Extra Practice Test 4
Extra Practice Test 4
Extra Practice Test 4
Candidate Name:
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Listen to the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
While you are listening, write your answers on the question paper.
You will have 10 minutes at the end of the test to copy your answers onto the separate answer
sheet. Use a pencil.
At the end of the test, hand in this question paper.
TEST 4
LISTENING
Questions 1- 7
Duck £1 per duck Start behind the Prize: tickets for 4 ......................
concert
races held at the end of the festival. Ducks
3 ......................
cinema can be bought in the 5 ......................
market
Questions 8-10
Who is each play suitable for?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to Questions 8-10.
Plays
8 A
The Mystery of Muldoon ……………
9 Fire and Flood ……………
B
10 Silly Sailor ……………
C
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Questions 11-16
What does the speaker say about each of the following collections?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 11-16
Comments
A was given by one person
B was recently publicised in the media
C includes some items given by members of the public
D includes some items given by the artists
E includes the most popular exhibits in the museum
F is the largest of its kind in the country
G has had some of its contents relocated
Collections
Questions 17 – 20
Basement of museum
17 restaurant ……………
18 café ……………
19 baby-changing facilities ……………
20 cloakroom ……………
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Questions 21- 22
Which TWO characteristics were shared by the subjects of Joanna's psychology study?
Questions 23 and 24
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO points does Joanna make about her use of telephone interviews?
Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO topics did Joanna originally intend to investigate in her research?
A regulations concerning concert dress
B audience reactions to the dress of performers
C changes in performer attitudes to concert dress
D how choice of dress relates to performer roles
E links between musical instrument and dress choice
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Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A. B or C.
27 Joanna concentrated on women performers because
28 Mike Frost's article suggests that in popular music, women's dress is affected by
30 According to the speakers, musicians could learn from sports scientists about
SECTION 4 Questions 31 – 40
Regenerative agriculture
• uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and 35...................................
• e.g. through year-round planting and increasing the 36......................................... of plants
that are grown
California study:
• taking place on a big 37 ........................................... farm
• uses compost made from waste from agriculture and 38 ..........................................
Australia study:
• aims to increase soil carbon by using 39....................................... that are always green
Time: 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answer on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage
1 below.
Research using twins
To biomedical researchers all over the The idea of using twins to measure the
world, twins offer a precious opportunity influence of heredity dates back to 1875,
to untangle the influence of genes and the when the English scientist Francis Galton
environment – of nature and nurture. first suggested the approach (and coined
Because identical twins come from a the phrase ‘nature and nurture’). But twin
single fertilized egg that splits into two, studies took a surprising twist in the
they share virtually the same genetic code. 1980s, with the arrival of studies into
Any differences between them – one twin identical twins who had been separated at
having younger looking skin, for example birth and reunited as adults. Over two
– must be due to environmental factors visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what
such as less time spent in the sun. became knowns as the Minnesota Study of
Twins Reared Apart. Numerous tests were
Alternatively, by comparing the carried out on the twins, and they were
experiences of identical twins with those each asked more than 15,000 questions.
of fraternal twins, who come from separate
eggs and share on average half their DNA, Bouchard and his colleagues used this
researchers can quantify the extent to mountain of data to identify how far twins
which our genes affect our lives. If were affected by their genetic makeup.
identical twins are more similar to each The key to their approach was a statistical
other with respect to an ailment than concept called heritability. In broad terms,
fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the heritability of a trait measures the
the disease must be rooted at least in part extent to which differences among
in heredity. members of a population can be explained
by differences in their genetics. And
These two lines of research – studying the wherever Bouchard and other scientists
differences between identical twins to looked, it seemed, they found the invisible
pinpoint the influence of environment, and hand of genetic influence helping to shape
comparing identical twins with fraternal our lives.
ones to measure the role of inheritance –
have been crucial to understanding the Lately, however, twin studies have helped
interplay of nature and nurture in lead scientists to a radical new conclusion:
determining our personalities, behavior, that nature and nurture are not the only
and vulnerability to disease. elemental forces at work. According to a
recent field called epigenetics, there is a
third factor also in play, one that in some
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Questions 1 – 4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1 – 4 on your answer sheet, write
1 There may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin of identical
twins looks.
2 Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.
3 Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.
4 Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental processes.
Questions 5 - 9
Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.
List of Researchers
A Francis Gaiton
B Thomas Bouchard
C Danielle Reed
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
Epigenetic processes
In epigenetic processes, 10 ...................... influence the activity of our genes, for example in
creating our internal 11 ....................... The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way
in which our genes can be affected by our 12 ...................... . One example is that if a
pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its 13 ...................... .
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage
2 below.
realism of film and also help to create a in its absence. We are aware that it is used
particular atmosphere. For example, the to add emotion and rhythm. Usually not
'click' of a door being opened may simply meant to be noticeable, it often provides a
serve to convince the audience that the tone or an emotional attitude toward the
image portrayed is real, and the audience story and or the characters depicted. In
may only subconsciously note the addition, background music often
expected sound. However, if the 'click' of foreshadows a change in mood. For
an opening door is part of an ominous example, dissonant music may be used in
action such as a burglary, the sound mixer film to indicate an approaching (but not
may call attention to the 'click' with an yet visible) menace or disaster.
increase in volume; this helps to engage
the audience in a moment of suspense. Background music may aid viewer
understanding by linking scenes. For
Asynchronous sound effects, on the other example, a particular musical theme
hand, are not matched with a visible associated with an individual character or
source of the sound on screen. Such situation may be repeated at various points
sounds are included so as to provide an in a film in order to remind the audience of
appropriate emotional nuance, and they salient motifs or ideas.
may also add to the realism of the film.
For example, a film-maker might opt to Film sound comprises conventions and
include the background sound of an innovations. We have come to expect an
ambulance's siren while the foreground acceleration of music during car chases
sound and image portrays an arguing and creaky doors in horror films. Yet, it is
couple. The asynchronous ambulance siren important to note as well that sound is
underscores the psychic injury incurred in often brilliantly conceived. The effects of
the argument; at the same time the noise of sound are often largely subtle and often are
the siren adds to the realism of the film by noted by only our subconscious minds. We
acknowledging the film's city setting. need to foster an awareness of film sound
as well as film space so as to truly
We are probably all familiar with appreciate an art form that sprang to life
background music in films, which has during the twentieth century – the modern
become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable film.
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Questions 14-18
18 The writer refers to the 'click' of a door to make the point that realistic sounds
A are often used to give the audience a false impression of events in the film.
B may be interpreted in different ways by different members of the audience.
C may be modified in order to manipulate the audience's response to the film.
D tend to be more significant in films presenting realistic situations.
2
Questions 19-23
Label the diagram below.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet, write
Questions 24-26
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27- 40, which are based on Reading Passage
3 below.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Differences between languages highlight their impressiveness
ii The way in which a few sounds are organised to convey a huge
range of meaning
iii Why the sounds used in different languages are not identical
iv Apparently incompatible characteristics of language
v Even silence can be meaningful
vi Why language is the most important invention of all
vii The universal ability to use language
27 Paragraph A
28 Paragraph B
29 Paragraph C
30 Paragraph D
31 Paragraph E
32 Paragraph F
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B But language is foremost not just because it came first. In its own right it is a tool of
extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of ingenious simplicity: 'this
marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite
variety of expressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our
mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to those who
cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various stirrings of our soul'. This
was how, in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the Port-Royal abbey near
Versailles distilled the essence of language, and no one since has celebrated more
eloquently the magnitude of its achievement. Even so, there is just one flaw in all these
hymns of praise, for the homage to language's unique accomplishment conceals a
simple yet critical incongruity. Language is mankind's greatest invention – except, of
course, that it was never invented. This apparent paradox is at the core of our
fascination with language, and it holds many of its secrets.
C Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything
other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this
instrument make so much out of barely three dozen measly morsels of sound? In
themselves, these configurations of mouth - p, f, b, v, t, d, k, g, sh, a, e and so on –
amount to nothing more than a few haphazard spits and splutters, random noises with
no meaning, no ability to express, no power to explain. But run them through the cogs
and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders,
and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the
interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the
universe.
D The most extraordinary thing about language, however, is that one doesn't have to be a
genius to set its wheels in motion. The language machine allows just about everybody –
from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in
the suburban sprawl – to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety
of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest exertion. Yet it is precisely this
deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday life
its triumphs are usually taken for granted. The wheels of language run so smoothly that
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one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and expertise that
must have gone into making it tick. Language conceals art.
E Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and
outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of language's design. One of the
showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of
breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole
sentence to say. The Turkish word sehirlilisfiremediklerimizdensiniz, to take one
example, means nothing less than 'you are one of those whom we can't turn into a town-
dweller'. (In case you were wondering, this monstrosity really is one word, not merely
many different words squashed together – most of its components cannot even stand up
on their own.)
F And if that sounds like some one-off freak, then consider Sumerian, the language
spoken on the banks of the Euphrates some 5,000 years ago by the people who invented
writing and thus enabled the documentation of history. A Sumerian word like
munintumaa ('when he had made it suitable for her') might seem rather trim compared
to the Turkish colossus above. What is so impressive about it, however, is not its
lengthiness but rather the reverse – the thrifty compactness of its construction. The
word is made up of different slots, each corresponding to a particular portion of
meaning. This sleek design allows single sounds to convey useful information, and in
fact even the absence of a sound has been enlisted to express something specific. If you
were to ask which bit in the Sumerian word corresponds to the pronoun 'it' in the
English translation 'when he had made it suitable for her', then the answer would have
to be nothing. Mind you, a very particular kind of nothing: the nothing that stands in the
empty slot in the middle. The technology is so fine-tuned then that even a non-sound,
when carefully placed in a particular position, has been invested with a specific
function. Who could possibly have come up with such a nifty contraption?
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Questions 33-36
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.
The importance of language
The wheel is one invention that has had a major impact on 33 ...................... aspects of life, but
no impact has been as 34 ...................... as that of language. Language is very 35..................... ,
yet composed of just a small number of sounds.
Language appears to be 36...................... to use. However, its sophistication is often
overlooked.
Questions 37 – 40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet, write
37 Human beings might have achieved their present position without language.
38 The Port-Royal grammarians did justice to the nature of language.
39 A complex idea can be explained more clearly in a sentence than in a single word.
40 The Sumerians were responsible for starting the recording of events.
Candidate Number
Candidate Name:
Time: 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each task carefully.
Answer both of the tasks.
Write at least 150 words for Task 1.
Write at least 250 words for Task 2.
Write your answers in the answer booklet.
Write clearly in pen or pencil. You may make alterations, but make sure your work is easy to
read.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer booklet.
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
The two pie charts below show the percentages of industry sectors' contribution to the
economy of Turkey in 2000 and 2016.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant
Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the
following topic.
Some people think that newspapers are the best way to get news. However, others believe
that they can get news better through another media.
Discuss both views and give your opinion?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
or experience.
PART 1
The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other
familiar topics.
EXAMPLE
Names
PART 2
PART 3
Discussion topics:
Different types of TV programmes
Example questions:
What are the most popular kinds of TV programmes in your country? Why is this?
Do you think there are too many game shows on TV nowadays? Why?
Do you think TV is the main way for people to get the news in your country? What other
ways are there?
TV advertising
Example questions:
What types of products are advertised most often on TV?
Do you think that people pay attention to adverts on TV? Why do you think that is?
How important are regulations on TV advertising?