FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Pilipino)

PERIOD LOCATION DESCRIPTION

PRE-HISTORIC
Caves and Rock Shelter
Tabon Cave Palawan Served as shelters for the early Filipinos
First form of man-made dwelling made from indigenous materials
Lean-To Windshield or one-sided lean-t0 with or without flooring
Single pitched roof supported by rafters
2000-year-old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao by the ancestors of indigenous people.
Commonly referred to as the “Eight Wonder of the World”
Banaue Rice Terraces
Located approximately 1500 meters (5000 ft) above sea level.
Fed by an ancient irrigation system from the rainforests above the terraces
CLASSICAL PERIOD
The architecture of the early Filipinos are also the skills that were used at the time of war and on the battlefield. Due to the creation of various thalassocratic states within the archipelago,
trade began to flourish. Neighboring tribes would often wage war for territory and trade rights in certain areas, thids ultimately led to the fortification of villages and towns. Another reason for
SKILLS IN FORTIFICATION
the development of these fortifications skills was that of prestige and intimidation, petty chiefs, Datus and Rajahs as they were called, often built forts and fortifications to intimidate other
chiefs in their area.
With the arrival of Muslim scholars from nearby Indonesia, the native Filipinos were introduced to the concept of the Kota or fort. The Muslim Filipinos of the south built
strongfortresses called  or  to protect their communities. Usually, many of the occupants of these kotas are entire families rather than just warriors. Lords often had their
own kotas to assert their right to rule, it served not only as a military installation but as a palace for the local Lord. It is said that at the height of theMaguindanao Sultanate's power, they
blanketed the areas around Western Mindanao with Kotas and other fortifications to block the Spanish advance into the region. These kotas were usually made of stone and bamboo or
The
other light materials and surrounded by trench networks. As a result, some of these kotas were burned easily of destroyed. With further Spanish campaigns in the region, the Sultanate
was subdued and majority of Kotas dismantled or destroyed. Kotas were not only used by the Muslims as defense against Spaniards and other foreigners, renegades and rebels also built
fortifications in defiance of other chiefs in the area.[2] During the American occupation, rebels built strongholds and the Datus, Rajahs or Sultans often built and reinforced their kotas in a
desperate bid to maintain rule over their subjects and their land.[3] Many of these forts were also destroyed by American expeditions; as a result, very very few kotas still stand to this day.
Kota Selurong An outpost of the Bruneian Empire in Luzon and later became the City of Manila.
Kuta Wato / Kota Bato Literally translates to "stone fort" the first known stone fortification in the country, its ruins exist as the "Kutawato Cave Complex"
Kota Sug / Jolo The capital and seat of the Sultanate of Sulu. When it was occupied by the Spaniards in the 1870s they converted the kota into the world's smallest walled city.
The Ivatan people of the northern islands of Batanes often built fortifications to protect themselves during times of war. They built their so-called idjangs on hills and elevated areas. These
Batanes Castles fortifications were likened to European castles because of their purpose. Usually, the only entrance to the castles would be via a rope ladder that would only be lowered for the villagers and
could be kept away when invaders arrived.
Igorot Forts The Igorots built forts made of stone walls that averaged several meters in width and about two to three times the width in height around 2000 BC
THE CLASSICAL FILIPINO HOUSE
Lawig Small House
The Large Houses / Big House of Datu Inuc
Made of nipa, bamboo and wood
Mala-A-Walai A prominent structure in the Moro Settlement, typically a one-room dwelling area without a ceiling and with no permanent partitions except for mats, chests or woven cloths. The house is
usually built on nine posts and has a porch linking the house proper to the kitchen. Maguindana houses have a steep roof and use the okir and other local artistic elements. Ventilation is
an important concern due to the hot climate on the Cotabato plane.
The House of the Kings / Datu House / Royal House
Elevated by 0.30m to 2.20m high above the ground with a single room structure without partitions
Lanao del Norte
Torogan Ancestral house for Datu and his family used for social and political ceremonies
and Lanao del Sur
An ornately decorated ancestral house for the datu and his extended family or the houses for the upper-class. It is the house of Maranao’s who speak the Austronesian Language.

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ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
The windows of torogan are slits and richly framed in wood panels with okir designs located in front of the house.
The communal kitchen is half a meter lower than the main house is both used for cooking and eating.
The distinct high gable roof of the torogan, thin at the apex and gracefully flaring out to the eaves, sits on a huge structures enclosed by slabs of timber and lifted more than two meters
above the ground by a huge trunk of a tree that was set on a rock.
The house was built to sway during earthquakes. Twenty-five post of huge tree trunks were not buried but are freestanding. Sometimes, if needed, wooden pegs were used to secure the
wood members. These were all used to prevent the house from collapsing

DECORATIONS
DIONGAL – apex of the roof
TINAI-A-WALAI / RAMPATAN– intricate carvings, central beams that serves as intestines of the house
MALONG – bright colored weaves hanging from the rafters to signify privacy
PANOLONG – A wing-like beam located at the ends of the floor. Its usual motifs or designs ar Pako Rabong or Fern, Naga or Serpent. These are chiseled and painted with bright colors
Single room of 4.00m x 6.00m rectangular plan, elevated by 1.50m – 2.00m high on four tree trunks as columns
Mountains of Trunks are made from Amugawan Tree
Ifugao House
Cordillera Roof is covered with reed and grass resting on a brace supported by a kingpost
Two doors on both sides of the house accessed by a ladder
Badjao House Coast of Tawi- Houses on stilts above shallow water with flooring made of bamboo
Tawi Each house in the community was made accessible to eachother by means of bamboo planks laid out as streets
Interior space was enclosed by wooden walls nailed permanently for protection
PARTS OF BAHAY NA KUBO
Bulwagan Reserved for ntertaining guests
Silid Private room for sleeping
Gilir / Paglutuan Kitchen or cooking area
Originally a one-room dwelling and evolved into more sophisticated type of dwelling
Dapogan Table on top where the river stone shoe-shaped stove is located
Walls are made of nipa leaves or flattened split bamboo cut into fine strips and were
Lowlands all over
Nipa Hut / Bakay Kubo woven in herringbone pattern forming tha sawali silid Bangahan / Place for drying and storing pots and pans, drinking glasses,
the Philippines
Roof is covered with cogon grass, rice stalks, sugar cane leaves, split bamboo, anahaw Banggerahan plates and other kitchen utensils
leaves or nipa shingles Batalan Unroofed area where water jars were kept
Space underneath the house used as storage space for the
Silong farming and fishing implements and where small animals were
also kept
Kamalig Separate structure used for the storage of rice
SPANISH CLONIAL ERA
PARTS OF BAHAY NA BATO
Influence from the Spaniards Zaguan Carriages and Saint’s Floats are kept

GROUND FLOOR
Stone at ground floor and wood at second floor Cuadra Horse stable
Improved version of the Bahay Kubo
Bodega Storage room for keeping old furniture and palay bins
Wooden posts of Molave and Ipil are used as supports for floors, beams and roof rafters
Bahay Na Bato Mezzanine elevated above a meter from the ground, can only be
Yakal is used as floor joists while narra is used for floor boards Entresuelo
Overhanging eaves surround the house for protection of upper storey against the accessed from the masters bedroom on the second floor
heatand glare of the sun and heavy rains Patio Enclosed courtyard open to the sky and adjacent to the zaguan
Cistern used for storage of collected rainwater underneath the
Aljibe
azotea
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Caida Ante-Sala; immediate room from the ceremonial
Living room where balls and dances during fiestas and other
Sala
special occasions takes place
Comedor Dining room

SECOND FLOOR
Cocina Kitchen
Dispensa Room adjacent to the Cocina used as food storage
Comun / Latrina Toilet adjacent to the service area
Banyo / Paliguan Bathroom often built separately from the toilet
Open terrace open to toilet, bath and kitchen; also used as
Azotea
laundry and service area
Cuarto / Alcoba /
Bedroom
Dormitorio
Balcon Overhanging balcony fronting the main street
Intramuros is the old walled city of Manila located along the southern bank of the Pasig River. The historic city was home to centuries-old churches, schools, convents, government
Intramuros buildings and residences, the best collection of Spanish colonial architecture before much of it was destroyed by the bombs of World War II. Of all the buildings within the 67-acre city,
only one building, the San Agustin Church, survived the war.
Fort Santiago  is a defense fortress established by Spanish conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi. The fort is the citadel of the walled city of Intramuros, in Manila.
Fort Santiago The location of Fort Santiago was also once the site of the palace and kingdom of Rajah Suliman, king of Maynila of pre-Spanish era. It was destroyed by the conquistadorsupon arriving
in 1570, encountering several bloody battles with the Muslims and native Tagalogs. The Spaniards destroyed the native settlements and erected Fuerza de Santiago in 1571.
Paco Park was planned as a municipal cemetery for the well-off and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or Intramuros. The cemetery is circular in
shape, with an inner circular fort that was the original cemetery with niches on the hollow walls. As the population continued to grow, a similar second outer wall was built with the thick
Paco Park
adobe hollow walls with niches, the top of the walls made into a walkway circumnavigating the park. A Roman Catholic chapel was built inside the inner walls, dedicated to St. Pancratius.
The landscape design was done by Ildefonso Santos from 1967 to 1969.
Lighthouses During the Spanish and American era many lighthouses were constructed around the Philippine Islands. The most Northeastern Lighthouse can be found in Burgos, Ilocos Norte.
Churches
Began by Fr. Juan de Salazae in 1630
Bishops declared the church as the National Shrine of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage or Nuestra Señora de Paz y Buen Viaje
ANTIPOLO CHURCH Antipolo, Rizal
Circular Plan covered by a huge dome with three main entrances
Gothic influence in the facade
Built by Fr. Juan de Torres and Fr. Gabriel Sanchez in 1595
Oldest church in Bohol
BACLAYON CHURCH Bohol
Oldest church mad of stone in the Philippines
Simple lines of Early Decorated Style
First built by Augustinian priests in 1859
Combination of Romanesque and Renaissance
BARASOAIN CHURCH Bulacan Romanesque – recessed door jambs with orders and concentric arches
Renaissance – fluted flat pilasters used for relieving walls
Baroque – crowning pediment emphasized by the sweeping concave lines of the upper side walls
First constracted by Fr. Diego Cerra in 1972
First stone church built in Las Piñas city and reconstructed by Architect Francico Mañosa
BAMBOO CHURCH Las Piñas
Church façade is Early Renaissance
House of the famous Bamboo Organ

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Constructed by Fr. Juan de Torres
LOBOC CHURCH Bohol Contains the biggest number of murals on religious subjects done on its ceiling and walls
Early Renaissance façade – circular windows filling the tympanum
Firs built by the Dominicans
OUR LADY OF MANAOAG Pangasinan In 1880, the belfry demolished the church due to some cracks caused by an earthquake
Church was completed in 1932
First Church (1571) – When the church was raised to a cathedral in 1579, a new structure made from nipa, wood, and bamboo was constructed in 1581 by Domingo de Salazar, the first
bishop of Manila. The new structure was consecrated on December 21, 1581, formally becoming a cathedral. The structure was destroyed by fire in 1583
Second Cathedral (1592) – The second cathedral, which was made of stone, was built in 1592. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1600.
MANILA METROPOLITAN Third Cathedral (1614) – The new structure, consisting of three naves and seven chapels, was blessed in 1614. It was toppled by another earthquake which shook Manila in 1645.
CATHEDRAL – BASILICA Fourth Cathedral (1654) – The fourth cathedral was constructed from 1654 to 1671. In 1750, a  ("half orange") dome was added to the crossing by the Florentine friar Juan
Manila
(Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate de Uguccioni, who also introduced a transept to the structure. It was severely damaged in 1863 by a very strong earthquake that also damaged the palace of the Governor General of the
Conception) Philippines. In 1880, another earthquake toppled its bell tower, rendering the cathedral towerless until 1958.
Seventh Cathedral (1870) – The seventh cathedral was constructed from 1870 to 1879.
Present Cathedral (1954) – The present cathedral was constructed from 1954 to 1958 underCardinal Rufino Jiao Santos and under the supervision of the notable Filipino architect
Fernando H. Ocampo.
Declared as “National Landmark” in August 01, 1973
It is included in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List
Façade displays an example of Filipino Folk Art
The church's over-all architectural style falls under the Baroque Romanesque architectural style. Its ochre color is due to the materials used in constructing the church, adobe,
egg, coral and limestone. The church's foundation is 6 meters deep and the massive stone walls at 1.5 meters thick are intensified through the use of 4 meter thick flying buttresses as
protection to the Moro invaders as stipulated under Royal Decree 111 of 1573 (Law of the Indies).
MIAGAO CHURCH Façade – the façade of Miagao church consists of an ornately decorated bas-relief in the middle of two huge watchtower belfries on each side. The bas-relief is a mixed influence of
(Santo Tomas de Villanueva Parish Iloilo Medieval Spanish, Chinese, Muslim and local traditions and elements, a unique characteristic of the church façade. A prominent part of the façade is a coconut tree depicted as the 
Church) where St. Christopher holds on. St. Christopher is dressed in local and traditional clothing carrying the Child Jesus on his back. The rest of the façade features the daily life of the
people of Miagao during that time including native flora (like papaya, coconut and palm tree) and fauna. Above the wooden door entrance at the center of the façade just below the image
of St. Christopher is a carved image of the town's patron saint, St. Thomas of Villanueva. At each side of the door are the images of St. Henry of Bavaria on the left and Pope Pius VI.
Above the images of St. Henry and Pope Pius VI is their respective coat-of-arms.
Belltower – The two huge unequal belltowers directly attached to the main church serve as watchtowers to defend the town against invasion of Moros. It has two different designs since
it was commissioned by two different priests. On the left side is the older belfry, the tallest was the west belfry with four levels. Originally, the east belfry was constructed with only two
levels. It was in 1830 when Father Francisco Perez decided to add another storey to the east belfry (3 levels) is one level shorter than the west be;fry (4 levels).
Paoay church is the Philippines' primary example of a Spanish colonial earthquake baroque architecture dubbed by Alicia Coseteng, an interpretation of the
European Baroqueadapted to the seismic condition of the country through the use of enormous buttresses on the sides and back of the building. The adaptive reuse of baroque style
against earthquake is developed since many destructive earthquakesdestroyed earlier churches in the country. Javanesearchitecture reminiscent of Borobudur of Java can also be seen
on the church walls and facade.
Buttresses – The most striking feature of Paoay Church is the 24 huge buttresses of about 1.67 metres (5.5 ft) thick at the sides and back of the church building. Extending
from the exterior walls, it was conceived to a solution to possible destruction of the building due to earthquakes. Its stair-like buttresses (known as ) at the sides of the
church is possibly for easy access of the roof.
PAOAY CHURCH Walls – The walls are made of large coral stones on the lower part and bricks at the upper levels. The mortar used in the church includes sand and lime with sugarcane juice boiled
Ilocos Norte
(San Agustin Church of Paoay) with mango leaves, leather and rice straw. Its walls suggest Javanesearchitectural styles.
Façade – The stone facade appears as massive pediment rising from the ground and is built leaning towards the front. Square pilastersand stringed cornices divide the facade vertically
and horizontally respectively. Its bottom part is plain. Gothic features are also present through the use of finials while the triangular pediment shows Chinese elements and Oriental
strokes. Crenellations, niches, rosettes and the Augustinian coat of arms can also be seen. Facade is made of brick on the lower level and coral stones on the upper level.
Belltower – Adjacent to the facade is a three-storey coral belltowerconstructed separately from the church building on the right side resembling a pagoda.[3][6] It was in 1793 when the
cornerstone of the belltower was laid. [4] It stands at some distance from the church as a protection against earthquake.[7]It served as observational post for Filipino revolutionariesagainst
the Spaniards in 1898 and by Filipino guerrillas against Japanese soldiers during World War II.
Declarations – By virtue of Presidential Decree No. 260, Paoay Church was declared as a National Cultural Treasure by the Philippine government in 1973. The church was designated
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as aUNESCO World Heritage Site on December 11, 1993.
Conferre the title “Basilica Minor de Nuestro Padre Jesus Nazareno” in 1988
QUIAPO CHURCH Quiapo
Baroque façade with twisted columns on both levels
Designe after the High Renaissance
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH Manila Characterized by the super positioned columns of the Tuscan order on the first level and the Corinthian columns on the second level
Iglesi San Pablo de Manilaq
52 tons of steel were transported to Manila
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH Manila “The First All-Iron Church in the World”
First pre-fabricated structure to be erected in the Philippines
also known as National Shrine of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval de Manila (Spanish: 
; Filipino: ), is the largest church in Metro Manila and one of the biggest churches in Asia.
Early Church (1587) – A small church was erected on August 6, 1587, made from light materials. In January 1, 1588, the chapel was inaugurated and it enshrined the Miraculous image
of Our Lady of the Rosary from Mexico
Second Church (1592) – the church was partially destroyed by an earthquake. Because the roof has collapsed, the Dominican friars decided to build a larger church made from stronger
materials. Through the direction of Father Alonzo Jiménez, the second church was made from stone. The church was inaugurated on April 9, 1592.
Third Church (Early 17TH Century) – a fire of April 30, 1603, which destroyed a third of a city, consumed both the church and the convent. Almost immediately built a third church was
built, bigger and more costly. It contained a stone vault as precaution against fire and earthquake. Though made of stone, it was destroyed by another earthquake on November 30, 1645.
Only the high altar remained.
Fourth Church (1862) – A fourth church of stone and hardwood was built. There were wooden arches and three naves inside the church. This time, wooden posts supported the roof and
divided the church into a central nave with side aisles. The artistic interior designs were executed under the direction of Father Francisco Gainza. The church took two years to build. The
structural soundness of the church made it last for 250 years. Initiated by Father Castro, A new façade flanked by two towers and patterned after London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral designed
by Christopher Wren, was built for the church. The façade lasted almost a year. The church was inaugurated on June 15, 1862 with great festival. On June 3, 1863, the Philippines
experienced one of the strongest earthquakes in its history. The church was ruined by an earthquake of the same intensity as that which hit Manila in 1645.
Fifth Church (1887) – A few months after the 1863 earthquake, Felix Roxas presented a plan for the church’s reconstruction, partly following the plan of the previous church and utilizing
some of its salvageable parts. On August 30, 1864, the cornerstone of the present church was laid. In it was placed a lead box, containing art objects, gold coins, medals of saints and
other things belonging to the “Orden de Predicadores” Construction occurred from 1864 to 1887 in the gotico fingido (neogothic) style, using Philippine building materials. The immense
columns resembling spreading tree branches, were of acle, molave and ipil. The vault was of zinc or galvanized iron. The colored glass windows were ordered from Europe. These gave a
beautiful light inside the church. The four retablos were made under the direction of Father Joaquín Sabater, a professor of drawing at the University of Santo Tomás. Alberoni directed
SANTO DOMINGO CHURCH Quezon City the painting of the main altar.
The church measured 70 by 31 by 22 metres (230 ft × 102 ft × 72 ft) at the central aisles, and 16.6 metres (54 ft) high at the lateral aisles. Its towers rose to 23.3 metres (76 ft).
Although Fr. Sixto and Fr. Ristoro would supervise construction of the church, the Dominicans contracted the services of the European-trained architect Félix Roxas Sr. Roxas,
adapting the seismic realities, designed a church with story of stone an upper story of wood. He worked closely with Isabelo Tampinco who decorated the interior with carving imitating
the fan vault reminiscent of the English gothic; the walls and ceiling of the sacristy were similarly treated. Even the furniture in the sacristy was treated in the gothic manner. The chapel
of the Nuestra Señora de Rosario had an altar with lancet arches and gothic-inspired ornamented pinnacles. Its floor was made of native molave and narra and the pulpit was of fine
carving, with the images representing the different saints of the Order. A dove was attached to the sounding board of the pulpit, above which, there was an angel. The choir-loft was
spacious and was protected by wrought from railing manufactured in the Philippines. Over the central doorway, on the roof was enclosed in a glass case original Virgin of the Rosary,
which had been there for many centuries. The cupola above had many colored glass windows. Inside, was a balcony surrounded by iron railing.
The church incurred damage over time and was repaired. In 1887, the vault and the rose windows of batikuling were restored. The main altar was almost totally renovated, and the
columns repaired. The roof of the bell towers was renovated to assume a crown-like form. In 1941, the Gothic church of Santo Domingo in Intramuros was destroyed at the advent of the
Second World War. On December 21, 1941 the church and the Dominican monastery beside it were hit by Japanese bombs. This was the first church to be ruined during the Pacific
War. The friars, archives, the image of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval and other movable property like ivory statues, gala vestments of the Virgin; jewelry, and sacred vessels
were the only survivors of the war. The image was transferred to Santísimo Rosario Church at the University of Santo Tomás (UST) in España, Manila.
Sixth Church – Current Building (1954) – After the Second World War, the Dominicans constructed the sixth church in a new location. They built it on a portion of land they had
purchased in Quezon City. The Dominicans commissioned José Ma. Zaragoza to design the building while he was still a student of architecture at UST.
The new Santo Domingo church was built in the Spanish Modern style, which was unlike the Baroque churches built during Spanish period. The church employed the latest technique

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in reinforced-concrete building. The Mission-style architecture includes Romanesque and Gothic designs that accommodate more space. Measuring 85 by 40 metres (279 ft × 131 ft)
with a height of 25 metres (82 ft), there is a total floor area of 3,300 square metres (36,000 sq ft). It is the biggest church in Metro Manila and one of the biggest churches in Asia.The
Santo Domingo church complex was inaugurated on October 12, 1954.
The church façade has receding planes with leaves designed in corbel arches. Over the triple portals of the church is a high-relief frieze depicting the story of the La Naval. The giant
bas-relief of Santo Domingo was designed by the Italian sculptor and expatriate Francesco Monti.
In the nave of the church there are eight colorful murals by National Artist Carlos “Botong” Francisco depicting the life and times of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, the Spaniard who
founded the Order of Preachers. Francisco’s murals are just below the equally brilliant murals of the Four Evangelists in vivid brown tones by Vicente García Llamas.
Curved windows of the church frame masterful stained-glass designs by Galo Ocampo whose bases show different ecclesiastical seals. The windows depict the original 15 Stations of
the Holy Rosary as well as the Battle of Lepanto and La Naval de Manila; and the martyrdoms of San Vicente Liem de la Paz and San Francisco Capillas, Dominican protomartyrs of
Vietnam and China, respectively. Right behind Sto. Domingo Church’s facade are intricately carved panels and stained glass windows lie a treasure trove of the Philippines’ rich cultural
heritage and the object of centuries-old devotion, the image of Our Lady of the Rosary of La Naval, the oldest Marian icon in the country.
Basilica Minore is the tile conferred on this church
Declared a National Landmark by President Marcos
Built by Fray Juan de Albarran about 400 years ago, on the site where a soldier found an image of the Sto. Nino in a settlement that the Spanish soldiers have burned down
the Convent was founded in 1565, making it the first to be built in the country
SANTO NIÑO DE CEBU Cebu
constructed with stones from Panay and Capiz
façade : blending of Moorish, Romanesque and NeoClassical elements; trefoils on the doorways; two levels divided into three segments and topped by pediment; retablo at the center
belltower has four-sided balustraded dome
interior : pierced screen with floral motifs, pineapple decors at the choirloft, corn cobs at the capital
Rising above the city skyline are the pinkish hues of the Baguio Cathedral. The cathedral is but one of religious landmarks which dot the city. There is the Bell Temple, north of the city the
BAGUIO CHURCH Baguio City
Maryhurst Seminary with its brilliant gardens, and Lourdes Grotto with its 252 steps to heaven.
begun 1783-1788 by Dominican Domingo Forto and town mayor Pablo Sason; 1803-1808 – circular belltower was completed
pampango artisans carved the hardwood molds for the clay insets that decorate the church
TAMAUINI CHURCH Isabela ultra-baroque : unique for its extensive use of baked clay both for wall finishes and ornamentation
ornamental details : serpentine reliefs, spiral curves, flowers, foliage, sunfaces, cherubs and saints
circular belltower with white limestone finish, decorated with bright red clay rosettes and festoons
begun 1756-1773 by Augustinian Gregorio Giner; completed in 1802 by Fray Joaquin Calvo
ANGAT CHURCH Bulacan Baroque Style : coupled Corinthian and Doric columns divide façade into levels or segments, statues ringed with wreath-like ornaments flank niches, windows with bas-relief “curtains”
plain three-storey belltower with balustered top
1858 : Fray Marcos Anton, with the help of the architect Don Luciano Oliver, started construction; the church was completed in 1878
built on top of a hill and may be reached through flagstone steps, unobstructed by other buildings
TAAL CHURCH Batangas
façade : arched windows alternate with Ionic columns at first level, Corinthian at upper level; projected cornices and mouldings; three pediments
interior is cavernous bur drab with stout piers and semi-circular apse : mathematical exactness rather than ornamentation
established by people who fled the eruption of Mt. Mayon form Cagsawa
DRAGA CHURCH Albay the Franciscan wanted a church with the best features of Romanesque and Gothic, but it was executed by the carvers in Baroque
façade : a whole tablet without columns and cornices, only symmetrically positioned fenestrations, apertures and niches; whorls, twisted columns, foliage, medallions, statues and reliefs
The present Modern Romanesque church is the third to be built on the same site. It was designed by architect César Concio.[1] It took six years to build because most of the money
BACLARAN CHURCH came from small donations—the suggestion from the pulpit was 10 Philippine centavosper week—that often ran out requiring construction to stop.[1] The foundation stone was laid on
(National Shrine of Our Mother of Parañaque January 11, 1953 and on December 1, 1958 the new church was consecrated.[1] The church opened with a mass on December 5, 1958 and has been open 24 hours ever since, never
Perpetual Help Redemptorist Church) closing.
The modern, Romanesque Revival building has a full seating capacity of 2,000, but as many as 11,000 people (including standing) can fit inside during Masses.

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PRITZKER LAUREATES (1979 to 1999) PRITZKER LAUREATES (2000 to 2015) LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES
YEAR NAME NATION YEAR NAME NATION NO. YEAR NAME
1979 JOHNSON Philip USA 2000 KOOLHAAS Rem Netherlands 1 1982 MENDOZA Felipe M.
1980 BARRAGAN Luis Mexico HERZOG Jacques Switzerland 2 1987 LOCSIN Leandro V.
2001
1981 STIRLING James UK DE MEURON Pierre Switzerland 3 1990 FORMOSO Gabriel P.
1982 ROCHE Kevin Ireland 2002 MURCUTT Glenn UK 4 1995 CANCHELA Cesar V.
1983 PEI Ieoh Ming China 2003 UTZON Jørn Denmark 5 1996 MAÑOSA Manuel T.
1984 MEIER Richard USA 2004 HADID Zaha Iraq 6 2000 LAZARO JR. Angel
1985 HOLLIEN Hans Austria 2005 MAYNE Thom USA 7 2003 MAÑOSA Francisco T.
1986 BÖHM Gottfried Germany 2006 Da ROCHA Paolo Mendes Brazil 8 2005 MANAHAN Geronimo V.
1987 TANGE Kenzo Japan 2007 ROGERS Richard Italy 9 2006 FLORENTINO Edilberto F.
NIEMEYER Oscar Brazil 2008 NOUVEL Jean France 10 2009 NUKE Norberto M.
1988
BUNSHAFT Gordon USA 2009 ZUMTHOR Peter Switzerland 11 2013 HONG Froilan L.
1989 GEHRY Frank Canada SEJIMA Kazuyo Japan 12 2014 REYES Yolanda D.
2010
1990 ROSSI Aldo Italy NISHIZAWA Ryue Japan
1991 VENTURI Robert USA 2011 De MOURA Eduardo Souto Portugal
1992 SIZA Alvaro Portugal 2012 SHU Wang China LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARD

1993 MAKI Fumihiko Japan 2013 ITO Toyo Japan The highest distinction to be bestowed upon a fellow, who
1994 de PORTZAMPARC Christian Morocco 2014 BAN Shigeru Japan has adhered to the highest standards of professional and
ethical conduct, practiced in excellence and prestige the
1995 ANDO Tadao Japan 2015 OTTO Frei Germany architectural profession, has rendered distinguished
1996 MONEO Rafael Spain contribution and service to the UAP, and has performed
exceptional achievements and active participation in the
1997 FEHN Sverre Norway concern of the community, government and country.
1998 PIANO Renzo Italy
1999 FOSTER Norman UK PURPOSE

To honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a The Order Of NATIONAL ARTISTS
combination of those qualities of talent, vision, and commitment, who has Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining
produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built
environment through the art of architecture. YEAR NAME
MEDAL
1973 NAKPIL Juan F.
The laureate receives $100,000 and also a bronze medallion. The bronze medallion The international prize, which is awarded each year to a living architect/s for
significant achievement, was established by the Pritzker family of Chicago 1976 ANTONIO Pablo S.
awarded to each Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize is based on designs of
Louis Sullivan, famed Chicago architect generally acknowledged as the father of the through their Hyatt Foundation in 1979. It is granted annually and is often Leandro V.
1990 LOCSIN
skyscraper. On one side is the name of the prize. On the reverse, three words are referred to as “architecture’s Nobel” and “the profession’s highest honor.”
inscribed, “firmness, commodity and delight,” recalling Roman architect Vitruvius' 2006 SANTOS Ildefonso Jr.
fundamental principles of architecture of  Francisco T.
2014 ZARAGOZA Jose Maria

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UAP PRESIDENTS (Past & Present) HISTORY OF UAP The UAP has been instrumental in the passing of Republic Act 9266: The
NO. NAME YEAR Architect's Law of 2004, effective April 26, 2004. On 22 June 2004, the PRC,
During the Spanish era there were no schools of Architecture in the Philippines. through its Board of Architecture, accredited the UAP as the Integrated and
CH NUKE Norberto M. 1975 The first Filipino recorded architect was Felix Roxas y Arroyo, born circa Accredited Professional Organization of Architects (IAPOA). The new law granted
Jose V. 1976 1820 in Manila, studied in Spain and stayed for many years in England and Filipino architects more definitive rights, benefits and distinction as against other
1 HERRERA
France. Previous to this, a Filipino could aspire to erect an architectural structure professionals in the construction industry
2 GAITE Ruperto C. 1977-1978 through the help of a Maestro de Obras or master builder. The first formal school
for master builders was opened only during the last decade of the 19th century. The United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) was born on December 12,
3 MENDOZA Felipe M. 1979-1980 On 14 September 1902, many of the graduates of this school joined the civil 1974 out of the noble vision of unifying the three (3) existing architectural
4 ARELLANO Otillo A. 1981 engineers and surveyors in the country and founded the first professional associations at that time - the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA), the League
organization of architects and allied professionals ~ the Academia de Arquitectura of Philippine Architects (LPA) and the Association of Philippine Government
5 LOCSIN Leandro V. 1981-1982 y Aguimensura de Filipinos (AAAF). It maintained direct consultation with the Architects (APGA). Through the concerted efforts of the officers and members of
Manuel T. 1983-1984 American Institute of Architects (AIA). A year after, its name was changed to the three organizations, the vision officially materialized on March 26, 1975,
6 MAÑOSA
Academia de Inginieria, Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AIAAF). In 1904 where the UAP was registered with the Philippines' Securities and Exchange
7 CANCHELA Cesar V. 1985-1986 it founded the first school of Architecture in the Philippines, the Escuela de Commission (SEC). On May 12, 1975, the UAP was granted Certificate No. 001,
Ingenieria y Arquitectura, which offered five-year courses in Architecture and Civil the first professional organization to be accredited by the Professional Regulation
8 HONG Froilan L. 1987-1988 Engineering. Commission (PRC). The PRC is the central agency of the Philippine Government
9 LAZARO Angel R. Jr. 1989 charged with the licensing and regulation of professionals and the professions, as
In 1911, the AIAAF was dissolved when the civil engineers withdrew to form their well as the Accredited Professional Organizations (APOs).
10 ALCORDO Richeto C. 1990-1991 own professional organization, but not before it has struggled for the passage of
an Engineers and Architects Law. In 1921, the Philippine National Assembly Act
11 MARQUEZ Jaime C. 1992-1994 Since its registration, UAP has received many awards, including the highly-
No. 2985 passed, the first enabling law for the practice of the professions of
acclaimed PRC's Most Outstanding Accredited Professional Organization. To
12 MANGIO Nestor S. 1994 -1996 engineering and architecture, defined the unique and separate identities of the
date, it is still the first and only APO to win the award four times in the Award's
two professions.
13 CUNTAPAY Emmanuel P. 1996-1998 eighteen-year history. These were in years 2002, 2007 and 2008 and this year
2011. The award is presented annually to recognize the achievements, services
14 REYES Yolanda D. 1998-2000 The profession of Architecture in the Philippines was given its first separate and commitments of the APO to the profession. UAP bested forty two (42) other
statute on 17 June 1950 with the enactment of Republic Act 545, "An Act to professional organizations, through 12 stringent criteria set for the award.
15 LUIS Prosperidad C. 2000-2002 Regulate the Practice of Architecture in the Philippines."
16 SAC Robert S. 2002-2004 For its volunteer works, UAP was chosen in addressing housing problems, urban
From the early 1930's to late 1950's, associations of architects were founded, but degradation, environmental conservation and promotion of volunteerism for socio-
17 OLONAN Enrique O. 2004-2005 only three survived until the early 1970's ~ the Association of Philippine economic development; the UAP was a Regional Nominee to the "Search for
18 FLORENTINO Edric Marco C. 2005-2007 Government Architects (APGA), League of Philippine Architects (LPA), and the Outstanding Volunteers" by the Philippine National Service Coordinating Agency
Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA). In June 1973, President Ferdinand E. (PNVSCA) in its celebration of National Volunteer Month last December 2005.
19 ROLDAN Medeliano T. Jr. 2007-2009 Marcos issued Presidential Decree 223, creating the Professional Regulation PNVSCA takes the lead in advocating and recognizing the contributions of
Commission (PRC) regulating all professions and accrediting only one volunteers to nation-building and international cooperation.
20 LING Ana M. 2009-2010
organization to represent each profession.
21 MENDOZA Ramon S. 2011-2012
Last April 2009, in celebration of the Earth Day, the UAP, through its advocacy
Rozanno C. 2012-2013 The newly integrated organization of architects was called the United Architects of group "Green Architecture Movement", was awarded the 2009 Father Neri Satur
22 ROSAL
the Philippines (UAP). All 1300 members of the three organizations automatically Award for Environmental Heroism - the only accredited professional organization
23 REGALA Ma. Benita O. 2014-2015 became members of the UAP and during its first year, 700 members officially in the Philippines to receive such a prestigious environmental award.
registered for active membership.
Last November 2010, UAP received its First International Award ~ in Adelaide,
On 26 March 1975, the UAP was registered with the Securities and Exchange Australia, the EAROPH 50th Golden Jubilee Award in recognition of the
Commission (SEC) and on 12 May 1975, the PRC issued Certificate No. 001 to organization's substantial contribution to the advancement of Planning,
the UAP as the duly accredited professional organization of architects in the Development and Management of Human Settlements in the Philippines.
Philippines. The organization has been participating in the activities of local
government units, in civic and in related professional fields. The UAP received
As impressive as UAP record is, an even more important metric of our success is
many professional awards including the highly acclaimed Excellence Award given
the large number of awards and honors earned by our members through the
by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Most Outstanding
years. We feel privileged to have our members received these honors and
Professional Organization of the Year awarded by the PRC in 2002.
recognition.

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FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
ANTONIO, PABLO SEBRERO ARELLANO, OTILIO A. ARELLANO, OTILIO A. DE CASTRO, CRESENCIANO CRUZ
National Artist In Architecture National Bureau of Investigation, Taft Avenue National Bureau of Investigation, Taft Avenue Mindanao State University, Marawi City,
Far Eastern University, Philippine National Bank, Manila Sining Kayumanggi at Mehan Gardens CAUDAL, ALEJANDRO YELAB Paseo de Roxas
Railroad Company Palacio del Gobernador Intramuros Jacinto Residence, Bustos, Bulacan Church of Jesus Christ and the latter day Saints projects
Major Work: Ideal Theater In Rizal, Manila Philippine School of Business Luis Santos House, Malolos Central Luzon State University buildings, Munoz, Nueva
FEU Building In Quezon Boulevard Administration, Aurora Boulevard Lopa Residence, Pasay Ecija
Apartments In Roxas Boulevard Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation, Buendia, Makati Lerma House, New Manila, Quezon City National Science Development Board, Taguig
Ramon Roces Publications Building ARGUELLES, TOMAS FERNANDEZ Tiongco House, Pandacan, Bulacan Atomic Research Center complex, Quezon City
White Cross Preventorium Elizalde Building on Muelle de la Industria, Manila CONCIO, CESAR HOMERO Asian Development Bank (DFA), Roxas Boulevard
Manila Polo Club Heacock’s Building, Escolta UP Diliman Palma Hall and Melchor Hall FORMOSO. GABRIEL PAPA
Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building On ARGUELLES, CARLOS D. Protestant Chapel and Fellowship Center, UP Diliman Central Bank complex
Rizal Avenue, Carriedo Philamlife Building Buildings in Silliman University Metropolitan Museum
FEU Administration And Science Buildings Manila Hilton (now Manila Pavillion), United Nations UP College of Forestry, Los Banos, Laguna Valley Golf Club, Victoria Valley, Antipolo, Rizal
Galaxy Theater In Rizal Avenue Avenue Insular Life Building, Makati Alabang Golf and Country Club, Alabang
ARANETA, LUIS MARIA GONZAGA Holiday Inn, Roxas Boulevard Children’s Memorial Hospital, Quezon City Development Academy of the Philippines, Tagaytay City
Times Theater, Quezon Boulevard Philippine National Bank, Escolta Mother of Perpetual Help, Baclaran Club Filipino, Greenhills
Manila Doctors’ Hospital, UN Avenue Urdaneta Apartments Union Church of Manila Pacific Star Building, Makati
Makati Medical Center, Makati Tuscany Apartments Ramona Apartments, Adriatico Street, Manila Anerica-Lepanto Building, Paseo de Roxas
Santa Catalina College, Legarda, Manila Development Bank of the Philippines, Makati COSCOLLUELA, WILLIAM VARGAS Bikko Manila Garden Hotel, Epifanio delos Santos
Botica Boie Building, Escolta, Manila Chronicle Broadcasting Network Studios, Quezon City Robinson’s Commercial Complex, Pasig Avenue
ARELLANO, ARCADIO DE GUZMAN BELLOC, VICENTE B. Ayala Twin Towers, Makati Manila Peninsula Hotel, Ayala Avenue
Roman Ongpin’s Bazaar Cemetery of Nagcarlan Alexandra (11 buildings), Pasig Asian Institute of Management, Paseo de Roxas
El 82, Plaza Calderon de la Barca BERENGUER-TOPACIO, CHED One Beverly Place, Greenhills, San Juan Dona Narcisa de Leon Building
Hotel de Francia Interiors of hotels, restaurants, etc. Wack-Wack Twin Towers HERVAS, JUAN
Carmelo and Bauermann Building, Azcarraga BURNHAM, DANIEL HUDSON Skyland Plaza Twin Towers, Makati Manila Railroad Station, Tutuban
Gota de Leche Building, S.H.Loyola Proposed grand plan for Manila involving a gridiron Atrium, Makati Arranque and Herran Markets
Casino Espanol, Taft Avenue street pattern. Galeria de Magallanes, Makati Assumption Convent, Herran Street
ARELLANO, JUAN DE GUZMAN CALMA, LORENZO LICAD Alabang 400, Muntinlupa Estrella del Norte, Escolta
Legislative Building (senate and national museum) Interiors of DBP, Makati Quezon City Sports Club Heacock Store Building
Post Office Building Development Academy of the Philippines, Tagaytay City Centro Escolar University Complex, Malolos Paris-Manila Building
Villamor Hall, UP Campus in Taft Silahis Hotel, Roxas Boulevard Magellan Hotel and Resort complex, Cebu HONG, FROILAN BAUTISTA
Metropolitan Theater Midtown Ramada Hotel, Pedro Gil Shoemart City, Cebu and Quezon City Manila Film Center, Pasay, Manila
Master plan of UP Diliman Campus Puerto Azul Hotel and Beach Resort, Ternate, Cavite DE UGUCCIONI, JUAN PALAFOX, FELINO JR
Landscaping plans for Padre Burgos Avenue, Harrison Benguet Center, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila Proposed repairs for Colegio de Santa Potenciana Rockwell Center Hidalgo Palace
Park, North and South Port Areas, Roxas Boulevard and
Malacanang. PNB, Escolta Overseer reconstruction of Manila Cathedral The Rizal Tower Luna Gardens

©2015 Page 71
FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
HUBILLA, JOHNNY LUNA DE SAN PEDRO, ANDRES MAÑOSA, JOSE TRONQUED OCAMPO, FERNANDO HIZON
Philippine Trade House, Bangkok Legarda Elementary School SMC Head Office, Mandaluyong Manila Metropolitan Cathedral
Philippine Trade Center, Toronto, Canada Alfonso Zobel house, Roxas Boulevard BPI Head Office, Makati Paterno Building, Sta. Cruz, Manila
Philippine House, Mainz, Germany San Vicente de Paul Chapel, San Marcelino Street MENDOZA, FELIPE MARCELO Oriental Club
Philippine Pavilion, World Trade Rafael Fernandez House, Arglegui Street Batasang Pambansa Buildings, Quezon City Cu Un Jieng Building, Escolta
Exposition in Leipzig Germany Perez-Samantillo Building, Escolta Development Avcademy of the Philippines, Pasig Central Seminary Building, UST
Philippine Pavilion, World Trade Fair in Spokane, Fernandez Martinez House, San Miguel, Manila RCBC, Buendia Arguelles Building, Rizal Avenue
Washington DC St. Cecilia’s Hall, St. Scholastica’s College Sacred Heart Novitiate Building, Novaliches
Philippine Commercial and Industrial Bank Building
LOCSIN, LEANDRO V. E.A. Perkins Residence, Roxas Boulevard (Antonino Building), Kalaw Street Admiral Apartments, Roxas Boulevard
National Artist in Architecture Basa Residence, Lepanto Street, Manila FEU Hospital, Nicanor Reyes Street, Manila Cathedral of the Immaculate Concepcion restoration
Main Theater, CCP Complex Evangelista Residence, Rizal Avenue Extension Library and Science Center, Xavier University, Cagayan Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary
Folk Arts Theater, CCP Complex Sy Cong Bieng Mausoleum, Manila de Oro OLIVER, LUCIANO

Philippine Center for International Trade and Exhibitions North Cemetery San Jose Seminary Building, Ateneo de Manila Manila Cathedral reconstruction
(PHILCITE) LUZ, ALFREDO J. DIMAYUGA University OLIVEROS, EDITH L.
Philippine Convention Center, CCP Complex Ramon Magsaysay Building, Roxas Boulevard Assumption School Buildings, Antipolo
Interiors of Admiral Hotel, Cebu Plaza Hotel, Wackwack
Philippine Plaza Hotel Far East Bank and Trust Head Offices, Intramuros Mormon Temple, Green Meadows, Quezon City Golf and Country Club, Philippine House in Chicago,
Hyatt Regency Hotel, Roxas Boulevard WHO Regional Headquarters, Taft Avenue NAKPIL, ANGEL E. SANCHO
Illinois, Philippine House, Houston, Texas

Makati Stock Exchange Building IRRI, Los Banos National Press Club Building, Magallanes Drive Designed parks in Alaala Park, Pagsanjan
Ayala Museum, Makati Avenue 666 T.M. Kalaw PLDT Former Head Opffice, De la Rosa Street, Makati PARSONS, WILLIAM E.
Manila Hotel renovation 1414 Roxas Boulevard Lopez Museum Building, Pasay Implementing Burnham’s plans for Baguio and Manila
Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Makati 1515 Roxas Boulevard Picache Building, Quiapo Preparing City plans for Cebu and Zamboanga
National Arts Center, Laguna 1010 A. Mabini Roche Building, Pasong Tamo PENASALES, SERGIO VILLAR
Manila International Airport (NAIA) Dole Philippines, Polomolok, South Cotabato Petrona Apartments,. Taft Avenue Museo Iloilo, Iloilo City
Istana Nurul Iman, Palace of the Sultan of Brunei Standard Vacuum Refining Corporation, Limay, Bataan NAKPIL, JUAN FELIPE DE JESUS Tinucuan Chapel, Passi
MAÑOSA BROTHERS General Milling Corporation, Mactan, Cebu Geronimo de los Reyes Building Barbaza Church, Barbaza Antique
Sierra Lake Resorts, Laguna Republic Cement Corporation, Norzagaray, Bulacan Capitan Pepe Building Landscaping of UI, University Mall, Iloilo
Hidden Valley Springs Resort, Laguna MAÑOSA, FRANCISCO TRONQUED Quezon Institute Administration Building and Pavilions Memorial Park, Amphitheater Green, Oton
Maya-maya Resort, Batangas Tahanang Pilipino, CCP Complex Manila Jockery Club Prepared master plans for development of town plazas of
Makiling Conference Center, Laguna Shrine of our Lady Queen of Peace, Ortigas Avenue Avenue Hotel and Theater Molo, Jaro and Lapaz.
Colegio de San Agustin, Makati Mary Immaculate Parish Church, Quiapo Church RAMIREZ, EDGARDO P.
Guadalupe restoration Moonwalk Subdivision, Las Pinas Gen. Vicente Lim Residence, Vito Cruz Interiors of Philippine Embassy and
Andres Soriano Memorial Hospital Las Pinas Church restoration Philippine Trust Building in Plaza Gotti Palace Hotel in Beijing China
Bislig Bay Lumber Co. in Surigao del Sur Stations of Light Rail Transit (LRT) Security Bank and Trust Building Interiors of the Defense Department, National Bank of
Sulo Restaurant Development of Quezon Memorial Circle Rizal House reconstruction., Calamba Laguna Abu Dhabi, Arab Monetary Fund, Amini Court, etc.

San Miguel Corporation Head Office, Mandaluyong Development, restoration and landscaping of Corregidor UP Administration and Library Buildings
Rizal Island Ever and State Theaters., Rizal Avenue

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FILIPINO ARCHITECTS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS TIMELINE OF TALLEST BUILDINGS (Philippines)
ROXAS, FELIX ARROYO TOLEDO, ANTONIO MANALAC YEARS AS
NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (m) FLOORS
Enlargement and reconstruction of the parish church in UP Padre Faura campus TALLEST
Bacoor, Cavite College of Medicine Annex and UP Library, Manila Manila Hotel Metro Manila 1912 - 1967 18
Jesuit Church of Sa Ignacio, Intramuros Leyte Capitol Ramon Maggsaysay Center Metro Manila 1967 - 1968 70 18
RUANO, ROQUE Department of Agriculture and Commerce (Tourism) Manila Pavilion Hotel Metro Manila 1968 - 1989 90 22
Dominican House, Baguio Department of Finance Pacific Star Building Metro Manila 1989 - 1991 112.5 29
Dominican College, Lingayen Philippine Normal School The Peak Tower Metro Manila 1991 - 1992 138 38
“Crucero” in the Church of our Lady of Manaoag Manila City Hall Pacific Plaza Condominium Metro Manila 1992 - 1994 150 44
Santa Catalina College, Pampanga VILLAROSA, ROGELIO GARCIA Rufino Pacific Tower Metro Manila 1994 - 1997 162 41
Hospital of the Sacred Heart Edsa Shangri-la Hotel Robinsons Equitable Tower Metro Manila 1997 - 1998 175 45
Santa Teresita Church, Yokohama Japan Edsa Plaza, Mandaluyong Petron Megaplaza Metro Manila 1998 - 2000 210 45
UST Main Building Tektite Towers, Pasig PBCom Tower Metro Manila 2000 - 2012 259 52
SANTOS, IDELFONSO PAEZ Alexandra (11 building complex) The Gramercy Residences Metro Manila 2012 - Present 262 73

Batulao Village Club, Batangas King’s Court II, Pasong Tamo TIMELINE OF TALLEST SKYSCRAPERS (World)
Caliraya Lake Resort, Laguna Silahis International Hotel, Roxas Boulevard YEARS AS HEIGHT [m
NAME LOCATION INCREASE
Eternal Gardens Memorial Park, Manila National Bookstore Super Branch, TALLEST (ft)]
Imus Town Plaza, Imus, Cavite Araneta Center Cubao The buildings that were the tallest skyscrapers – but still shorter than the tallest church or cathedral
Raintree Sports Club, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Puerto Azul clubhouse Equitable Life Building New York, USA 1870 - 1884 40 (130) -
Artist’s Village, Garden for the Blind Makati Sports Club Home Insurance Building Chicago, USA 1884 - 1890 42 (138) 6.15%
Teodora Valencia Circle ZARAGOSA, JOSE MARIA New York World Building New York, USA 1890 - 1894 94 (308) 136.92%
Rehabilitation of the Japanese Garden Meralco Building, Pasig Manhattan Life Insurance Building New York, USA 1894 - 1895 100 (330) 7.14%
SANTOS-VIOLA, CARLOS ANTONIO Santo Domingo Church and Convent, Quezon City Milwaukee City Hall Milwaukee, USA 1895 - 1899 108 (354) 7.27%
Iglesia ni Cristo structures (chief architect) Philippine Airlines building, Ayala Avenue Park Row Building New York, USA 1899 - 1901 119 (390) 10.17%
Templo Central Philippine Banking Corporation Building, Port Area, Since 1901, the world's tallest building has always been a secular skyscraper.
Our Lady of Lourdes, Quezon City Manila Philadelphia City Hall Philadelphia, USA 1901 - 1908 167 (548)
Franciscan churches of Singalong, Mandaluyong, St. John Bosco Parish Church, Pasay Road Singer Building New York, USA 1908 - 1909 186.57 (612.1) 11.72%
Tagaytay and Lipa City. Union Church, Makati Metropolitan Life Tower New York, USA 1909 - 1913 213.36 (700) 14.36%
Nustra Senora de Guia, Ermita Manila Pius XII Catholic Center, UN Avenue Woolworth Building New York, USA 1913 - 1930 241 (791) 12.95%
SINDIONG, ANTONIO S. MAPUA, TOMAS BAUTISTA Bank of Manhattan Trust Building New York, USA 1930 283 (928) 17.43%
Megamall, Mandaluyong Manila Central Post Office Building, Ermita, Manila Chrysler Building New York, USA 1930 - 1931 319.9 (1,050) 13.04%
Harrison Plaza Shopping Center, Manila St. La Salle Hall, St. La Salle University Empire State Building New York, USA 1931 - 1972 381 (1,250) 19.1%
Ali Mall II, Cubao Librada Avelino Hall, Centro Escolar University World Trade Center New York, USA 1972 - 1974 417 (1,368) 9.45%
New Farmers Plaza Shopping Center, Cubao Philippine General Hospital Nurses Home Sears Tower Chicago, USA 1974 - 1998 442 (1,450) 6%
East Pakistan Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Petronas Towers Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1998 - 2003 451.9 (1,483) 2.24%
Kebayoran Housing Project, Indonesia Taipei 101 Taipei, Taiwan 2003 - 2010 509.2 (1,671) 12.68%
Arabian Villas, Dubai Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE 2010 - Present 828 (2,717) 62.61%

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