Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Contemporary Ideologies
with Introduction to Globalization
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
In the Philippines, notice the entry of Korean,
Indian and French restaurants, to name a few.
Filipinos do not need to go to Korea just to try
Korean food. So, what is globalization? How new is
globalization? What has led to increase globalization?
What are some positive effects of globalization?
When people trade, how do both sides (two or more
countries) benefit? What are some negative effects
of globalization? What roles do the international
monetary fund (IMF), the World Bank and the world Globalization Now: Risk and
trade organization (WTO) play in globalization? Opportunity
What are some effects of multinational businesses? What are some of the issues
involved with outsourcing jobs? What is the future of globalization?
Several literatures defined globalization focusing on a variety of phenomena,
including process, a condition, a system, a force, and an age (Steger, 2005). Further,
Steger (2005) elaborated globalization as something that is “confined to a set of
complex, sometimes contradictory, social processes that are changing the current
social condition based on the modern system of independent nation-states” (p. 12).
It is the result of political, economic, cultural change and technological innovations.
Globalization “implies that we are moving from the modern socio-political order
of nation states that gradually emerged in the seventeenth century toward the
‘postmodern’ condition of globality” (Steger, 2005, p.13). The changes may occur
slowly or quickly depending on the people’s idea of change. Balaam (2013) described
globalization as the growing interdependence among people and state all over the
world that resulted from digital revolution and the spread of Western (American)
culture. He further characterized it as:
Claim one: globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
In “globalization”, it requires the necessary move for “liberalization” of
market for the “integration” with countries, regardless of the political and cultural
preferences expressed by local citizens, to happen.
Drivers of Globalization
The level to which a certain state adapt to globalization depends on how each
formulate policies to ensure movement. Each state should address the drivers of
globalization to ensure economic, political, and socio-cultural activity.
1. Decline of barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital. After World
War II countries likeFrance, Germany, Italy, Japan, Holland, Sweden, UK and
US removed economic barriers and allowed the free flow of goods, services
Types of Globalization
The degree of each state’s response to globalization depends on how each adapt
the different types of globalization. Each state vary in its accommodation of the
types of globalization depending on what each state believed they will benefit the
most.
1. Financial Globalization. The world’s financial systems have become
intimately interconnected: the stock market trading in New York Stock
Exchange can affect Tokyo and Hong Kong.
2. Economic Globalization. The existence of transnational corporations like
Ford, Coca Cola, and Nike.
3. Technological Globalization. There exists a “global village” where everything
can be accessed by using computer and mobile phones.
4. Political Globalization. The pressure for different countries to adopt uniform
policies to boost interdependence like the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA).