COMMUNICATION

Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Science
Lesson 10: “What is Communication?”
Detoning, Trishia Anne Ronalyn Barruella

Dolor, Princess Jiji DIASS Teacher
Villanueva, Frezyl Anne
Reporters
Communication- the word “communication” was derived from the Latin word communis,
which means “common.” As the term suggests, communication is concerned with establishing
a commonness between the participants of communication, that is, through the transmission of
ideas and emotions. Which composed of a sender and a receiver.
Communication has been called the most practical of the academic disciplines (Jones
2013). No matter the field of expertise, we are all practitioners of communication.
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
 Verbal Communication is communicating with spoken words. It is also referred to as oral

communication.
 Nonverbal Communication, is a “process of generating meaning using behavior other than words”. It
includes body language (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact) and paralanguage (pitch, volume,
speech rate, accent, etc.). Also is used to complement verbal messages, emphasize verbal messages,
replace verbal messages, and contradict verbal messages.
 Written Communication is a method of communication that makes use of written symbols, such as a
standard script (e.g. English alphabet) and numbers. Examples of written communication include
letters, e-mail, reports, and memos, among others.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Message- the content of the communicative act. It is encoded into symbols and communicated through verbal
and nonverbal methods.
Sender and Receiver- the sender also known as the encoder or source, encodes ideas and feelings,
transmitting them through a communication system. The receiver, also known as the decoder, interprets and
responds to the message through feedback. These roles interchange as messages are sent and received
during communication.
Channel- refers to the medium by which the message is transmitted from sender to receiver. The basic and
natural channels of communication are the five senses: hearing, touching, smelling, tasting and seeing. With
the evolution of technology.
Feedback- refers to the information or signal sent back to the sender by the receiver through verbal or
nonverbal means. Feedback enables both the receiver and sender to adjust their communication to reach an
understanding or meet their common goal. There are two kinds of feedback: positive and negative.
Context- pertains to the setting or environment surrounding the communication transaction. This may be a
place, a time, an event, and even includes the social, cultural, and psychological condition of the
communicators.
Noise- is anything that can distort the message. It is also known as interference. This can be anything that
serves to distract the sender and receiver from achieving their intended communicative goal.
Effect- these are consequence or result of communication, both positive and negative. This effect may be
classified as cognitive, affective, or behavioral.
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Transmission Model- considered as one of the simplest communication models. It describes communication
as a linear, one-way process in which a message is transmitted from sender to receiver. The model also
acknowledges the effect of noise in the process of communication.
Interactional Model- “circular model of communication”, describes communication as a two-way process. It
shows the alternating role of communicators as sender and receiver in encoding and decoding messages. The
inclusion of feedback in the model suggests that the encoding and decoding of messages may happen
simultaneously and reflects the cyclical process of communication.
Transactional Model- “ a more accurate model of the communication process” as it reflects communication in
the real world. It emphasizes the simultaneous role of communicators as senders and receivers in the
communication process. It is when communicators share a frame of reference that an actual exchange of
meanings can take place.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is Dynamic. The way we communicate evolves as we continually define our
relationships, adjust our behavior and patterns of interaction, and acquire communication experiences.
Communication is Unrepeatable and Irreversible. Whatever has been said or done cannot be taken
back for it has already affected the communicators in some way, whether in the cognitive, affective, or
behavioral aspect.
Communication Has No Opposite. We communicate with a purpose. We may also communicate
without any awareness of doing so. We can never stop communicating because everything about us, even our
silence, sends a message.
Communication is Affected by Culture. Factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, religion, and age
affects how people attribute meanings. Having the knowledge, sensitivity, and respect for cultural differences is
one key for effective communication.
Communication is Influenced by Ethics. Participants of communication make judgments of what is
right and wrong. These judgements are based on ethics. A communicative act is considered ethical if it is
based on socially agreed upon standards of behavior.
Communication is Competence-Based. Communication is a skill that needs to be developed. No
matter what field we wish to pursue, we can all benefit from developing our communicating skills.
Communication is Being Transformed by Media and Technology. The extent of the evolution of
such media has also exerted a large influence in the way we perceive and disseminate ideas and cultural
values which can either reinforce or change existing stereotypes or provide a way o empowering the citizens.
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal Communication- refers to “communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective
thinking.” A dialogue or self-talk.
Interpersonal Communication- when the communication takes place between people with an aim to build,
maintain, or end relationships. This level of communication is more goal- oriented, may be planned or
unplanned, interactive, and fulfills social and instrumental needs. It is usually more structured and influenced
by ethical considerations.
Group Communication- is communication among three or more people that is usually more formal in nature
and is more oriented toward fulfilling a task or achieving a goal than interpersonal communication.
Public Communication- usually involves one sender transmitting information to an audience. It is more
formal, purposeful, and goal-oriented as compared to interpersonal and group communication.
Mass Media Communication- message is transmitted to a potentially large audience across great distances
with the use of a technological medium.
GOALS OF COMMUNICATION
 To inform and be informed
 To persuade and influence
 To build and maintain relationships
 To develop a career

COMMUNICATION

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Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Science

Lesson 10: “What is Communication?”

Detoning, Trishia Anne Ronalyn Barruella

 Verbal Communication is communicating with spoken words. It is also referred to as oral

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