done in several ways, for instance, volunteering at an animal sanctuary or donating
trees for reforestation efforts. Donating and Volunteering to charities is such an
important initiative that should be done consistently to return the efforts and resources
taken by these companies. If these efforts are given in every part of the business chain,
much of social welfare and environmental issues will decrease by a significant amount.

From these arguments, it is clear that every business has an ethical obligation to give
back to the community and environment where they operate or to charities. Supervision
by the local and international government, as well as the public, is believed to be the
most effective way for companies to stay ethical. By reaching out and helping the
communities that have contributed to them, businesses are more likely to flourish and
develop. With this purpose in mind, these efforts should be done in a conscious way
and be reflected in every part of the business practice.

*This text is taken from the work of a student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta namely
Monica Hartono, grade XI MIPA 4, present list No. 20, academic year 2020-2021, with
some revisions.

In what ways can the companies contribute to help reduce environmental problems?

A. donating to the communities and giving some courses for children surrounding the
companies
B. volunteering at an animal sanctuary and donating trees for reforestation efforts.
C. reducing carbon footprint by using eco-friendly tools and donating to an orphanage.
D. donating trees for reforestation and donating for some homeless near the companies.
E. giving some lands for green area and giving scholarships to children surrounding the
companies

10. Read the text below and answer the question based on the text.

The Ethical Obligation of Businesses

 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a type of self-made regulations made by a
company in order to be socially accountable. These responsibilities may include paying
a living wage, reducing carbon footprint, donating to the communities, and practicing
ethical trades. This not only benefits the business but also the people involved in it in
the long run. It is important that CSR is done by businesses, especially bigger
companies to give maintain a good image and benefit the surrounding environment,
such as workers, consumers, and nature itself.

Firstly, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is needed to maintain a good image in

the public eye. In the present time, a socially conscious image is increasingly being
demanded by consumers and investors. By giving back to the community where it
operates, a business will gain trust and approval from the people there. This will help
the business operate more successfully in terms of getting permits and resources.
Furthermore, the workers for these businesses are more likely to be happier and be
responsible for their jobs. As a matter of fact, having made changes to their company
policies and practices, most businesses see significant growth and support from
consumers and society in general.

Secondly, corporations always take something from communities and nature in some
ways. So, it is obligated for them to be held accountable for their actions and contribute
to the betterment of the people and environments they source from. Contributions can
be done in several ways, for instance, volunteering at an animal sanctuary or donating
trees for reforestation efforts. Donating and Volunteering to charities is such an
important initiative that should be done consistently to return the efforts and resources
taken by these companies. If these efforts are given in every part of the business chain,
much of social welfare and environmental issues will decrease by a significant amount.

From these arguments, it is clear that every business has an ethical obligation to give
back to the community and environment where they operate or to charities.
Supervision by the local and international government, as well as the public, is
believed to be the most effective way for companies to stay ethical. By reaching out
and helping the communities that have contributed to them, businesses are more likely
to flourish and develop. With this purpose in mind, these efforts should be done in a
conscious way and be reflected in every part of the business practice.

*This text is taken from the work of a student of SMA Santa Ursula Jakarta namely
Monica Hartono, grade XI MIPA 4, present list No. 20, academic year 2020-2021,
with some revisions.

What is another argument which can be added to support the writer’s position based on
the text above?

A. Not every business is capable of doing CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) due to
the economic condition nowadays.
B. Doing business itself is already a form of doing CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility).
C. It is the right of the business itself to be socially responsible or not.
D. Business already contributes socially by hiring people to work once it operates.
 E. CSR can attract more investors as your company is healthy and looking towards the
future.

REFERENCES

Amarain, S et.al. 2009. Text Forms and Features. Indonesia. Umbrella Corporation.

Knapp, Peter & Watkins Megan. 2005. Genre, Text, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and
Assessing Writing. Sydney. University of New South Wales Press Ltd.

Nation, I.S.P. 2009. Teaching ESL/EFL Reading and Writing. New York. Routledge.

https://analyticalteks.blogspot.com/2012/12/teks-analytical-beserta-soaljawaban.html
Video sources:

Miss Universe 2019 Top 3 Question and Answer Round | Miss Universe 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvErNgwwciY, retrieved on April 21, 2021 at 08.23 p.m.